{ "model": { "rank": 1029, "code": "thing-q11472", "model_id": "vr.tr.paper", "name": "paper", "purpose": "Let an agent treat paper as a material with a grade and a weight that decide what can be done with it, rather than as an undifferentiated white sheet.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q11472/", "tier": 2, "score": 198, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "ink cartridge", "wax paper", "parchment paper", "kaishi", "Classic Crest", "paper packaging", "wrapping tissue", "filter paper", "opaline paper", "Chemex filter", "cardboard", "art & craft paper", "Arches paper", "card stock", "corrugated fiberboard", "carton pierre", "shikishi", "silver cardboard", "molded pulp", "gesso board", "Crutch", "binder’s board", "millboard", "illustration board", "waste paper", "electrical insulation paper", "watercolor paper", "Hygiene paper", "Wellit", "mill broke", "pre-consumer waste paper", "maculature", "headed paper", "Bluebackpaper", "slip of paper", "tissue paper", "graph paper", "printing and writing paper", "Decorative papers", "laid paper" ], "aliasCount": 182, "merged": 184, "knownIn": 198, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.paper-communication", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q11472", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11472", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-10T20:01:32Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q11472", "registryId": "vr.tr.paper", "name": "paper", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q11472/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.paper", "name": "paper", "purpose": "Let an agent treat paper as a material with a grade and a weight that decide what can be done with it, rather than as an undifferentiated white sheet.", "definition": "A thin sheet material made from cellulose fibres pressed together while wet and dried, used to write on, print on, wrap with and wipe with.", "what_it_is_for": "Carrying marks that last: writing, printing and records, and beyond that packaging, hygiene and filtering.", "affordances": [ "write and print on it, which depends on surface and absorbency", "fold, cut and bind it", "wrap and protect things with it", "wet it, which usually ruins it", "burn it, which is why fire load is a real constraint on archives", "recycle it, a fixed number of times before the fibres are too short" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Made of pressed cellulose fibre, which separates it from plastic film and from parchment", "A material, not a document: the sheet and what is written on it are different things", "Grade and grammage decide use more than any other property", "Acidity decides how long it lasts, which is why archival paper is a separate grade" ], "appearance": "Flat sheets or reels, usually white but made in any colour, from tissue thin enough to see through to board stiff enough to stand.", "visual_identification": [ "Grammage, judged by feel rather than sight, is the property that decides what a paper can be used for", "Watermarks and laid lines, visible against light, identify a maker and sometimes a period", "Grain direction, found by tearing or bending, decides how it folds and how it curls", "Coating and finish, seen at a glancing angle, decide how ink behaves on it" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "grammage", "typical_range": "30-400", "unit": "g/m2", "note": "80 is ordinary office paper; above about 250 it is usually called board" }, { "quantity": "thickness", "typical_range": "0.05-0.5", "unit": "mm", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "moisture content", "typical_range": "4-8", "unit": "%", "note": "paper takes up and gives off water with the air, which is why it curls and jams" }, { "quantity": "ignition temperature", "typical_range": "218-246", "unit": "C", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "by use: writing, printing, packaging, tissue, speciality", "by grade: uncoated, coated, recycled, archival, security", "by form: sheet, reel, board", "by fibre: virgin, recycled, mixed" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "material", "why": "inherits composition, grade and handling questions" }, { "relation": "carries", "target": "document", "why": "the document is the content and the record; paper is one carrier" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "cardboard", "why": "the boundary is grammage and is conventional" }, { "relation": "is made from", "target": "wood pulp", "why": "the supply chain and its certification start there" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "grammage and format", "value_or_pattern": "e.g. 80 g/m2 A4", "note": "how paper is actually specified and ordered" }, { "scheme": "ISO 216", "value_or_pattern": "A, B, C series", "note": "the format standard used almost everywhere except North America" }, { "scheme": "chain of custody certification", "value_or_pattern": "FSC or PEFC code", "note": "about the fibre source, not the paper" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ISO 216, which defines the A and B paper sizes", "ISO 9706 and equivalents, which define permanence for archival paper", "Food contact regulations, for paper used in packaging", "Forest certification schemes, which govern claims about fibre origin" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Acid degradation, which turns nineteenth and twentieth century paper brittle and yellow", "Water and humidity, which cause cockling, mould and complete loss", "Fire, where paper is the fuel that makes archives and offices burn", "Jamming and misfeeding in machines, which is a grain and moisture problem rather than a machine one" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "grade-and-specification", "name": "Grade and specification", "description": "What paper this is, in the terms it is bought and used in.", "rationale": "Paper is specified by grammage, format and grade, and every use question is answered from those three rather than from appearance.", "layers": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification", "description": "Grammage, format, finish and grade.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification-finding", "name": "How it is specified", "description": "The numbers that identify a paper for use.", "questions": [ { "text": "What grammage, format, finish and grade is this paper?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which of those must be matched exactly for the intended use, and which may vary?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fibre-and-origin", "name": "Fibre and origin", "description": "What it is made from and where that came from.", "findings": [ { "id": "fibre-and-origin-finding", "name": "Fibre composition and claims", "description": "Virgin against recycled, and the certification attached.", "questions": [ { "text": "What fibre is this paper made from, and what certification covers its origin?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What does that certification not assert about the paper itself?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "behaviour-in-use", "name": "Behaviour in use", "description": "How it behaves when written on, printed on and handled.", "rationale": "Most practical paper problems are about how a grade behaves in a process, not about what it is made of.", "layers": [ { "id": "printability", "name": "Printability and surface", "description": "How ink and toner behave on it.", "findings": [ { "id": "printability-finding", "name": "Surface behaviour", "description": "Absorbency, coating and what they do to marks.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does this paper take ink or toner, and what does that constrain?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which processes is it unsuitable for, and how would that show?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mechanical", "name": "Mechanical behaviour", "description": "Folding, tearing, curling and grain.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanical-finding", "name": "Grain and handling", "description": "How direction and moisture govern handling.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which way does the grain run, and how does that affect folding and feeding?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "What handling or conditioning does the process require before use?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "permanence-and-storage", "name": "Permanence and storage", "description": "How long it lasts and under what conditions.", "rationale": "Paper is a record carrier, so its lifetime is the lifetime of what is written on it, and that is decided by chemistry and storage.", "layers": [ { "id": "permanence", "name": "Permanence", "description": "Acidity, lignin and expected life.", "findings": [ { "id": "permanence-finding", "name": "Expected life and its basis", "description": "What determines how long the sheet survives.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the expected permanence of this paper, on what basis?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which standard does it meet, and what does that standard actually promise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage", "name": "Storage conditions", "description": "Temperature, humidity, light and handling.", "findings": [ { "id": "storage-finding", "name": "Required storage", "description": "Conditions that keep the promise, and what breaks it.", "questions": [ { "text": "What storage conditions does this paper require to reach its expected life?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What must an agent do when stored paper shows cockling, foxing or mould?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-disposal", "name": "Supply and disposal", "description": "Getting it and getting rid of it.", "rationale": "Paper is bought by specification and disposed of by stream, and both are constrained by rules the user rarely sees.", "layers": [ { "id": "supply", "name": "Supply and substitution", "description": "Availability and what may be substituted.", "findings": [ { "id": "supply-finding", "name": "Substitution rules", "description": "What may replace a specified grade without changing the outcome.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which grades may substitute for this one, and what changes if they do?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What must be verified before accepting a substitution in a controlled process?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disposal", "name": "Disposal and recycling", "description": "Streams, contamination and confidentiality.", "findings": [ { "id": "disposal-finding", "name": "Disposal route", "description": "Where it goes and what disqualifies it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which disposal or recycling route applies to this paper, and what contaminates it?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What must be destroyed rather than recycled, and under whose rule?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should paper the material and the sheet in hand be separate models, since grade belongs to the material and condition to the sheet?", "How should permanence claims be represented so they stay tied to the storage conditions they assume?", "What is the right way to record recycled content when the fibre mix varies between reels of one grade?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a paper, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent treat paper as a material with a grade and a weight that decide what can be done with it, rather than as an undifferentiated white sheet.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: ink cartridge, wax paper, parchment paper, kaishi, Classic Crest, paper packaging, wrapping tissue, filter paper, opaline paper, Chemex filter, cardboard, art & craft paper.", "184 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 198 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a paper, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "ink cartridge", "wax paper", "parchment paper", "kaishi", "Classic Crest", "paper packaging", "wrapping tissue", "filter paper", "opaline paper", "Chemex filter", "cardboard", "art & craft paper" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 198 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 184 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one paper from another, and a paper from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a paper, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a paper, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a paper is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a paper, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a paper, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a paper is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a paper sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a paper, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a paper, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a paper is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a paper from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a paper, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a paper, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a paper is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a paper passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a paper between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a paper, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a paper, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a paper is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a paper, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a paper is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a paper, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a paper, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a paper is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a paper says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a paper contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a paper, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a paper, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a paper is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a paper and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a paper, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a paper, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a paper is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of paper a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For paper, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of paper exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made paper and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to paper, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in paper, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a paper came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a paper and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a paper, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a paper, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a paper is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a paper is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a paper, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a paper, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a paper is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }