hepatocellular carcinoma
Let an agent explain hepatocellular carcinoma and its causes in neutral terms, relay surveillance, diagnosis, staging and treatment options in general from oncology guidelines, describe prevention, and route people with symptoms or diagnoses to specialists.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain hepatocellular carcinoma and its causes in neutral terms, relay surveillance, diagnosis, staging and treatment options in general from oncology guidelines, describe prevention, and route people with symptoms or diagnoses to specialists.
The most common form of primary liver cancer, arising from hepatocytes, usually in people with chronic liver disease from hepatitis B or C infection, alcohol, fatty liver disease or aflatoxin exposure, presenting late with pain, weight loss or decompensated cirrhosis, diagnosed by imaging and sometimes biopsy, staged by systems such as BCLC, and treated by resection, transplantation, ablation, embolisation or systemic therapy depending on stage, with variants including clear cell and paediatric forms and metastatic disease.
What it is for: Not applicable; a disease.
It can be explain causes and risk; relay diagnosis and staging; describe treatment options in general; route to specialists.
Distinguishing features
Hepatocyte origin
Cirrhosis background
Imaging diagnosis
Stage-based treatment
What it looks like
Not a visible object; a liver tumour seen on imaging.
Physical character
share of primary liver cancers: about 75-85 percent
main risk factors: hepatitis B and C, alcohol, MASLD, aflatoxin list
surveillance: ultrasound every 6 months note - in cirrhosis, guidelines
How it is recognised
Primary liver cancer from hepatocytes
Hepatitis-related, aflatoxin-related, paediatric, clear cell, metastatic and non-metastatic forms
Cholangiocarcinoma arises from bile ducts; liver metastases come from other cancers
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
arises in - in most cases
is caused by - and hepatitis C infection
is prevented by - and antiviral treatment
In practice
Families and kinds
hepatitis virus related hepatocellular carcinoma
aflatoxin-related hepatocellular carcinoma
alcohol and metabolic liver disease related forms
paediatric hepatocellular carcinoma
clear cell and fibrolamellar variants
metastatic and non-metastatic disease
Identifiers
ICD-11 2C12.02 hepatocellular carcinoma of liver
MeSH D006528 carcinoma, hepatocellular
Standards and regulation
EASL, AASLD and NCCN guidelines
Hepatitis B vaccination programmes
Aflatoxin limits in food
Failure modes and hazards
Agents giving personal medical advice
Late diagnosis without surveillance
Confusing with metastases or cholangiocarcinoma
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Help Getting care first.
Safety.
Symptoms
Symptoms.
Symptoms
Symptoms.
- Why do symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice or swelling in someone with liver disease need prompt medical assessment? action
- Is the user describing their own symptoms or diagnosis, which needs a clinician now? boundary
Surveillance
Surveillance.
Surveillance
Surveillance.
- Who should have liver cancer surveillance, and what does it involve, according to guidelines? provenance
- Which entry fits cirrhosis? action
Understand The disease.
Clinical.
Causes
Causes and risk.
Causes
Causes.
- How do hepatitis B and C, alcohol, fatty liver disease and aflatoxin lead to hepatocellular carcinoma? definition
- Is the question about hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma or liver metastases? boundary
Variants
Variants.
Variants
Variants.
- What are clear cell, fibrolamellar and paediatric forms, and how do they differ? definition
- Which entry fits the specific variant? action
Care Diagnosis and treatment.
Clinical.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and staging.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis.
- How is hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by imaging and staged by BCLC and other systems? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Treatment
Treatment.
Treatment
Treatment.
- What treatments exist by stage, from resection and transplantation to ablation, embolisation and systemic therapy, in general terms? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Context Prevention and research.
Context.
Prevention
Prevention.
Prevention
Prevention.
- How do vaccination, antiviral treatment, alcohol policy and aflatoxin control prevent liver cancer? provenance
- Which entry fits hepatitis B vaccine? action
Research
Research.
Research
Research.
- What research is under way on immunotherapy and biomarkers, with findings attributed? provenance
- Which entry fits cancer immunotherapy? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should surveillance and the BCLC staging be separate entries?
- How should oncology guidelines be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming aetiological and stage variants; should they be split off?