{ "model": { "rank": 9540, "code": "thing-q1151752", "model_id": "vr.tr.jumping", "name": "jumping", "purpose": "Let an agent explain jumping, relay biomechanics, sport and dance techniques, animal jumping and cultural traditions from biomechanics, sport science and ethnography sources, describe the named forms and flag unverified aliases, relay injury and fire safety, and distinguish jumping from hopping, leaping as a near-synonym, falling and flying.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q1151752/", "tier": 2, "score": 47, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "streamlined dive", "vertical jump", "cabriole", "jumping over the fire", "Grenhopp and mellanhopp", "Jumping catch", "Double out", "ice floe jumping", "Belly flop", "Fierljeppen", "balconing", "horizontal jump", "figure skating jump", "Herkie", "superhuman leaping", "scissors jump", "quintuple jump" ], "aliasCount": 17, "merged": 18, "knownIn": 47, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q1151752", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151752", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T00:09:12Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1151752", "registryId": "vr.tr.jumping", "name": "jumping", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1151752/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.jumping", "name": "jumping", "purpose": "Let an agent explain jumping, relay biomechanics, sport and dance techniques, animal jumping and cultural traditions from biomechanics, sport science and ethnography sources, describe the named forms and flag unverified aliases, relay injury and fire safety, and distinguish jumping from hopping, leaping as a near-synonym, falling and flying.", "definition": "The action of propelling the body into the air using the legs, a basic locomotor skill in humans and many animals, studied in biomechanics through measures such as the vertical jump, central to sports such as high jump, long jump, basketball and volleyball, and to dance, as in the ballet cabriole where the legs beat together in the air; the registry aliases also include streamlined dives into water, jumping catches in cricket and baseball, ritual jumping over fire in festivals such as Chaharshanbe Suri in Iran and Kupala Night in Slavic traditions, and Grenhopp and mellanhopp, which could not be verified and may name Scandinavian folk or sport jumps. Jumping injuries include ankle sprains and ACL tears, and fire jumping carries burn risks.", "what_it_is_for": "Moving through the air under one s own power.", "affordances": [ "explain biomechanics", "relay sport and dance techniques", "describe cultural traditions", "relay injury and fire safety" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Leg-powered takeoff", "Flight phase", "Landing forces", "Sport and ritual uses" ], "appearance": "Bodies leaving the ground with bent then extended legs.", "visual_identification": [ "Propelling the body into the air with the legs", "Streamlined dive, vertical jump, cabriole, jumping over the fire, Grenhopp and mellanhopp, jumping catch", "Hopping uses one leg repeatedly; leaping often emphasises distance; falling is uncontrolled descent; flying uses wings or machines" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "men s high jump world record", "typical_range": "2.45", "unit": "m", "note": "Javier Sotomayor, 1993, check current" }, { "quantity": "men s long jump world record", "typical_range": "8.95", "unit": "m", "note": "Mike Powell, 1991, check current" }, { "quantity": "Chaharshanbe Suri", "typical_range": "last Wednesday eve before Nowruz", "unit": "note", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "vertical and horizontal jumps", "athletics jumping events", "dance jumps", "dives", "ritual fire jumping" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "locomotor skill", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "high jump", "why": "" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "cabriole", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Chaharshanbe Suri", "why": "fire jumping" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "World Athletics rules", "Fire safety rules for festivals" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "ACL and ankle injuries", "Burns from fire jumping", "Unverified aliases" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What jumping is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Has someone landed badly with severe knee or ankle pain or been burned jumping over fire, in which case seek medical care?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What is jumping, and how does it differ from hopping, leaping, falling and flying?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Named forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-finding", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are streamlined dives, vertical jumps, cabrioles, jumping catches and fire jumping, and what might Grenhopp and mellanhopp be?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "science", "name": "Science", "description": "Biomechanics.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "mechanics", "name": "Mechanics", "description": "Jump mechanics.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanics-finding", "name": "Mechanics", "description": "Mechanics.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do countermovement and stretch-shortening cycles increase jump height?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "animals", "name": "Animals", "description": "Animal jumping.", "findings": [ { "id": "animals-finding", "name": "Animals", "description": "Animals.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do fleas, frogs and kangaroos store elastic energy for jumping?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sport", "name": "Sport", "description": "Sport and dance.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "athletics", "name": "Athletics", "description": "Jumping events.", "findings": [ { "id": "athletics-finding", "name": "Athletics", "description": "Athletics.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the jumping events in athletics, and what are current records, checked against World Athletics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ballet", "name": "Ballet", "description": "Ballet jumps.", "findings": [ { "id": "ballet-finding", "name": "Ballet", "description": "Ballet.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the cabriole performed in ballet?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits allegro (ballet)?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Traditions.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "fire", "name": "Fire jumping", "description": "Fire festivals.", "findings": [ { "id": "fire-finding", "name": "Fire jumping", "description": "Fire jumping.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do fire jumping traditions at Chaharshanbe Suri and Kupala Night mean, with interpretations attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "injury", "name": "Injury", "description": "Injury prevention.", "findings": [ { "id": "injury-finding", "name": "Injury", "description": "Injury.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do landing technique programmes reduce ACL injuries?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits anterior cruciate ligament injury?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry alias Grenhopp and mellanhopp could not be verified and should be reviewed", "Should fire jumping be a separate entry?", "How should current records be kept up to date?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a jumping, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain jumping, relay biomechanics, sport and dance techniques, animal jumping and cultural traditions from biomechanics, sport science and ethnography sources, describe the named forms and flag unverified aliases, relay injury and fire safety, and distinguish jumping from hopping, leaping as a near-synonym, falling and flying.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: streamlined dive, vertical jump, cabriole, jumping over the fire, Grenhopp and mellanhopp, Jumping catch, Double out, ice floe jumping, Belly flop, Fierljeppen, balconing, horizontal jump.", "18 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 47 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a jumping, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "streamlined dive", "vertical jump", "cabriole", "jumping over the fire", "Grenhopp and mellanhopp", "Jumping catch", "Double out", "ice floe jumping", "Belly flop", "Fierljeppen", "balconing", "horizontal jump" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 47 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 18 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one jumping from another, and a jumping from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a jumping, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a jumping, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a jumping is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a jumping, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a jumping, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a jumping is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a jumping sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a jumping, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a jumping, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a jumping is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a jumping from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a jumping, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a jumping, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a jumping is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a jumping passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a jumping between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a jumping, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a jumping, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a jumping is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a jumping, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a jumping is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a jumping, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a jumping, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a jumping is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a jumping proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a jumping, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a jumping and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a jumping, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a jumping, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a jumping is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a jumping consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a jumping takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a jumping, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a jumping, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a jumping is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What jumping is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of jumping are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is jumping operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of jumping and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of jumping?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as jumping?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a jumping came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a jumping and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a jumping, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a jumping, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a jumping is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a jumping is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a jumping, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a jumping, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a jumping is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }