{ "model": { "rank": 4255, "code": "thing-q116434", "model_id": "vr.tr.phonograph", "name": "phonograph", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify a phonograph, assess its compatibility and condition, and determine how it may safely reproduce or, where supported, record sound.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q116434/", "tier": 2, "score": 77, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Seeburg 1000", "turntable", "Reel-to-reel and record player combination", "Amberola", "Archéophone", "Shorinophone", "Vega 109", "Thorens TD124", "vertical record-player", "linear-tracking turntable", "both-sides playing record player", "Caravella", "Sirius", "Yauza" ], "aliasCount": 14, "merged": 14, "knownIn": 77, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.phonograph", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q116434", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116434", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:48:56Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087b6-6680-7b80-811b-a2391963d08d\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: phonograph\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 regis", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087b6-6689-7fe1-8d34-890a3881b8ef\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: phonograph\nRegistry id: vr.tr.phonograph\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q116434", "registryId": "vr.tr.phonograph", "name": "phonograph", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q116434/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.phonograph", "name": "phonograph", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify a phonograph, assess its compatibility and condition, and determine how it may safely reproduce or, where supported, record sound.", "definition": "A phonograph is a device that reproduces sound by mechanically tracing a modulated groove on a rotating cylinder or disc, with some forms also able to record sound by cutting or indenting such grooves.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the phonograph as a kind of machine that reproduces sound from a mechanically traced groove on a rotating cylinder or disc, including recording capability where present; it provisionally includes acoustic and electrical playback variants pending clarification of the registry's intended historical breadth.", "in_scope": [ "Cylinder and disc groove playback mechanisms", "Mechanical drive, speed regulation and transport controls", "Groove tracing, sound transduction and acoustic or electrical output", "Compatibility between recording medium, groove geometry and reproducer", "Recording mechanisms where fitted", "Operating condition, adjustment and maintenance relevant to media preservation" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The recorded performance, composition or rights associated with it", "Records and cylinders as independently catalogued media objects", "Standalone amplifiers, loudspeakers and headphones beyond their connection requirements", "Magnetic, optical and digital playback machines that do not trace a groove", "Manufacturer histories, product catalogues and individual ownership histories", "Conservation treatment of recordings beyond compatibility and handling constraints imposed by the machine" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Playback follows a physical groove on a rotating disc or cylinder; an optical disc player or magnetic tape machine uses a different readout principle.", "Groove motion is converted into sound through a mechanical diaphragm or an electrical pickup, distinguishing playback from a turntable mechanism that only rotates a carrier.", "A cylinder machine supports a cylindrical recording surface, whereas a disc machine supports a flat recording surface; this distinction changes mounting and tracking requirements.", "Recording capability requires a mechanism that forms a groove in a suitable blank and must not be inferred from the name phonograph.", "The name may overlap with gramophone and record player; carrier shape and reproduction mechanism provide stronger identification than the label alone." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Recording carrier format", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "cylinder | disc | documented interchangeable formats", "why_it_matters": "Determines how a recording is mounted, rotated and traversed." }, { "name": "Supported carrier dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm; disc diameter and thickness, or cylinder length and inner and outer diameters", "why_it_matters": "Prevents incompatible carriers from being forced onto a mandrel, spindle or support." }, { "name": "Groove modulation compatibility", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "lateral | vertical | combined lateral and vertical | unknown", "why_it_matters": "The reproducer must respond appropriately to the groove's encoded motion." }, { "name": "Supported playback speed", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "revolutions per minute; nominal settings, adjustable range and measured loaded speed", "why_it_matters": "Controls pitch and duration and helps establish compatibility with a recording." }, { "name": "Drive power source", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "hand-driven | wound spring | electric motor | other documented arrangement", "why_it_matters": "Determines startup procedure, stored-energy hazards and servicing needs." }, { "name": "Reproduction path", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "mechanical diaphragm and acoustic path | electrical pickup and amplification path", "why_it_matters": "Identifies the components needed to produce audible output." }, { "name": "Stylus or needle specification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "compatible tip geometry, material, mounting and replacement specification", "why_it_matters": "A mechanically fitting needle or stylus may still damage an incompatible groove." }, { "name": "Tracking force", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "N; specified permitted range and measured value at groove contact", "why_it_matters": "Affects groove contact, distortion and wear and must be interpreted for the particular reproducer." }, { "name": "Tracking arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "pivoting arm | mechanically fed carriage | other documented arrangement", "why_it_matters": "Determines how the reproducer advances and which alignment or feed checks apply." }, { "name": "Recording capability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "playback only | recording apparatus fitted | recording apparatus missing | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an agent from assuming playback components can cut or emboss a recording." }, { "name": "Operational readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | unsuitable for operation | service required | approved for specified media and procedure", "why_it_matters": "Connects condition assessment to a bounded decision about use." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a machine by carrier format, drive and reproduction mechanism.", "Check whether a specified cylinder or disc can be mounted and played with the installed reproducer.", "Measure and adjust playback speed using a procedure appropriate to the drive.", "Play a compatible recording after verifying stylus condition, tracking and transport readiness.", "Record onto a compatible blank only when a suitable recording assembly and procedure are established.", "Diagnose playback faults and select maintenance or referral actions that protect both machine and recording." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes which sense of phonograph is represented and separates kind-level requirements from particular configurations.", "rationale": "Historical and regional terminology can obscure meaningful differences between cylinder, disc, acoustic and electrical machines.", "layers": [ { "id": "phonograph-sense", "name": "Phonograph sense", "description": "Identifies the groove-based operating principle and the intended breadth of the name.", "findings": [ { "id": "groove-reproduction-identity", "name": "Groove reproduction identity", "description": "Recognition depends on tracing a rotating grooved carrier rather than on a manufacturer's or collector's label.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the machine reproduce sound by mechanically tracing a groove on a rotating cylinder or disc?", "kind": "definition", "id": "groove-reproduction-identity-q01" }, { "text": "Does this registry use phonograph broadly enough to include gramophones and electrical record players?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "groove-reproduction-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "configuration-evidence", "name": "Configuration evidence", "description": "Separates supported variants from assumptions based on appearance or naming.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-mechanism", "name": "Documented mechanism", "description": "Carrier support, reproducer and drive establish the configuration against which compatibility is assessed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which manual, physical inspection or other evidence identifies the installed carrier support, drive and reproducer?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-mechanism-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed features belong to an optional attachment or later modification rather than to the phonograph kind?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "documented-mechanism-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "carrier-and-groove-compatibility", "name": "Carrier and groove compatibility", "description": "Describes the physical and encoded properties a recording must satisfy for compatible playback.", "rationale": "A recording that fits the machine is not necessarily compatible with its speed, groove motion or stylus.", "layers": [ { "id": "carrier-mounting", "name": "Carrier mounting", "description": "Captures the geometry and support requirements of cylinders and discs.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-carrier-envelope", "name": "Supported carrier envelope", "description": "Compatibility requires suitable dimensions, mounting interfaces and clearances throughout rotation and tracking.", "questions": [ { "text": "What carrier dimensions, spindle or mandrel interfaces and clearances does the machine support?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-carrier-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Can the proposed carrier be mounted and removed without force, slippage or interference?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-carrier-envelope-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "groove-and-stylus-match", "name": "Groove and stylus match", "description": "Relates groove modulation and dimensions to the installed reproducer.", "findings": [ { "id": "tracing-compatibility", "name": "Tracing compatibility", "description": "Stylus geometry, permitted movement and recording material must be checked together before contact.", "questions": [ { "text": "What groove modulation and stylus specification are documented for the proposed recording?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "tracing-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "Does the installed reproducer provide the required motion and tip geometry without an incompatible force or material combination?", "kind": "action", "id": "tracing-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "rotation-and-tracking", "name": "Rotation and tracking", "description": "Models the coordinated movement of the carrier and groove-following assembly.", "rationale": "Speed error, feed mismatch and uncontrolled contact can impair reproduction or damage a recording.", "layers": [ { "id": "drive-and-speed", "name": "Drive and speed", "description": "Connects the power source and regulator to usable playback speed.", "findings": [ { "id": "loaded-speed-control", "name": "Loaded speed control", "description": "The relevant speed is the carrier's actual rotation under playback conditions, with variation recorded separately from its nominal setting.", "questions": [ { "text": "What drive powers the carrier, and what procedure governs winding, energizing, starting and stopping it?", "kind": "action", "id": "loaded-speed-control-q01" }, { "text": "What speed and speed variation are measured under the intended playback load?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "loaded-speed-control-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "groove-traverse-and-contact", "name": "Groove traverse and contact", "description": "Addresses how the stylus enters, follows and leaves the recording.", "findings": [ { "id": "controlled-groove-following", "name": "Controlled groove following", "description": "Tracking assessment depends on whether an arm follows the groove or a carriage receives mechanical feed.", "questions": [ { "text": "What arm geometry or carriage-feed relationship is required for the supported carrier and groove pitch?", "kind": "definition", "id": "controlled-groove-following-q01" }, { "text": "How are contact force, unobstructed travel and end-of-play lifting or stopping verified before use?", "kind": "action", "id": "controlled-groove-following-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sound-path-and-recording", "name": "Sound path and recording", "description": "Follows groove motion to audible output and identifies any separate means of forming a recording.", "rationale": "Acoustic reproduction, electrical reproduction and groove recording require different components and checks.", "layers": [ { "id": "playback-transduction", "name": "Playback transduction", "description": "Identifies how stylus motion becomes sound and where external equipment is required.", "findings": [ { "id": "complete-reproduction-path", "name": "Complete reproduction path", "description": "An acoustic path couples the stylus to a diaphragm and sound passage; an electrical path couples a pickup to appropriate amplification and output.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the installed reproducer use a mechanical diaphragm or electrical pickup, and which components complete its sound path?", "kind": "definition", "id": "complete-reproduction-path-q01" }, { "text": "For an electrical pickup, what loading, amplification and playback equalization are required by the pickup and recording?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "complete-reproduction-path-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "groove-recording-capability", "name": "Groove recording capability", "description": "Distinguishes playback assemblies from mechanisms capable of forming grooves.", "findings": [ { "id": "recording-assembly-and-blank", "name": "Recording assembly and blank", "description": "Recording is a conditional capability requiring an appropriate recording head, blank and feed arrangement.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes that this configuration supports groove recording, and which recording assembly is required?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "recording-assembly-and-blank-q01" }, { "text": "Which blank material, cutter or embossing element, feed setting and preparation procedure are compatible?", "kind": "action", "id": "recording-assembly-and-blank-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-permitted-use", "name": "Condition and permitted use", "description": "Relates mechanical, reproducer and power-system condition to specific operating decisions.", "rationale": "Audible output alone does not demonstrate that a phonograph is safe for the user or the recording.", "layers": [ { "id": "media-contact-condition", "name": "Media contact condition", "description": "Assesses components whose wear or misalignment directly affects the groove.", "findings": [ { "id": "stylus-and-tracking-readiness", "name": "Stylus and tracking readiness", "description": "The needle or stylus, reproducer suspension and tracking mechanism require condition checks appropriate to their design.", "questions": [ { "text": "What inspection or replacement rule applies to the installed needle or stylus, and what evidence supports that rule?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "stylus-and-tracking-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Do tip damage, binding, excessive play or incorrect contact force require servicing before a recording is played?", "kind": "action", "id": "stylus-and-tracking-readiness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "drive-safety-and-service", "name": "Drive safety and service", "description": "Addresses stored spring energy, moving parts and electrical components where present.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-operating-approval", "name": "Bounded operating approval", "description": "Permission to operate is tied to assessed condition, compatible media and a documented procedure rather than a general working label.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed drive, brake, governor or electrical defects prevent winding, energizing or running the machine?", "kind": "action", "id": "bounded-operating-approval-q01" }, { "text": "What service instructions and applicable safety requirements support operation or require specialist intervention for this configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "bounded-operating-approval-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The registry supplies no sense; this description uses the broad device class covering cylinder and disc machines, not a particular manufacturer's product.", "Speeds, dimensions and tracking forces are examples for specified disc systems, not universal phonograph requirements.", "Historical media require verification of groove format, stylus dimensions, speed and equalization before playback; RIAA equalization is not appropriate to every recording." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of phonograph this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cylinder phonograph", "Disc phonograph", "Acoustic horn phonograph", "Electrically amplified phonograph", "Recording phonograph", "Automatic record changer" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of phonograph this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Manufacturer model designation and serial number", "value_or_pattern": "Manufacturer-specific model names or codes and unit serial numbers", "note": "Identify product designs and individual machines; there is no universal phonograph model-number format." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of phonograph this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) recording and playback equalization characteristic, applicable to compatible disc records rather than all historical phonographs." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of phonograph this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Domestic playback of recorded music and speech", "Historical sound recording and office dictation", "Broadcasting and disc jockey performance using disc-playing forms", "Archival playback and digitization with media-appropriate equipment", "Museum demonstration and collection of historical sound technology" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of phonograph this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Common nominal disc playback speeds", "typical_range": "33⅓, 45 and approximately 78", "unit": "revolutions per minute" }, { "quantity": "Common disc diameters", "typical_range": "7, 10 and 12", "unit": "inch" }, { "quantity": "Tracking force for many modern microgroove playback cartridges", "typical_range": "1-3; cartridge-specific and not applicable to historical acoustic soundboxes", "unit": "gram-force" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of phonograph this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Worn, damaged or incorrectly sized styli can distort playback and permanently damage grooves.", "Incorrect tracking force, alignment or handling can cause mistracking, skipping and record wear.", "Worn belts, slipping idler wheels, faulty governors or motor problems can produce speed errors, wow and flutter.", "Brittle cylinders and shellac discs can crack or shatter during handling.", "Deteriorated mains wiring in electric models can create shock or fire hazards; wound spring motors store mechanical energy." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of phonograph this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "In American English, phonograph commonly includes disc record players; in British usage, gramophone traditionally denotes disc machines and phonograph often denotes cylinder machines.", "Historical nominal 78 rpm recordings were not universally recorded at exactly the same speed; suitable playback speed can depend on period and producer." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of phonograph this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Gramophone", "difference": "Usually denotes a disc-playing phonograph; the distinction is partly historical and regional rather than a universal separation of device classes." }, { "name": "Turntable", "difference": "Strictly the rotating record-support and drive assembly, or a playback component requiring external amplification; a phonograph denotes the sound-reproducing device more broadly." }, { "name": "Phonograph record", "difference": "The grooved sound carrier, rather than the machine that records or plays it." }, { "name": "Phonautograph", "difference": "Historically inscribed visible traces of sound without providing playback, whereas a phonograph reproduces recorded sound." }, { "name": "Magnetic tape recorder", "difference": "Stores and retrieves sound through magnetic patterns on tape rather than mechanically traced grooves." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of phonograph this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.phonograph denote historical cylinder phonographs specifically, or the broader class including disc gramophones and electrical record players?", "Which existing Vercy models cover gramophones, record players, turntables or sound-recording machines, and where should shared concepts be linked rather than duplicated?", "Which authoritative manuals establish carrier dimensions, speed ranges, groove compatibility and needle replacement practices for the variants retained in scope?", "Which standards and issuing bodies apply to electrical safety and playback measurements for relevant variants, and which historical machines require manufacturer-specific evidence?", "What evidence is sufficient to approve playback of fragile or unique recordings, and when should access instead require a conservation specialist or a different playback system?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a phonograph, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify a phonograph, assess its compatibility and condition, and determine how it may safely reproduce or, where supported, record sound.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Seeburg 1000, turntable, Reel-to-reel and record player combination, Amberola, Archéophone, Shorinophone, Vega 109, Thorens TD124, vertical record-player, linear-tracking turntable, both-sides playing record player, Caravella.", "14 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a phonograph, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Seeburg 1000", "turntable", "Reel-to-reel and record player combination", "Amberola", "Archéophone", "Shorinophone", "Vega 109", "Thorens TD124", "vertical record-player", "linear-tracking turntable", "both-sides playing record player", "Caravella" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 14 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one phonograph from another, and a phonograph from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a phonograph sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a phonograph from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a phonograph is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a phonograph is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a phonograph is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a phonograph is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a phonograph is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a phonograph is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a phonograph passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a phonograph between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a phonograph, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a phonograph is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What phonograph is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does phonograph perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise phonograph, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How phonograph is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does phonograph have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does phonograph need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about phonograph is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about phonograph hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern phonograph, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a phonograph came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a phonograph and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a phonograph is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a phonograph, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a phonograph, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a phonograph is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }