isomerase
Let an agent explain isomerases and their classification, relay examples and mechanisms from biochemistry references, describe roles in metabolism and DNA, and distinguish isomerases from other enzyme classes.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain isomerases and their classification, relay examples and mechanisms from biochemistry references, describe roles in metabolism and DNA, and distinguish isomerases from other enzyme classes.
An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of a molecule into one of its isomers by rearranging bonds without changing the molecular formula, classified as EC 5 in enzyme nomenclature and including racemases and epimerases such as tartrate epimerase, intramolecular oxidoreductases, intramolecular transferases or mutases such as phosphoglycerate mutase, intramolecular lyases, and topoisomerases that change DNA topology; isomerases act in glycolysis, DNA replication and many metabolic pathways.
What it is for: Not applicable; an enzyme class.
It can be explain the class and subclasses; relay examples and mechanisms; describe biological roles; distinguish from other classes.
Distinguishing features
Intramolecular rearrangement
Same molecular formula
Six subclasses
Metabolic and DNA roles
What it looks like
Not a visible object; proteins in cells.
Physical character
EC class: 5 number
subclasses: 6 count - EC 5.1 to 5.6
How it is recognised
EC 5 enzymes converting isomers
Racemases, epimerases, mutases, cis-trans isomerases, topoisomerases
Lyases break bonds without hydrolysis; transferases move groups between molecules; some registry aliases such as fumarate lyase and microtubule-severing ATPase belong to other classes
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is classified under - as EC 5
includes - acting on DNA
acts in - through several steps
In practice
Families and kinds
racemases and epimerases, EC 5.1
cis-trans isomerases, EC 5.2
intramolecular oxidoreductases such as triosephosphate isomerase, EC 5.3
intramolecular transferases or mutases such as phosphoglycerate mutase, EC 5.4
intramolecular lyases, EC 5.5
isomerases altering macromolecular conformation including topoisomerases, EC 5.6
Identifiers
EC 5 isomerases
GO GO:0016853 isomerase activity
Standards and regulation
IUBMB enzyme nomenclature
No regulation of the concept
Failure modes and hazards
Misclassifying enzymes across EC classes
Confusing isomerases with lyases and transferases
Registry aliases that belong to other classes
Also called
+333
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What isomerases are.
Science.
Definition
Definition and classification.
Definition
Definition.
- What is an isomerase, and how are the six subclasses defined? definition
- Is the enzyme an isomerase or a member of another EC class? boundary
Examples
Examples.
Examples
Examples.
- What do phosphoglycerate mutase, tartrate epimerase, triosephosphate isomerase and topoisomerases do? definition
- Which entry fits the specific enzyme? action
Mechanism Mechanisms.
Science.
Catalysis
Catalytic mechanisms.
Catalysis
Catalysis.
- How do isomerases rearrange bonds, and what cofactors do they use? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Topology
DNA topology.
Topology
Topology.
- How do topoisomerases change DNA supercoiling, and why are they drug targets? provenance
- Which entry fits topoisomerase? action
Biology Biological roles.
Science.
Metabolism
Metabolism.
Metabolism
Metabolism.
- Where do isomerases act in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and other metabolism? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Medicine
Medicine and industry.
Medicine
Medicine.
- How are isomerases targeted by drugs and used in industry such as glucose isomerase for high-fructose syrup? provenance
- Which entry fits glucose isomerase? action
Context Nomenclature and history.
Context.
Nomenclature
Nomenclature.
Nomenclature
Nomenclature.
- How does the EC system classify enzymes, and why is EC 5.6 a recent addition? provenance
- Which entry fits Enzyme Commission number? action
History
History.
History
History.
- How were isomerases discovered and characterised? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of enzymology? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should topoisomerase be a separate primary entry?
- How should enzyme databases be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases including non-isomerase enzymes; should they be corrected?