dermatochalasis

Redundant eyelid skin

Dermatochalasis denotes loose, redundant eyelid skin and can affect upper or lower lids. [AAO EyeWiki: Dermatochalasis](https://eyewiki.aao.org/Dermatochalasis)

1. What examination evidence identifies redundant skin on each affected eyelid? definition
2. Who documented the finding, when, and using which examination or images? provenance

Fold location and extent

Describe each eyelid separately, identifying the skin edge, anatomical landmarks and observation conditions.

1. Which upper or lower eyelids have medial, central, lateral or diffuse redundancy? measurement
2. Where does the redundant skin edge lie relative to the lashes and other named landmarks with gaze and brow position documented? measurement

Separate anatomical contributors

Brow descent, blepharoptosis and orbital fat prominence require separate assessment and may coexist with skin redundancy. [AAO EyeWiki: Dermatochalasis](https://eyewiki.aao.org/Dermatochalasis)

1. After the examiner accounts for the overhanging skin, is the upper eyelid margin independently low? boundary
2. How much of the observed hooding or fullness is attributed to brow position, skin excess, fat or an unresolved structure? boundary

Persistent versus episodic change

The record should distinguish stable or progressive skin redundancy from episodes of swelling and document prior periocular interventions.

1. When was skin redundancy first noticed, and what dated evidence shows progression or stability? provenance
2. Does recurrent swelling, abrupt change or prior surgery require assessment of an additional condition before attribution is settled? boundary

Burden and attribution

Reported concerns can include visual interference, heaviness, skin-fold irritation and appearance. Record each independently. [AAO EyeWiki: Dermatochalasis](https://eyewiki.aao.org/Dermatochalasis)

1. Which activities or appearance concerns are affected, how often, and on which side? measurement
2. What supports attributing each concern to redundant skin rather than another ocular or periocular condition? boundary

Supported and unsupported comparison

Photography and visual-field testing with and without skin elevation can document functional effects. [AAO EyeWiki: Dermatochalasis](https://eyewiki.aao.org/Dermatochalasis)

1. What visual-field results were obtained under unsupported and supported conditions, using which protocol and reliability criteria? measurement
2. Did support also move the brow or eyelid margin, limiting attribution of the measured change to skin alone? boundary

Assessment before intervention

Ophthalmic assessment informs management; blepharoplasty is a treatment option. The model records decisions rather than prescribing surgery. [AAO EyeWiki: Dermatochalasis](https://eyewiki.aao.org/Dermatochalasis)

1. Is the person's priority visual function, comfort, appearance or a documented combination? action
2. What ocular-surface, eyelid-closure or coexisting anatomical findings must the clinician address before selecting an intervention? action

Residual redundancy and goal response

Track skin redundancy, reported burden and functional evidence over time, recording any concurrent brow or ptosis treatment.

1. At what follow-up interval were skin appearance, symptoms and relevant functional measurements reassessed against baseline? measurement
2. Do persistent concerns, recurrent redundancy or new closure difficulties require reassessment, and who owns that next action? action

Check these first

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these check these first hold for the sense of dermatochalasis this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Kinds and varieties

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of dermatochalasis this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Identifiers and schemes

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of dermatochalasis this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Real-world use

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of dermatochalasis this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Typical measurements

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of dermatochalasis this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Failure modes and hazards

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of dermatochalasis this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Regional variation

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of dermatochalasis this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

1. Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of dermatochalasis this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance