viviparity
Let an agent explain viviparity and its forms, relay its distribution and evolution from zoological sources, describe mechanisms of nourishment, and distinguish viviparity from oviparity, ovoviviparity and live birth in plants.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain viviparity and its forms, relay its distribution and evolution from zoological sources, describe mechanisms of nourishment, and distinguish viviparity from oviparity, ovoviviparity and live birth in plants.
A mode of animal reproduction in which the embryo develops inside the body of the parent and is born live, rather than hatching from an egg laid outside, found in nearly all mammals and independently evolved in many reptiles, fishes, amphibians and invertebrates, ranging from simple retention of eggs to placental nourishment, and including specialised forms such as adenotrophic viviparity in tsetse flies where larvae are fed by glandular secretions; the Sanskrit term jarayuja names the viviparous class of beings in Indian classification.
What it is for: Not applicable; a reproductive mode.
It can be explain forms; relay distribution and evolution; describe nourishment mechanisms; distinguish from oviparity.
Distinguishing features
Internal development
Live birth
Multiple independent origins
Range of nourishment
What it looks like
Not a visible object; live birth of developed young.
Physical character
independent origins in squamate reptiles: over 100 count - estimates
viviparous mammals: all except monotremes note
How it is recognised
Live birth after internal development
Placental viviparity, lecithotrophic viviparity, adenotrophic viviparity in tsetse flies
Oviparity lays eggs; ovoviviparity retains eggs without nourishment; vivipary in plants is seed germination on the parent
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is contrasted with - egg laying
is contrasted with - egg retention without nourishment
involves - in placental forms
In practice
Families and kinds
placental viviparity in therian mammals
viviparity in squamate reptiles
viviparity in sharks, rays and some bony fishes
viviparity in amphibians such as some caecilians and salamanders
adenotrophic viviparity in tsetse flies and related insects
viviparity in other invertebrates such as some scorpions and aphids
Standards and regulation
No regulation; zoological terminology conventions
Failure modes and hazards
Confusing viviparity with ovoviviparity
Assuming viviparity is limited to mammals
Mixing the plant sense of vivipary
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What viviparity is.
Science.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is viviparity, and how does it differ from oviparity and ovoviviparity? definition
- Is the question about animal viviparity or plant vivipary? boundary
Forms
Forms.
Forms
Forms.
- What are placental, lecithotrophic and adenotrophic viviparity? definition
- Which entry fits the specific form? action
Biology Distribution and mechanisms.
Science.
Distribution
Distribution.
Distribution
Distribution.
- Which animal groups are viviparous, and how does viviparity occur in reptiles, fishes, amphibians and insects? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Mechanisms
Nourishment mechanisms.
Mechanisms
Mechanisms.
- How are embryos nourished, from yolk to placentas and glandular secretions? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Evolution Evolution.
Science.
Origins
Origins.
Origins
Origins.
- Why has viviparity evolved so many times, and what hypotheses explain it, with positions attributed? provenance
- Which entry fits the evolution of reproduction? action
Tradeoffs
Costs and benefits.
Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs.
- What are the costs and benefits of viviparity compared with egg laying? provenance
- Which entry fits life history theory? action
Context Culture and classification.
Context.
Classification
Classifications.
Classification
Classification.
- How do traditional classifications such as the Indian jarayuja treat viviparous beings? provenance
- Which entry fits Indian classification of beings? action
History
History.
History
History.
- How did Aristotle and later naturalists classify modes of reproduction? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of zoology? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should ovoviviparity and adenotrophic viviparity be separate entries?
- How should zoological sources be linked?
- How should the Sanskrit classification term be linked?