{ "model": { "rank": 2053, "code": "thing-q12190", "model_id": "vr.tr.penicillin", "name": "penicillin", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a penicillin substance or preparation, assess its documented condition and suitability, and determine which handling or use actions are supported by evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q12190/", "tier": 2, "score": 117, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "6-{[2-amino-1-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid", "amoxicillin", "piperacillin", "6-{[3-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid", "4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-[[(2-ethoxy-1-naphthalenyl)carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, [2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta)]-", "nafcillin", "dicloxacillin", "ampicillin", "ticarcillin", "aspoxicillin", "3,3-dimethyl-6-[[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)-oxomethyl]amino]-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid", "Alpen", "oxacillin", "biosynthetic penicillin", "propicillin", "levopropylcillin" ], "aliasCount": 16, "merged": 16, "knownIn": 117, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q12190", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12190", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:32:24Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00354756, "turns": 1, "seconds": 24.3, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 92.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b34-ca22-7430-8a5c-21f95b8d94f0\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: penicillin\nRegistry id: vr.tr.penicillin\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA V" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q12190", "registryId": "vr.tr.penicillin", "name": "penicillin", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12190/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.penicillin", "name": "penicillin", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a penicillin substance or preparation, assess its documented condition and suitability, and determine which handling or use actions are supported by evidence.", "definition": "Penicillin is a class of β-lactam antibiotics produced by Penicillium moulds or made semisynthetically from 6-aminopenicillanic acid, which kill or inhibit bacteria by blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking in the cell wall.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity, composition, formulation, potency, condition and documented action constraints of material registered as penicillin, while preserving uncertainty about whether the registry term denotes a particular compound or the broader antibiotic family.", "in_scope": [ "Resolution of the name penicillin to a documented compound, family member or preparation", "Chemical form, active components and formulation of the represented material", "Penicillin content, biological potency and the evidence supporting their assessment", "Storage history, degradation, contamination and preparation state", "Product-specific handling and use constraints, including unresolved evidence" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Patient diagnosis, allergy assessment and individualized prescribing", "Microorganism identity and complete antimicrobial susceptibility profiles", "Manufacturing facilities, fermentation processes and production organisms", "Complete treatment regimens and clinical outcome evaluation", "Pharmacy inventory transactions and distribution operations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require a documented active-ingredient identity before treating a material labelled penicillin as a specific penicillin compound.", "Distinguish penicillin family membership from the broader beta-lactam category using an authoritative chemical classification.", "Distinguish penicillin G, penicillin V and other named penicillins through their recorded chemical identities rather than treating their names as interchangeable.", "Separate the active penicillin from its salt form, excipients and any additional active ingredients.", "Distinguish a purified substance or formulated medicine from a penicillin-producing organism, culture or crude fermentation material." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identity resolution", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "family-level only | specific compound identified | preparation identified | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which claims can safely attach to the registry entry and which require a more specific identity." }, { "name": "Penicillin identity and chemical form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented compound name, identifier and salt or other chemical form; unknown where unsupported", "why_it_matters": "Prevents substitution based only on the shared penicillin name." }, { "name": "Preparation composition", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to active ingredients, excipients and their declared quantities", "why_it_matters": "Separates properties of penicillin itself from properties of a combination or formulated product." }, { "name": "Physical and preparation form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented form, such as bulk substance, tablet, powder for reconstitution, solution or suspension", "why_it_matters": "Determines which preparation, sampling and handling questions apply." }, { "name": "Declared strength or measured content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass per mass, volume or dosage unit, with chemical basis, method and date", "why_it_matters": "Makes quantity interpretable without confusing total preparation mass with active penicillin content." }, { "name": "Biological potency", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Reported activity units with assay method, reference standard, sample identity and date", "why_it_matters": "Keeps measured activity distinct from nominal strength and chemical content." }, { "name": "Storage and preparation history", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked temperature and exposure records, opening events, reconstitution events and applicable instructions", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of whether evidence for the material's current condition still applies." }, { "name": "Quality disposition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | accepted for specified purpose | quarantined | rejected | expired under applicable instructions", "why_it_matters": "Connects available quality evidence to an explicit decision for a stated purpose." }, { "name": "Antimicrobial applicability evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to exact agent, organism or isolate, susceptibility method, interpretive standard and date", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a general antibiotic label from being treated as evidence of effectiveness in a particular context." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a penicillin label against authoritative compound and product records.", "Compare preparations for documented differences in identity, strength, formulation and permitted route.", "Request or record identity, content, potency and relevant quality testing.", "Assess storage or reconstitution history against instructions for the exact preparation.", "Flag unsupported substitution, uncertain condition or missing use prerequisites for review.", "Select an evidence-supported handling, quarantine or disposal action within the agent's authority." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "who-eml-penicillins", "title": "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines - 23rd List (2023)", "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2023.02", "what_it_supports": "Clinical grouping of penicillins as essential antibacterials and named members used in practice.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q12190", "title": "penicillin (Q12190)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12190", "what_it_supports": "Canonical identifier and aliases for the chemical/pharmacological class.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "penicillin-identity", "name": "Penicillin identity", "description": "Establishes what the registry name and the represented material actually denote.", "rationale": "The unqualified name penicillin does not supply enough detail to infer a unique compound or preparation.", "layers": [ { "id": "registry-meaning", "name": "Registry meaning", "description": "Resolves the intended level of the registered concept without creating unsupported registry splits.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-resolution", "name": "Name resolution", "description": "Records evidence for interpreting penicillin as a family term, a specific substance or a preparation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does vr.tr.penicillin denote the penicillin family, a particular compound, or a context-dependent common name?", "kind": "definition", "id": "name-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "Which registry authority or source establishes that interpretation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "name-resolution-q02" }, { "text": "Which distinctions belong within this entry, and which already have authoritative neighbouring models?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "name-resolution-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-identification", "name": "Material identification", "description": "Connects a label or sample to a specific active substance and chemical form.", "findings": [ { "id": "compound-and-form", "name": "Compound and form", "description": "Separates the penicillin compound, its chemical form and the surrounding preparation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exact penicillin compound and chemical form are declared for this material?", "kind": "definition", "id": "compound-and-form-q01" }, { "text": "What label, certificate or analytical evidence supports that identity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "compound-and-form-q02" }, { "text": "Does the material contain only that active ingredient, or additional active substances that require linked identities?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "compound-and-form-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "formulation-and-preparation", "name": "Formulation and preparation", "description": "Describes how the identified penicillin is presented and prepared for its stated purpose.", "rationale": "Preparation-specific properties and instructions cannot be inferred from the penicillin family name.", "layers": [ { "id": "composition-and-strength", "name": "Composition and strength", "description": "Makes the declared contents and strength basis explicit.", "findings": [ { "id": "strength-basis", "name": "Strength basis", "description": "Records what a labelled quantity measures and how it relates to the complete preparation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What quantity of active penicillin is declared per dosage unit, mass or volume?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "strength-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Is the declared strength expressed as compound mass, an equivalent amount of active moiety, or biological activity units?", "kind": "definition", "id": "strength-basis-q02" }, { "text": "Which formulation components affect interpretation of the preparation's handling or use instructions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "strength-basis-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "preparation-state", "name": "Preparation state", "description": "Tracks the difference between supplied material and material that has been opened or prepared.", "findings": [ { "id": "reconstitution-and-route", "name": "Reconstitution and route", "description": "Links preparation events and intended route to instructions for the exact product.", "questions": [ { "text": "What physical form and intended route are documented for this exact preparation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "reconstitution-and-route-q01" }, { "text": "If reconstitution or dilution occurred, what diluent, quantity, resulting concentration and event time were recorded?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reconstitution-and-route-q02" }, { "text": "Which product instructions govern whether further preparation or use is permitted?", "kind": "action", "id": "reconstitution-and-route-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-potency-and-quality", "name": "Content, potency and quality", "description": "Separates declared strength from measured identity, content, activity and quality.", "rationale": "An agent needs evidence about the actual material before treating its label as proof of current suitability.", "layers": [ { "id": "analytical-evidence", "name": "Analytical evidence", "description": "Records what was measured, how it was measured and which material the result represents.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-versus-activity", "name": "Content versus activity", "description": "Keeps chemical assay results and biological potency results interpretable on their own terms.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which identity, chemical content or biological activity measurements are available for this batch or sample?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "content-versus-activity-q01" }, { "text": "What methods, reference standards, dates and sampling records support those measurements?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "content-versus-activity-q02" }, { "text": "If mass and activity units are compared, what source validates that comparison for the identified penicillin and assay basis?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "content-versus-activity-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "quality-acceptance", "name": "Quality acceptance", "description": "Relates relevant quality results to a specified material and intended purpose.", "findings": [ { "id": "quality-disposition", "name": "Quality disposition", "description": "Records whether evidence supports acceptance, quarantine or rejection under applicable requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which impurity, contamination and, where applicable, sterility requirements govern this penicillin preparation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "quality-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "Which relevant results meet, fail or have not been assessed against those requirements?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "quality-disposition-q02" }, { "text": "What disposition is supported by the results, and who has authority to make it?", "kind": "action", "id": "quality-disposition-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-handling", "name": "Stability and handling", "description": "Assesses whether the material's history remains compatible with its documented condition limits.", "rationale": "The applicable storage and usable-period evidence must match the particular penicillin form and preparation state.", "layers": [ { "id": "stability-basis", "name": "Stability basis", "description": "Identifies the conditions under which documented shelf life or prepared-material limits apply.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-limits", "name": "Condition limits", "description": "Records preparation-specific storage, packaging and time limits without assuming a universal penicillin rule.", "questions": [ { "text": "What storage conditions and usable period are documented for this chemical form, formulation and container?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "condition-limits-q01" }, { "text": "Which limits change after opening, reconstitution or dilution?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "condition-limits-q02" }, { "text": "What expiry or preparation-dependent deadline applies to the material now?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-limits-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-and-response", "name": "Exposure and response", "description": "Relates observed handling events to remaining confidence in material quality.", "findings": [ { "id": "excursion-assessment", "name": "Excursion assessment", "description": "Captures exposure deviations, visible changes and the evidence needed for a handling decision.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature excursions, moisture exposure, container damage or preparation deviations are documented?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "excursion-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence determines whether an observed appearance change is acceptable for this preparation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "excursion-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "Do the documented deviations support continued handling, require quarantine or justify disposal under applicable instructions?", "kind": "action", "id": "excursion-assessment-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "antimicrobial-use-boundaries", "name": "Antimicrobial use boundaries", "description": "Connects the exact penicillin preparation to evidence and prerequisites for a proposed use.", "rationale": "Material suitability, antimicrobial applicability and patient-specific authorization are separate decisions that an agent must connect explicitly.", "layers": [ { "id": "activity-context", "name": "Activity context", "description": "Limits antimicrobial claims to the named agent and supporting organism-specific evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "susceptibility-evidence", "name": "Susceptibility evidence", "description": "Records the scope and limits of evidence that a particular penicillin has relevant antimicrobial activity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which exact penicillin and organism or isolate does the available activity evidence concern?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "susceptibility-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What test method, result and dated interpretive standard support any susceptibility classification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "susceptibility-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What additional clinical or experimental context is required before that result can support the proposed use?", "kind": "action", "id": "susceptibility-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-prerequisites", "name": "Use prerequisites", "description": "Defines the handoff from material assessment to authorized clinical or laboratory decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "authorization-and-substitution", "name": "Authorization and substitution", "description": "Records preparation-specific constraints and linked assessments needed before use or replacement.", "questions": [ { "text": "What intended-use and route restrictions are documented for this exact product or substance grade?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authorization-and-substitution-q01" }, { "text": "For a proposed clinical use, which linked assessment establishes patient-specific suitability, including relevant allergy history?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "authorization-and-substitution-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence and authorization are required before substituting another penicillin compound, salt or formulation?", "kind": "action", "id": "authorization-and-substitution-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "benzylpenicillin (penicillin G)", "phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)", "procaine benzylpenicillin", "benzathine benzylpenicillin", "ampicillin", "amoxicillin", "piperacillin", "flucloxacillin / oxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q12190", "note": "item for penicillin as a class" }, { "scheme": "ATC", "value_or_pattern": "J01C*", "note": "WHO ATC group beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "WHO ATC/DDD: J01C penicillins", "pharmacopoeial monographs (Ph. Eur., USP) for named penicillin salts" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "first-line treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis, syphilis, and some pneumococcal infections", "surgical prophylaxis and empirical therapy in combination products (e.g. amoxicillin-clavulanate)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "typical adult oral dose (phenoxymethylpenicillin)", "typical_range": "250-500", "unit": "mg" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IgE-mediated anaphylaxis", "inactivation by bacterial β-lactamases", "renal excretion requiring dose adjustment in kidney failure" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "INN vs USAN naming (e.g. phenoxymethylpenicillin vs penicillin V)", "availability of benzathine penicillin for syphilis control varies by country" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "cephalosporins", "difference": "also β-lactams but 6-membered dihydrothiazine ring; generally broader Gram-negative coverage and different allergic cross-reactivity rates" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of penicillin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend penicillin to mean the antibiotic family, a particular natural penicillin, or another explicitly bounded concept?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept or any of the distinctions proposed here?", "Which authoritative compound records, pharmacopoeial standards and product documents should govern identity, strength and quality for the intended scope?", "Which preparation-specific stability, reconstitution and compatibility evidence must be represented for the actual materials the model will encounter?", "Which jurisdiction and operational setting determine permitted use, substitution, disposal and the required handoff to clinical or laboratory authority?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 38 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a penicillin, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify a penicillin substance or preparation, assess its documented condition and suitability, and determine which handling or use actions are supported by evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: 6-{[2-amino-1-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, amoxicillin, piperacillin, 6-{[3-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-[[(2-ethoxy-1-naphthalenyl)carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, [2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta)]-, nafcillin, dicloxacillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, aspoxicillin, 3,3-dimethyl-6-[[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)-oxomethyl]amino]-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, Alpen.", "16 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 117 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a penicillin, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "6-{[2-amino-1-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid", "amoxicillin", "piperacillin", "6-{[3-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid", "4-Thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-[[(2-ethoxy-1-naphthalenyl)carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, [2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta)]-", "nafcillin", "dicloxacillin", "ampicillin", "ticarcillin", "aspoxicillin", "3,3-dimethyl-6-[[(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)-oxomethyl]amino]-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid", "Alpen" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 117 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 16 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one penicillin from another, and a penicillin from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a penicillin sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a penicillin from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a penicillin is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a penicillin is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a penicillin is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a penicillin is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a penicillin is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a penicillin is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a penicillin passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a penicillin between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a penicillin, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a penicillin is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What penicillin is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does penicillin perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise penicillin, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How penicillin is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does penicillin have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does penicillin need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about penicillin is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about penicillin hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern penicillin, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a penicillin came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a penicillin and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a penicillin is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a penicillin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a penicillin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a penicillin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }