{ "model": { "rank": 4749, "code": "thing-q122811", "model_id": "vr.tr.xylem", "name": "xylem", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise xylem, assess its development and water-conducting condition, and choose justified observations or interventions in its plant context.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q122811/", "tier": 2, "score": 73, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 73, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.xylem", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q122811", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122811", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:55:33Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087f3-5194-76d1-80c0-a152ad90cac7\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: xylem\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registere", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 68, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087f3-51a8-7012-922a-5b2952fc62c6\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: xylem\nRegistry id: vr.tr.xylem\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q122811", "registryId": "vr.tr.xylem", "name": "xylem", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q122811/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.xylem", "name": "xylem", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise xylem, assess its development and water-conducting condition, and choose justified observations or interventions in its plant context.", "definition": "Xylem is the complex vascular tissue of vascular plants that conducts water and dissolved mineral nutrients, chiefly from roots toward shoots, and also contributes to mechanical support and storage.", "scope_statement": "This model owns xylem as a plant vascular tissue, including its conducting and associated cells, developmental organisation, hydraulic function, mechanical contribution and condition; it does not treat xylem as an organism or taxon.", "in_scope": [ "Xylem identity and location within a specified plant organ", "Conducting cells, associated living cells, fibres and their spatial organisation", "Primary and secondary xylem development and maturation", "Water and dissolved-mineral transport through connected xylem pathways", "Hydraulic impairment, tissue damage and contributions to support and storage" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Whole-plant taxonomy, conservation status and life history", "Phloem structure and transport as a separate vascular tissue", "Soil water supply, root uptake and stomatal regulation except as boundary conditions", "Whole-organ anatomy beyond what establishes xylem position and connections", "Harvested timber processing, grading and commercial use" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify tracheary elements with characteristic secondary wall thickening and pits; mature conducting elements lack living protoplasts, unlike functional phloem sieve elements.", "Distinguish vessel elements connected through perforations from tracheids that exchange water through pits; do not require vessels for a tissue to qualify as xylem.", "Establish tissue organisation and developmental context: lignified walls alone also occur in non-xylem supporting tissues.", "Distinguish xylem from wood as a narrower usage: wood is secondary xylem, while primary xylem also belongs in this model.", "Separate the tissue from its contents: xylem sap is transported fluid, not the cell network that contains it." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Plant and organ context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Host plant identity; root, stem, leaf or other organ; sampled position", "why_it_matters": "Anatomy and hydraulic interpretation depend on where the tissue occurs." }, { "name": "Developmental class", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Primary xylem: protoxylem or metaxylem; secondary xylem; mixed; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Separates tissue formed in different growth contexts and prevents treating all xylem as wood." }, { "name": "Cell composition", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed presence and distribution of tracheids, vessel elements, xylem parenchyma and fibres", "why_it_matters": "Establishes the components responsible for conduction, storage and support without assuming every component is present." }, { "name": "Conduit dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Lumen diameter in µm; element length in µm or mm; connected vessel length where separately established", "why_it_matters": "Supports anatomical comparison and hydraulic interpretation while distinguishing a cell from a multicellular vessel." }, { "name": "Pit and perforation architecture", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Pit distribution and membrane features; perforation presence and type; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Characterises connections between conduits and distinguishes their different routes for water passage." }, { "name": "Hydraulic conductance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg s^-1 MPa^-1 for a defined segment, with length, temperature and protocol recorded", "why_it_matters": "Quantifies transport capacity only when the measured tissue extent and conditions are explicit." }, { "name": "Xylem water potential", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "MPa, with measurement method, location and time", "why_it_matters": "Places hydraulic condition in its immediate water-status context." }, { "name": "Conducting condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Developing, conducting, embolised, occluded, damaged, nonconducting or unresolved; states may coexist spatially", "why_it_matters": "Prevents tissue identity from being mistaken for evidence of current transport." }, { "name": "Loss of hydraulic conductivity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percent relative to an explicitly defined reference conductivity", "why_it_matters": "Expresses impairment while preserving the reference and method needed to interpret it." } ], "affordances": [ "Locate and classify xylem in a plant section using anatomical and developmental evidence.", "Map conducting elements and their connections across a defined tissue region.", "Select anatomical or hydraulic measurements appropriate to the organ, scale and question.", "Assess whether reduced transport is consistent with embolism, occlusion, damage or incomplete maturation.", "Compare xylem condition across positions or times using compatible methods and explicit reference states.", "Evaluate sampling or treatment proposals for likely effects on the remaining conducting pathway." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "xylem-identity-and-position", "name": "Xylem identity and position", "description": "Establishes which tissue is xylem and where the modelled region begins and ends.", "rationale": "Xylem must be distinguished from neighbouring tissues and located within an actual plant before its condition can be interpreted.", "layers": [ { "id": "tissue-recognition", "name": "Tissue recognition", "description": "Tests identification using cell features and anatomical context.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-for-xylem", "name": "Evidence for xylem", "description": "Record the observed tracheary elements and tissue organisation supporting identification rather than relying on lignification alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed cell and wall features support identifying this region as xylem?", "kind": "definition", "id": "evidence-for-xylem-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence separates this region from adjacent phloem or nonvascular supporting tissue?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "evidence-for-xylem-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "organ-location", "name": "Organ location", "description": "Places the identified tissue within the host and its vascular pathways.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-xylem-region", "name": "Bounded xylem region", "description": "Record the host, organ, sampled extent and connections represented by this instance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which plant, organ and anatomical position supplied the observation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "bounded-xylem-region-q01" }, { "text": "Does this instance represent a section, a segment, a vascular bundle's xylem or a larger connected pathway?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-xylem-region-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cellular-transport-architecture", "name": "Cellular transport architecture", "description": "Describes the cells and connections that form the local conducting network.", "rationale": "Transport depends on conduit geometry and connectivity, while other xylem cells contribute functions that cannot be inferred from conduits alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "conducting-elements", "name": "Conducting elements", "description": "Distinguishes conduit types and the scales at which their dimensions are measured.", "findings": [ { "id": "conduit-types-and-dimensions", "name": "Conduit types and dimensions", "description": "Record tracheids and vessel elements where observed, keeping element length distinct from connected vessel length.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are tracheids, vessel elements or both demonstrated in this tissue?", "kind": "definition", "id": "conduit-types-and-dimensions-q01" }, { "text": "What are the measured lumen dimensions and lengths, and do those lengths describe cells or connected vessels?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conduit-types-and-dimensions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "connections-and-associated-cells", "name": "Connections and associated cells", "description": "Examines routes between conduits and the organisation of nonconducting cellular components.", "findings": [ { "id": "network-and-cellular-support", "name": "Network and cellular support", "description": "Record pits, perforations, parenchyma and fibres without assuming their presence or arrangement from a generic xylem diagram.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which conduit connections use pits, and where are perforations observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "network-and-cellular-support-q01" }, { "text": "Where are parenchyma and fibres located relative to the conduits, and what evidence supports proposed storage or support roles?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "network-and-cellular-support-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "xylem-development-and-maturation", "name": "Xylem development and maturation", "description": "Relates tissue origin and cellular maturation to the observed xylem state.", "rationale": "Developing, mature and older nonconducting xylem require different interpretations even when they occupy adjacent regions.", "layers": [ { "id": "developmental-origin", "name": "Developmental origin", "description": "Separates primary xylem from secondary xylem and identifies relevant subdivisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "primary-or-secondary-xylem", "name": "Primary or secondary xylem", "description": "Record developmental identity from anatomical or developmental evidence, including protoxylem and metaxylem where applicable.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence identifies this region as primary xylem, secondary xylem or a mixture?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "primary-or-secondary-xylem-q01" }, { "text": "If primary xylem is present, how are protoxylem and metaxylem distinguished in this organ?", "kind": "definition", "id": "primary-or-secondary-xylem-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "maturation-and-persistence", "name": "Maturation and persistence", "description": "Separates cell viability, conducting maturity and continued tissue function.", "findings": [ { "id": "cell-state-versus-tissue-function", "name": "Cell state versus tissue function", "description": "Distinguish the normal loss of living contents in mature tracheary elements from injury, while recording living associated cells and current conduction separately.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cells are still differentiating, which are mature tracheary elements and which associated cells remain alive?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cell-state-versus-tissue-function-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence shows whether mature regions still conduct water, including any proposed sapwood or heartwood distinction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cell-state-versus-tissue-function-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hydraulic-function-and-context", "name": "Hydraulic function and context", "description": "Connects observed water transport to driving conditions and explicit measurement scales.", "rationale": "Anatomical capacity, measured conductance and actual flow are different properties and must be recorded separately.", "layers": [ { "id": "flow-and-driving-conditions", "name": "Flow and driving conditions", "description": "Relates movement through xylem to water status at defined locations and times.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-water-transport", "name": "Observed water transport", "description": "Record evidence of flow and its direction alongside relevant water-potential observations rather than assuming a fixed flow from tissue identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What flow rate or sap-flux measurement is available, and what tissue area and time interval does it represent?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-water-transport-q01" }, { "text": "Which water-potential measurements and plant conditions support interpreting the observed direction and magnitude of flow?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-water-transport-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transport-capacity", "name": "Transport capacity", "description": "Makes hydraulic measurements interpretable and comparable.", "findings": [ { "id": "defined-hydraulic-measurement", "name": "Defined hydraulic measurement", "description": "Record whether the result is segment conductance or a normalised conductivity, together with its protocol and normalisation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What hydraulic quantity was measured, in which units, and with which length or area normalisation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "defined-hydraulic-measurement-q01" }, { "text": "How were the segment prepared and measured, including temperature, solution and imposed pressure conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "defined-hydraulic-measurement-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "impairment-and-assessment-actions", "name": "Impairment and assessment actions", "description": "Assesses loss of function and selects observations or interventions appropriate to the tissue.", "rationale": "Reduced conduction has multiple possible causes, and sampling can itself change the hydraulic state being investigated.", "layers": [ { "id": "hydraulic-impairment", "name": "Hydraulic impairment", "description": "Separates evidence of transport loss from explanations for that loss.", "findings": [ { "id": "cause-and-extent-of-impairment", "name": "Cause and extent of impairment", "description": "Record embolism, occlusion, physical damage and incomplete maturation as distinguishable hypotheses or observations, with spatial extent and uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence distinguishes gas-filled conduits, physical occlusions, tissue damage and immature conducting elements?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cause-and-extent-of-impairment-q01" }, { "text": "How much conducting capacity is lost, and which measured reference defines that loss?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cause-and-extent-of-impairment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sampling-and-response", "name": "Sampling and response", "description": "Chooses an assessment or response while accounting for disturbance of the conducting network.", "findings": [ { "id": "justified-next-action", "name": "Justified next action", "description": "Select observations or interventions from the unresolved diagnosis and host context, with a way to distinguish real change from measurement artefact.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which next observation would best distinguish the remaining explanations for this xylem state?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-next-action-q01" }, { "text": "How could cutting, excision or imposed pressure alter the state being measured, and how will the assessment account for that?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-next-action-q02" }, { "text": "What host-specific evidence supports a proposed intervention, and which subsequent measurement would establish its effect?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-next-action-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The sense covered is plant vascular tissue, not an organism or taxon; taxonomic authorities and conservation assessments do not apply.", "Conducting tracheary elements are dead at functional maturity, but xylem also contains living cells, notably parenchyma.", "Dimensions and hydraulic measurements require a specified species, organ, developmental stage and method; no universal typical range is supplied." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of xylem this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Primary xylem, derived from procambium", "Secondary xylem, produced by vascular cambium", "Protoxylem, the first-formed primary xylem", "Metaxylem, the later-formed primary xylem" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of xylem this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Secondary xylem supplies wood for construction, paper production and fuel.", "Xylem anatomy helps identify wood and interpret plant relationships.", "Xylem growth rings provide evidence used in dendrochronology.", "Xylem hydraulic properties inform studies of drought tolerance and irrigation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of xylem this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Drought can induce cavitation and embolism, reducing water transport.", "Freezing and thawing can produce embolisms in conducting cells.", "Vascular pathogens can impair xylem transport through colonization and host responses.", "Decay or physical damage can compromise transport and mechanical support." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of xylem this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Seasonal climates can produce pronounced differences between earlywood and latewood in secondary xylem.", "Xylem anatomy and vulnerability to drought or freezing vary among species and environments." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of xylem this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "phloem", "difference": "Phloem transports assimilates, including sugars, between sources and sinks; xylem primarily transports water and mineral nutrients." }, { "name": "wood", "difference": "Wood is secondary xylem; xylem also includes primary xylem." }, { "name": "vascular cambium", "difference": "Vascular cambium is a meristem that produces secondary xylem inward and secondary phloem outward." }, { "name": "tracheid", "difference": "A tracheid is one type of water-conducting cell within xylem; xylem is the tissue containing conducting and other cell types." }, { "name": "vessel element", "difference": "A vessel element is a conducting cell that joins others through perforations to form a vessel; it is a component of xylem." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of xylem this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which host groups and organs must the initial model support, and which anatomical distinctions need host-specific extensions?", "Which methods can reliably separate native embolism from sampling-induced artefacts for the target conduit lengths and organ sizes?", "What evidence would establish recovery of conduction in the target tissue, and distinguish refilling from production of new xylem?", "Which reference states and protocols make hydraulic impairment comparisons valid across the intended samples?", "How should mechanical support and storage contributions be assessed where conduit measurements alone cannot establish those functions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 16, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a xylem, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise xylem, assess its development and water-conducting condition, and choose justified observations or interventions in its plant context.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a xylem, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one xylem from another, and a xylem from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a xylem sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a xylem from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a xylem is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a xylem and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a xylem is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a xylem is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a xylem is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a xylem moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a xylem passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a xylem between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a xylem, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a xylem is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What xylem is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of xylem, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate xylem from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish xylem from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What xylem does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does xylem pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of xylem judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where xylem lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of xylem, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does xylem hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a xylem came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a xylem and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a xylem is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a xylem, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a xylem, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a xylem is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }