plum
Enable an agent to recognise a plum plant, distinguish its taxonomic and horticultural identity, assess its condition, and choose appropriate care or propagation actions.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an agent to recognise a plum plant, distinguish its taxonomic and horticultural identity, assess its condition, and choose appropriate care or propagation actions.
A plum is a woody flowering plant of the genus Prunus in the rose family Rosaceae belonging to a group of species commonly called plums; the same word also denotes its fleshy fruit, a drupe enclosing a hard stone.
It can be Document diagnostic plant material and resolve a plum identification with an appropriate botanical source.; Track budbreak, flowering and attached fruit development to time observations and care.; Evaluate candidate pollen donors using flowering overlap and documented compatibility.; Select propagation methods while preserving the distinction between cultivar, seedling, scion and rootstock.; Investigate symptoms and choose care actions supported by the plant's identity, stage and growing conditions.; Record a wild or cultivated occurrence without transferring its status to all plums..
Distinguishing features
Resolve the name against botanical evidence: a label containing 'plum' alone does not establish membership in the intended plant category.
Distinguish plum from neighbouring Prunus fruit groups using a combination of leaves, flowers, fruit and stone characters rather than fruit colour alone.
Distinguish a living plum plant from harvested fruit by recording the subject type and whether fruit remains attached to its parent plant.
For grafted plants, distinguish shoots arising above and below the graft union before assigning cultivar identity.
Treat cultivar labels and hybrid parentage as provenance claims requiring records or diagnostic evidence, rather than inferring them from fruit appearance.
Scope
+ Resolution of the common name to a documented taxon, cultivar or hybrid
+ Individual plum plants, including grafted scion and rootstock identities
+ Vegetative growth, flowering, pollination and attached fruit development
+ Growing conditions, seasonal development and plant health
+ Propagation, cultivation and population conservation context
- Harvested plums as food products, commodities or storage lots
- Prunes, preserves, juice and other processed foods
- Orchard businesses, land ownership and supply chains
- Timber and other detached plant materials
- Other plants called plum solely through a regional common name unless their inclusion is established
Characteristics
- Subject level
- plant category | taxon | cultivar | population | individual Prevents taxon descriptions, population assessments and individual observations from being applied interchangeably.
- Taxonomic identification
- accepted scientific name, naming authority, taxonomic source and version, identifier where verified, identification confidence The common name does not uniquely determine a species or a universal taxonomic identifier.
- Scion and rootstock identity
- documented cultivar or accession for each component; own-rooted | grafted | unknown Identity, growth behaviour and propagation decisions may depend on different components of the same plant.
- Developmental and seasonal stage
- seedling | juvenile | reproductively mature; dormant | budbreak | flowering | fruit development | leaf fall Care and vulnerability depend on both life stage and the current seasonal phase.
- Flowering overlap and compatibility
- candidate pollen donor, observed flowering interval, documented compatibility and evidence source A nearby plum cannot be assumed to provide effective pollination.
- Attached fruit and stone characters
- observed shape, skin bloom, colour, flesh texture, stone form and flesh adhesion at a recorded maturity These observations support identification and maturity assessment without treating colour as decisive.
- Seasonal cold and frost exposure
- cold accumulation with named calculation method; minimum temperature in °C with date and plant stage Cold accumulation and damaging frost are distinct processes whose effects depend on the identified plant and timing.
- Root-zone condition
- soil moisture with method, drainage condition, waterlogging duration and soil pH Root-zone observations help explain stress and guide irrigation or site changes.
- Plant health evidence
- symptom location, onset, severity, progression, diagnostic result and uncertainty Similar visible symptoms may have different causes and require different responses.
- Population origin and assessment
- location; cultivated | native | introduced | naturalised | unresolved; assessment source, date and applicable taxon Local occurrence, native range and conservation status must remain tied to a particular taxon and geographic context.
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.plum-food
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 6 bundles · 11 layers · 17 findings · 27 questions.
Plum identity Resolve what 'plum' denotes and how the subject was identified.
Plum is a common-name category whose members and horticultural identities cannot be reduced to an assumed binomial.
Botanical delimitation
Establish membership and distinguish neighbouring fruit groups.
Diagnostic identification
Record the combination of characters and reference used to identify the plant.
- Which leaf, flower, fruit and stone observations support identification as a plum rather than another Prunus fruit group? definition
- Which taxonomic source establishes the accepted name, authority and applicable identifiers, and when was it consulted? provenance
Horticultural identity
Separate cultivar identity, hybrid ancestry and graft components.
Cultivar and graft evidence
Preserve the evidence behind cultivar labels and identify which plant component each label describes.
- What nursery, accession or propagation record supports the claimed plum cultivar or hybrid parentage? provenance
- Is the observed growth from the scion, rootstock or an own-rooted plant, and where is the graft union? boundary
Seasonal development Track plum growth through dormancy, flowering and fruit development.
The meaning of a bud, flower or fruit observation depends on season, maturity and recent conditions.
Dormancy and budbreak
Relate bud development to local temperature history.
Cold exposure and bud response
Record cold accumulation separately from frost injury and avoid assuming a requirement for unidentified material.
- What cold accumulation method, weather record and observation period are available for this plum? measurement
- When did vegetative and flower buds develop, and what evidence links any injury to a particular frost event? measurement
Fruit development
Follow attached fruit from initial set to maturity or loss.
Fruit set and maturity
Interpret fruit retention and maturity using dated observations appropriate to the identified plum.
- How many flowers or young fruits were observed on the sampled branches, and how many fruits remained at later dates? measurement
- Which cultivar-appropriate observations support maturity assessment, and when does detached fruit pass to a harvested-produce model? boundary
Pollination and propagation Assess reproductive relationships and the identity consequences of propagation.
Fruit production and reproduction of a named cultivar require different evidence and decisions.
Pollination relationships
Evaluate pollen compatibility, flowering overlap and pollen transfer.
Effective pollen donors
Treat self-fertility and donor compatibility as claims about identified plant material.
- What evidence establishes self-fertility or compatibility between this plum and each proposed pollen donor? provenance
- Do their observed flowering periods overlap, and what observations support effective pollen transfer? measurement
Propagation continuity
Track how new plants relate to source material.
Propagule identity
Distinguish seed descendants from vegetatively propagated material and rootstock-derived suckers.
- Is the intended outcome a seedling, preservation of a named cultivar, or production of rootstock? action
- Which source plant and plant component supplied the seed, cutting, bud, scion or sucker? provenance
Site and plant condition Connect growing conditions and symptoms to justified care decisions.
Plum care must account for the identified plant, graft system, root environment and diagnostic uncertainty.
Growing site fit
Assess whether the site supports the particular plum and rootstock.
Root and canopy environment
Document conditions relevant to root function, canopy growth and flowering.
- What measurements describe drainage, root-zone moisture, soil pH and light exposure at this plant? measurement
- Which site adjustment is supported by evidence for this taxon, cultivar or rootstock? action
Symptoms and response
Separate observations from diagnoses before choosing interventions.
Plum health investigation
Investigate features such as gum exudation, branch dieback, leaf damage or fruit decay without assigning a cause from appearance alone.
- Which organs show symptoms, how are they distributed, and what diagnostic evidence distinguishes injury, environmental stress and biological causes? measurement
- Does the evidence support monitoring, sampling, pruning or another intervention, and how should its outcome be checked? action
Population and range Place plum occurrences in geographic, cultivation and conservation context.
A cultivated tree, a naturalised stand and a wild population require different interpretations of origin and status.
Occurrence origin
Establish the origin and reproductive context of a recorded occurrence.
Wild or cultivated occurrence
Record location and establishment evidence without inferring native status from presence.
- What location and historical evidence establish whether these plums were planted, escaped cultivation or belong to a native population? provenance
- Do nearby stems represent separate seedlings, planted trees or connected suckering growth? boundary
Conservation context
Attach assessments to the correct taxon and population.
Assessment applicability
Distinguish species conservation assessments from cultivar preservation and individual plant condition.
- Is there a conservation assessment for the resolved taxon, and what are its date, geographic scope and category? provenance
- Does the proposed conservation action concern a wild population, horticultural genetic material or one individual tree? boundary
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- The organism sense is inferred from PHY.LIV; no recorded sense establishes whether the registry intended the plant or its fruit.
- Plum is a common-name grouping, so a single binomial, native range or conservation assessment cannot safely represent the whole entry.
- Verify species and cultivar placement, identifier values and any conservation assessment against authoritative records; none were consulted for this recall response.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of plum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- European plum (Prunus domestica)
- Japanese plum (Prunus salicina)
- Cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera)
- American plum (Prunus americana)
- Damsons, cultivated forms associated with Prunus domestica
- Greengages, a cultivar group within Prunus domestica
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of plum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants - Prunus domestica L. - The botanical name and author citation for European plum; it does not identify every species called plum.
- International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants - Prunus domestica 'Victoria' - An example of a species name followed by a cultivar epithet in single quotation marks.
- GBIF taxon key - Numeric taxon identifier - Requires resolution to a particular species or other taxon; the common name alone is insufficient.
- NCBI Taxonomy ID - Numeric taxonomic identifier - Applies to a resolved taxon rather than to an individual tree, fruit or orchard population.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of plum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Cultivation for fresh fruit.
- Processing into preserves, sauces and baked foods.
- Drying suitable cultivars to produce prunes.
- Fermentation and distillation into alcoholic drinks.
- Ornamental planting, including flowering and purple-leaved forms.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of plum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Late frost can damage flowers and reduce fruit set.
- Pollination incompatibility or inadequate compatible pollen can limit fruit production; requirements vary by cultivar.
- Plum pox virus causes sharka disease in susceptible stone-fruit hosts.
- Brown rot caused by Monilinia fungi can damage blossoms and fruit.
- Kernels inside the stones contain cyanogenic compounds and can be hazardous if eaten, especially when crushed.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of plum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- European plum and Japanese plum are distinct species associated with different cultivation histories; Japanese plum originated in China.
- North America has native plum species, including Prunus americana, alongside cultivated introduced species.
- Common names such as damson and greengage reflect horticultural traditions and do not consistently correspond to species boundaries.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of plum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Plum fruit - The fruit is a reproductive organ harvested from the plant; the organism sense covers the living tree or shrub.
- Prune - In ordinary English food usage, a prune is a dried plum rather than a separate species.
- Apricot - Apricots belong to a related group within Prunus, commonly represented by Prunus armeniaca, rather than the species conventionally called plums.
- Peach - Peach is Prunus persica, a distinct species that includes nectarines.
- Plum cultivar - A cultivar is a named cultivated selection; a plum species can contain many cultivars and wild populations.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of plum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Does vr.tr.plum intend the living plant category, a particular taxon or the fruit sense, and what registry evidence can settle that boundary?
- Which taxa and hybrids belong within the intended plum category, and which regional common-name uses should be excluded?
- For the resolved taxa, what accepted names, authorities, GBIF identifiers and NCBI taxonomy identifiers can be verified?
- Which cultivar and rootstock sources substantiate pollination compatibility, cold requirements, propagation choices and site tolerances?
- What native-range evidence and dated conservation assessments apply to the included taxa, rather than to plums collectively?