{ "model": { "rank": 3072, "code": "thing-q124969", "model_id": "vr.tr.corylus-avellana", "name": "Corylus avellana", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Corylus avellana, assess a particular plant or stool, and choose evidence-based observation, cultivation, propagation or harvesting actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q124969/", "tier": 2, "score": 91, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 91, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q124969", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124969", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:37:56Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01020204, "turns": 1, "seconds": 178.9, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 89.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c48-ff82-78e1-a45a-137b2f49736e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Corylus avellana\nRegistry id: vr.tr.corylus-avellana\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry:" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q124969", "registryId": "vr.tr.corylus-avellana", "name": "Corylus avellana", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q124969/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.corylus-avellana", "name": "Corylus avellana", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Corylus avellana, assess a particular plant or stool, and choose evidence-based observation, cultivation, propagation or harvesting actions.", "definition": "Corylus avellana is a monoecious, wind-pollinated deciduous shrub or small tree in the birch family (Betulaceae), native from Atlantic Europe to the Caucasus and western Asia, that bears edible nuts in a leafy involucre and is the principal European source of cultivated hazelnuts as well as a traditional coppice and hedgerow species.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the recognition and actionable biological state of Corylus avellana under registry entry vr.tr.corylus-avellana in PHY / PHY.OBJ, including individual plants, connected stools and attributed cultivars, while linking to neighbouring models for habitats, pathogens and harvested products.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification, supporting observations and uncertainty about other Corylus species or cultivated ancestry", "Plant, stool and stem boundaries, including coppice regrowth and attached suckers", "Local leaf, flower and nut development and reproductive performance", "Root-zone conditions, crown vitality and observed damage", "Purpose-specific cultivation, coppicing, propagation and harvest readiness" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Other Corylus species and hybrids requiring their own identification", "Whole woodland, hedgerow or orchard management", "Detached hazelnut batches, food processing and food-safety certification", "Pest and pathogen life cycles and treatment-product models", "Timber products and manufactured coppice goods", "Land ownership, statutory permissions and conservation designations beyond links constraining an action" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Inspect mature fruit with its husk attached: a short husk exposing the nut supports C. avellana, whereas a long enclosing husk suggests C. maxima; cultivated material may require further evidence. [RHS cobnuts and filberts](https://www.rhs.org.uk/nuts/cobnuts-filberts)", "Compare whole-plant habit and fruit husks with C. colurna: the latter typically forms a conical tree with deeply fringed husks; C. avellana typically forms a large shrub or small multi-stemmed tree. Training makes habit alone insufficient. [RHS C. colurna](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/4517/corylus-colurna/details) and [RHS C. avellana](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/4511/corylus-avellana-f/details)", "Use rounded deciduous leaves, early-season yellow male catkins and subsequent nuts together to corroborate hazel identity against superficially similar broadleaved shrubs; this combination alone does not distinguish every Corylus species. [RHS C. avellana](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/4511/corylus-avellana-f/details)", "Require diagnostic fruit or stronger provenance before accepting a sterile specimen as C. avellana rather than C. maxima; missing bracts can leave identification uncertain. [Kew specimen record](https://records.data.kew.org/occurrences/024201d7-3580-4fd0-9c0d-8c19864a52ea)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "supported; provisional; conflicting; unresolved, with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether species-specific actions are justified." }, { "name": "Cultivar and propagation origin", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named cultivar, mother plant, seed source and rootstock where documented; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Connects expected appearance, reproductive behaviour and propagation fidelity to the actual plant." }, { "name": "Husk-to-nut relationship", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Husk and nut length in mm, ratio, enclosure and lobe description at recorded maturity", "why_it_matters": "Provides evidence for separating similar hazels." }, { "name": "Stool and stem architecture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Live stem count, basal diameters in cm, crown height and spread in m", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison of regrowth, crowding and candidate coppice stems." }, { "name": "Coppice history", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Uncut; cut with date; resprouting; failed regrowth; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Prevents stem age from being mistaken for stool age." }, { "name": "Male and female flowering stages", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Catkins: immature, shedding, spent; female flowers: not observed, visible, receptivity assessed, spent; dated separately", "why_it_matters": "Separates pollen availability from female flowering and avoids assuming overlap." }, { "name": "Potential pollen donor", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Donor plant or cultivar, distance in m, flowering overlap and compatibility evidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports investigation of poor nut set." }, { "name": "Nut development and kernel fill", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dated sample count; developing, filled, empty and damaged proportions in %", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes apparent fruit abundance from usable crop." }, { "name": "Root-zone and light exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Soil pH, moisture with method and depth, waterlogging duration in days, light exposure with method", "why_it_matters": "Relates plant performance to measured site conditions." }, { "name": "Crown and bud condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Dated observations of dieback, leaf symptoms, enlarged buds, browsing and stem injury, with extent", "why_it_matters": "Supports monitoring and diagnostic escalation without assigning a cause from appearance alone." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify or provisionally identify a plant using attached diagnostic organs and provenance.", "Monitor flowering, nut development and regrowth through repeated observations.", "Evaluate planting conditions and potential pollen donors for a stated cultivation objective.", "Plan pruning or coppicing from stool condition, past response and habitat constraints.", "Select and document seed or vegetative propagation material according to identity requirements.", "Assess attached nuts for harvest readiness and transfer harvested material to a separate batch record." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "linnaeus-1753", "title": "Species Plantarum, vol. 2 - Carl Linnaeus, Laurentius Salvius, 1753", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Original Linnaean publication of Corylus avellana and the starting point for the accepted botanical name." }, { "id": "stace-2019", "title": "New Flora of the British Isles, 4th ed. - Clive A. Stace, C & M Floristics, 2019", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "British morphological diagnosis, distinction from Corylus maxima, and status as native coppice and hedgerow shrub." }, { "id": "unece-ddp-03", "title": "UNECE Standard DDP-03 concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of Inshell Hazelnuts - United Nations Economic Commission for Europe", "url": "https://unece.org/trade/wp7/DDP-Standards", "what_it_supports": "Commercial identity of inshell hazelnuts, sizing, moisture and quality tolerances used in international trade.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "eu-1169-2011", "title": "Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers - European Union", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/1169/oj", "what_it_supports": "Hazelnut as a named allergen that must be declared when used as an ingredient in foods sold in the EU.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "mehlenbacher-1991", "title": "Hazelnuts (Corylus) in Genetic Resources of Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops - S. A. Mehlenbacher, Acta Horticulturae / ISHS, 1991", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Cultivar geography, orchard biology, and the practical importance of eastern filbert blight in C. avellana breeding." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "hazel-identity", "name": "Hazel identity", "description": "Establish whether the observed plant belongs to this registry entry.", "rationale": "Common hazel names and cultivated appearances do not independently establish species identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnostic-organs", "name": "Diagnostic organs", "description": "Combine fruit, foliage and seasonal observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "species-evidence", "name": "Species evidence", "description": "Record the organs supporting identification and the alternatives they exclude.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do mature husk enclosure, husk lobing and nut dimensions indicate about C. avellana versus C. maxima or C. colurna?", "kind": "definition", "id": "species-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which diagnostic organs were observed on this plant, when, and in which photographs or specimens?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "species-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What missing or conflicting character requires identification to remain provisional?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "species-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivated-identity", "name": "Cultivated identity", "description": "Separate botanical determination from cultivar labels and propagation history.", "findings": [ { "id": "cultivar-attribution", "name": "Cultivar attribution", "description": "Retain traceable identity claims without treating a commercial name as proof.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which supplier, accession or mother-plant record supports the cultivar and species attribution?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "cultivar-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "Does unusual foliage, branch form or fruit morphology fit a documented cultivar, or require review of the identification?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "cultivar-attribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "stool-and-regrowth", "name": "Stool and regrowth", "description": "Represent the persistent plant and its changing stems.", "rationale": "Coppicing and vegetative spread make a stem an unreliable proxy for an individual hazel.", "layers": [ { "id": "plant-boundary", "name": "Plant boundary", "description": "Distinguish connected stems, detached offspring and graft components.", "findings": [ { "id": "stool-membership", "name": "Stool membership", "description": "Record what evidence joins stems into one observed plant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which stems share an observed basal stool, and which nearby shoots have unverified connections?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "stool-membership-q01" }, { "text": "For a grafted specimen, which observed shoots arise above or below the graft union?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stool-membership-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "coppice-response", "name": "Coppice response", "description": "Track stem cohorts and recovery after cutting.", "findings": [ { "id": "regrowth-capacity", "name": "Regrowth capacity", "description": "Assess the stool through dated cutting history and observed recovery.", "questions": [ { "text": "When was the stool last cut, and what records distinguish stool history from current stem age?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "regrowth-capacity-q01" }, { "text": "How many live replacement shoots developed, and how have their length and basal diameter changed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "regrowth-capacity-q02" }, { "text": "Does observed recovery support another cut for the stated objective, or favour retaining stems and reassessing?", "kind": "action", "id": "regrowth-capacity-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-and-nut-set", "name": "Flowering and nut set", "description": "Connect separate flowering observations to nut development.", "rationale": "Hazels bear separate male and female flowers and use wind pollination, so crop assessment needs flowering overlap and donor evidence. [RHS growing guide](https://www.rhs.org.uk/nuts/cobnuts-filberts)", "layers": [ { "id": "flowering-overlap", "name": "Flowering overlap", "description": "Record local reproductive timing without imposing a universal calendar.", "findings": [ { "id": "pollen-opportunity", "name": "Pollen opportunity", "description": "Evaluate whether suitable pollen could reach receptive flowers.", "questions": [ { "text": "On which dates were pollen shedding and female receptivity observed or assessed separately?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "pollen-opportunity-q01" }, { "text": "Which nearby hazels have documented compatibility and overlapping pollen release?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "pollen-opportunity-q02" }, { "text": "What additional observation is needed before attributing poor nut set to inadequate pollination?", "kind": "action", "id": "pollen-opportunity-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "nut-development", "name": "Nut development", "description": "Separate fruit formation, kernel fill, damage and disappearance.", "findings": [ { "id": "crop-outcome", "name": "Crop outcome", "description": "Use dated samples to explain the difference between visible nuts and harvestable output.", "questions": [ { "text": "What proportions of a defined sample are developing, filled, empty or visibly damaged?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "crop-outcome-q01" }, { "text": "What observations distinguish failure to develop from premature drop or animal removal?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "crop-outcome-q02" }, { "text": "Which locally validated maturity indicators support harvest for the intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "crop-outcome-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "site-and-vitality", "name": "Site and vitality", "description": "Assess hazel performance against its immediate growing conditions.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish suitability for survival, nut production and coppice growth before proposing intervention.", "layers": [ { "id": "growing-conditions", "name": "Growing conditions", "description": "Relate root-zone and canopy exposure to the plant's objective.", "findings": [ { "id": "site-fit", "name": "Site fit", "description": "Record measured conditions and locally relevant performance evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What root-zone moisture, drainage, pH and crown light measurements accompany the current growth assessment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "site-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Did frost or dry conditions coincide with this plant's recorded flowering or nut-development stages?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "site-fit-q02" }, { "text": "Which site adjustment is supported for this hazel's stated objective and observed limitation?", "kind": "action", "id": "site-fit-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "damage-and-decline", "name": "Damage and decline", "description": "Separate symptoms from confirmed causes.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Locate and track abnormal buds, foliage, stems and nuts before selecting a response.", "questions": [ { "text": "How extensive are enlarged buds, leaf coatings, shoot dieback, bark injury or nut holes, and how have they changed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "What diagnostic evidence supports a pest, pathogen or environmental cause rather than a symptom-only label?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "condition-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "Should the agent monitor, obtain a diagnostic sample or refer to a locally applicable treatment model?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-assessment-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "propagation-and-use", "name": "Propagation and use", "description": "Connect management objectives to interventions and their outcomes.", "rationale": "Managing a hazel for nuts, coppice material, ornament or habitat requires different evidence and success criteria.", "layers": [ { "id": "propagation-choice", "name": "Propagation choice", "description": "Maintain traceability when producing another plant.", "findings": [ { "id": "offspring-identity", "name": "Offspring identity", "description": "Choose propagation according to whether seedling variation or preservation of an attributed cultivar is intended.", "questions": [ { "text": "Must the new plant preserve a documented cultivar, or is a seedling of recorded parentage acceptable?", "kind": "definition", "id": "offspring-identity-q01" }, { "text": "What mother-plant and shoot-origin evidence supports the identity of the selected propagation material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "offspring-identity-q02" }, { "text": "What observed rooting and establishment criteria must be met before separating or transplanting vegetative material?", "kind": "action", "id": "offspring-identity-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-choice", "name": "Intervention choice", "description": "Select actions using the plant's purpose, condition and linked constraints.", "findings": [ { "id": "management-decision", "name": "Management decision", "description": "Make the intended benefit and follow-up assessment explicit before altering the hazel.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this plant being managed primarily for nuts, coppice stems, ornament, habitat or a documented combination?", "kind": "definition", "id": "management-decision-q01" }, { "text": "What observed habitat use and linked permissions constrain pruning, coppicing or nut collection at this location?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "management-decision-q02" }, { "text": "Which intervention is supported now, and what subsequent regrowth, flowering or crop observation will determine whether it succeeded?", "kind": "action", "id": "management-decision-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Wild multi-stemmed coppice and hedgerow hazel", "English cobnuts (Kentish Cob and related garden/orchard clones)", "Italian round-kernel groups (Tonda Gentile delle Langhe, Tonda di Giffoni, Tonda Romana)", "Turkish Black Sea landraces (Tombul, Palaz, Çakıldak and related fındık types)", "Pacific Northwest orchard cultivars (Barcelona and later Oregon releases, some with hybrid ancestry)", "Corkscrew/contorted hazel (C. avellana 'Contorta')", "Purple- and gold-leaved ornamentals ('Fuscorubra', 'Purpurea', 'Aurea', 'Red Majestic')", "Long-husk \"filbert\" market types (often C. maxima or avellana-maxima hybrids rather than pure C. avellana)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Corylus avellana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q10986", "note": "Item for the species Corylus avellana." }, { "scheme": "Botanical name (ICN)", "value_or_pattern": "Corylus avellana L.", "note": "Published in Species Plantarum 2: 998 (1753); type species of Corylus." }, { "scheme": "IPNI", "value_or_pattern": "295513-1", "note": "Standard IPNI record for the Linnaean name." }, { "scheme": "EPPO Code", "value_or_pattern": "CYLAV", "note": "Plant-health and pest-reporting code for the species." }, { "scheme": "USDA PLANTS symbol", "value_or_pattern": "COAV", "note": "United States plants-database symbol." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "13489", "note": "NCBI taxon identifier for Corylus avellana." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System (nuts, not the living plant)", "value_or_pattern": "0802.21 (inshell); 0802.22 (shelled)", "note": "HS headings for hazelnuts or filberts (Corylus spp.), the usual trade codes for the crop." }, { "scheme": "WHO/IUIS allergen nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Cor a 1, Cor a 8, Cor a 9, Cor a 14 (and related Cor a proteins)", "note": "Named hazelnut allergens used in clinical and labelling practice." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Corylus avellana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "UNECE Standard DDP-03 (Inshell Hazelnuts) - United Nations Economic Commission for Europe", "UNECE Standard DDP-04 (Hazelnut Kernels) - United Nations Economic Commission for Europe", "Codex Standard for Inshell Hazelnuts (CXS 182-1993) - FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission", "Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011, Annex II (hazelnut as a listed allergen) - European Union", "Council Directive 1999/105/EC on the marketing of forest reproductive material (hazel as a listed tree species in several member states) - European Union", "United States Standards for Grades of Filberts/Hazelnuts in the Shell - USDA Agricultural Marketing Service", "7 CFR Part 982 (hazelnuts grown in Oregon and Washington) - United States Department of Agriculture", "Protected names such as Nocciola del Piemonte PGI, Nocciola di Giffoni PGI and Nocciola Romana PDO - EU geographical-indication scheme" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Corylus avellana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Commercial orchard nut crop, with Turkey's Black Sea belt supplying most world volume and substantial industries in Italy, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Spain and Oregon, USA.", "Kernel use in confectionery and spreads (gianduja, praline, nougat, chocolate-hazelnut pastes), snack nuts, cold-pressed oil and bakers' flour.", "Traditional coppice product in Britain and western Europe: hurdles, thatching spars, bean poles, walking sticks, charcoal and hedge laying.", "Hedgerow and woodland shrub providing winter mast for squirrels, jays and mice and structurally important habitat for hazel dormouse.", "Ornamental horticulture, especially the contorted and coloured-leaf clones.", "Planting stock and forest reproductive material for farm woodland and agroforestry rather than high-forest timber." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Corylus avellana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature height (shrub or small tree)", "typical_range": "3-8 (occasionally to about 15)", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Leaf blade length", "typical_range": "6-12", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Male catkin length at anthesis", "typical_range": "5-12", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Kernel mass (commercial types)", "typical_range": "0.8-2.0", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Kernel oil content (dry basis)", "typical_range": "50-70", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Kernel moisture for safe storage (trade limits)", "typical_range": "≤6-7", "unit": "% wet basis" }, { "quantity": "Shelling-out (kernel as fraction of inshell nut)", "typical_range": "40-50", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Somatic chromosome number", "typical_range": "2n = 22", "unit": "count" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Corylus avellana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Eastern filbert blight (Anisogramma anomala): cankers that kill susceptible orchard trees; the main breeding constraint in North America and a quarantine concern for Europe.", "Big-bud mite (Phytoptus/Phytocoptella avellanae) destroying vegetative and flowering buds.", "Hazelnut weevil (Curculio nucum) and other nut borers causing blank or maggoty kernels.", "Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina) on shoots, buds and nuts, especially in wet nurseries and young orchards.", "Kernel rancidity and storage moulds; aflatoxin risk if moisture and temperature are poorly controlled.", "Severe IgE-mediated food allergy (seed-storage proteins Cor a 9 and Cor a 14) and birch-pollen-related oral allergy (Cor a 1).", "Spring frost on female flowers and wind-pollination failure, producing blank nuts; alternate bearing in orchards.", "Grey-squirrel bark stripping and nut predation in Britain; nut loss to jays and mice in unnetted orchards.", "In coppice, neglected rotation and deer browsing producing stools that fail to yield usable rods." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Corylus avellana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "In Britain the wild plant is \"hazel\"; cultivated orchard nuts are \"cobnuts\" (especially Kent). \"Filbert\" is used for long-husk forms, often C. maxima, and the two names are not applied consistently.", "In North America the crop was long sold as \"filbert,\" especially from Oregon; \"hazelnut\" is now the preferred trade name for the same nuts.", "Italy treats distinct round-kernel landraces as named products (Piedmont, Giffoni, Lazio) under GI rules; Turkey grades Black Sea fındık by district and landrace (Giresun Tombul as the quality type).", "Spanish production centres on Catalonia and the cultivar Negret; US production is concentrated in the Willamette Valley with a cultivar set built around blight resistance.", "Ornamental 'Contorta' is a garden plant worldwide and is rarely part of the nut trade." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Corylus avellana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Corylus maxima (filbert)", "difference": "Involucre tubular, constricted beyond the nut and clearly longer than the nut; C. avellana has a shorter, lobed, cup-like husk about as long as the nut." }, { "name": "Corylus colurna (Turkish hazel)", "difference": "Single-trunked tree with corky-ridged bark and nuts in bristly, deeply dissected involucres; C. avellana is multi-stemmed with a softer, lobed husk." }, { "name": "Corylus americana (American hazel)", "difference": "Twigs and petioles glandular-hairy and nuts smaller; confirm with glandular pubescence and native North American range rather than husk shape alone." }, { "name": "Corylus cornuta (beaked hazel)", "difference": "Involucre fused into a long, narrow beak well beyond the nut; C. avellana husks are open-lobed, not beaked." }, { "name": "Carpinus betulus (hornbeam)", "difference": "Similar plicate, doubly serrate leaves, but fruit is a small nutlet with a three-lobed leafy bract, never a large edible nut in a husk." }, { "name": "Ostrya species (hop-hornbeams)", "difference": "Female fruiting structures look like hops (inflated papery bladders), not clustered leafy hazel husks." }, { "name": "C. avellana × C. americana (and other orchard hybrids)", "difference": "Morphologically close to C. avellana; separate by pedigree, blight-resistance phenotype and, where needed, molecular markers rather than husk shape." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Corylus avellana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which regional identification keys and taxonomic treatments best resolve C. avellana, C. maxima and cultivated material with intermediate characters?", "What evidence is sufficient to establish clone boundaries where adjacent hazel stools may be connected but excavation or genetic testing is unavailable?", "Which cultivar-specific compatibility records and local flowering observations can reliably support pollen-donor selection?", "Which locally validated moisture, frost and heat thresholds distinguish impaired nut production from threats to plant survival?", "Which regional diagnostic protocols and observed recovery data should govern intervention in declining or repeatedly coppiced stools?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 36 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Corylus avellana, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Corylus avellana, assess a particular plant or stool, and choose evidence-based observation, cultivation, propagation or harvesting actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 91 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Corylus avellana, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 91 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Corylus avellana from another, and a Corylus avellana from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Corylus avellana sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Corylus avellana from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Corylus avellana is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Corylus avellana and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Corylus avellana is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Corylus avellana is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Corylus avellana is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Corylus avellana moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Corylus avellana passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Corylus avellana between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Corylus avellana, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Corylus avellana is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Corylus avellana is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Corylus avellana, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Corylus avellana from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Corylus avellana from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Corylus avellana does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Corylus avellana pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Corylus avellana judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Corylus avellana lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Corylus avellana, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Corylus avellana hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Corylus avellana came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Corylus avellana and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Corylus avellana is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Corylus avellana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Corylus avellana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Corylus avellana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }