{ "model": { "rank": 6453, "code": "thing-q12599", "model_id": "vr.tr.ice-sheet", "name": "ice sheet", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an ice sheet, assess its changing geometry and mass, and determine which observations, forecasts or field activities its evidence supports.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.PLC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q12599/", "tier": 2, "score": 60, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 60, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q12599", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:38:38Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00776458, "turns": 1, "seconds": 78.9, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 101.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c4d-022d-7051-b019-e5e746e4785a\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ice sheet\nRegistry id: vr.tr.ice-sheet\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Ver" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q12599", "registryId": "vr.tr.ice-sheet", "name": "ice sheet", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12599/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.ice-sheet", "name": "ice sheet", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an ice sheet, assess its changing geometry and mass, and determine which observations, forecasts or field activities its evidence supports.", "definition": "An ice sheet is a contiguous mass of glacier ice covering more than 50,000 km² that rests on land or grounded marine beds and deforms under its own weight, presently remaining only in Antarctica and Greenland.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity, extent, internal organisation, physical condition and evolution of the ice-sheet system registered as vr.tr.ice-sheet, including explicit accounting boundaries and relations to outlet glaciers, floating extensions, bedrock, atmosphere and ocean.", "in_scope": [ "Ice-sheet identity, dated boundaries, drainage basins and continuity through retreat or fragmentation", "Ice thickness, surface elevation, bed geometry and grounded versus floating extent", "Snow accumulation, firn storage, runoff, ice discharge and total mass change", "Ice motion, basal conditions, grounding-line migration and connections to ice shelves", "Observation reliability, conditional projections and ice-specific constraints on field activities" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Independent inventories and detailed models of individual outlet glaciers and ice shelves", "Sea ice, lake ice, seasonal snow cover and detached icebergs as separate objects", "Atmospheric circulation and ocean circulation beyond their forcing at ice-sheet interfaces", "Regional geology and ecosystems beyond their direct interaction with the ice sheet", "Coastal flooding, infrastructure exposure and societal adaptation to sea-level change" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check whether the body is glacial land ice exceeding the conventional 50,000 km² threshold; retain the dated extent and classification convention when distinguishing an ice sheet from an ice cap. [NSIDC: Ice Sheets](https://nsidc.org/learn/parts-cryosphere/ice-sheets)", "Check for an extensive ice body covering terrain with an interconnected system of divides and drainage basins, rather than identifying one valley-confined outlet glacier as the whole sheet.", "Check for a grounded body and map any attached floating extensions separately; a floating extension alone is an ice shelf, even when it remains connected to the sheet. [NSIDC: Ice Sheets](https://nsidc.org/learn/parts-cryosphere/ice-sheets)", "Check evidence of persistent glacial ice formed through accumulated snow and firn, rather than seasonal snow or ice formed by freezing seawater." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Dated ice extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "km²; mapped polygon, observation date and grounded/floating inclusion rule", "why_it_matters": "Supports classification, boundary comparison and consistent aggregation." }, { "name": "Ice thickness and surface elevation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m; spatial distribution, vertical datum and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Constrains stored ice, changing geometry and ice-flow calculations." }, { "name": "Bed elevation and geometry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m relative to a stated datum; bed slopes, troughs and sills", "why_it_matters": "Identifies the substrate geometry needed to investigate flow and retreat." }, { "name": "Grounding configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "land-based, marine-based or mixed; grounded, floating or unresolved at mapped locations", "why_it_matters": "Separates contact with the bed from flotation and identifies ocean-connected sectors." }, { "name": "Drainage organisation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "dated links among divides, catchments, ice streams, outlet glaciers and receiving shelves or waters", "why_it_matters": "Connects local measurements to the appropriate contributing ice." }, { "name": "Ice velocity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m/year; vector field, measurement interval and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Locates fast flow and supports estimates of discharge and acceleration." }, { "name": "Total mass balance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Gt/year over a stated boundary and interval, with uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Records whether the sheet gains or loses mass; interpretation requires consistent inputs and outputs. [Copernicus: Ice sheets](https://climate.copernicus.eu/climate-indicators/ice-sheets)" }, { "name": "Surface mass balance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg/m²/year or m water equivalent/year; integrated Gt/year", "why_it_matters": "Separates surface accumulation and loss from dynamic ice discharge." }, { "name": "Firn storage and retention", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "density profile in kg/m³; retained water and available storage in m water equivalent", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of elevation change and the distinction between surface melt and runoff." }, { "name": "Basal thermal and hydrological condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "frozen, at pressure-melting conditions, mixed or unresolved; drainage connectivity where known", "why_it_matters": "Constrains explanations of sliding and responses to water input." }, { "name": "Grounding-line migration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m/year along defined transects; dates, method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Records changes at the grounded-to-floating transition." }, { "name": "Observed change regime", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "mass gain, mass loss or unresolved; acceleration, deceleration or unresolved; specified region and interval", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a single whole-sheet label from concealing different regional behaviours." } ], "affordances": [ "Delineate the sheet and its drainage basins from dated observations, recording ambiguous margins.", "Compare repeat surveys to detect thinning, acceleration, mass change and grounding-line migration.", "Construct a mass budget with explicit control boundaries and identify components that remain unmeasured.", "Run conditional flow and mass-loss scenarios using stated forcing, assumptions and uncertainty.", "Prioritise radar, altimetry, velocity, gravimetry and field observations to resolve consequential gaps.", "Assess proposed traverses, drilling and instrument placement against dated ice conditions, access authority and environmental constraints." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "ipcc-ar6-srocc-glossary", "title": "Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate - Annex I: Glossary (ice sheet)", "url": "https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/chapter/glossary/", "what_it_supports": "IPCC specialist definition: mass of glacier ice >50,000 km² resting on land or grounded on a seabed; only Greenland and Antarctica remain.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "ipcc-ar6-wg1-ch9", "title": "Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis - Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change", "url": "https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/chapter/chapter-9/", "what_it_supports": "Observed ice-sheet mass loss, sea-level contribution, marine ice-sheet instability, and the East/West Antarctic and Greenland distinction.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "nsidc-ice-sheets", "title": "Ice Sheets (All About Glaciers / Cryosphere)", "url": "https://nsidc.org/learn/parts-cryosphere/ice-sheets", "what_it_supports": "Practical kinds (Greenland, Antarctica; ice streams), thickness and area figures, and the ice-sheet vs ice-shelf vs glacier distinction used in operations and education.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "usgs-glaciers-icecaps", "title": "Glaciers and Icecaps - Storehouses of Freshwater (Water Science School)", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/glaciers-and-icecaps", "what_it_supports": "USGS size cutoffs: ice sheet >50,000 km² vs ice cap <50,000 km²; ice as a freshwater store and sea-level source.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-ice-boundaries", "name": "Identity and ice boundaries", "description": "Establish which ice body is being represented and how its changing parts are counted.", "rationale": "Classification and accounting become unreliable when sheet, outlet and shelf boundaries are implicit.", "layers": [ { "id": "classification-and-continuity", "name": "Classification and continuity", "description": "Establish ice-sheet membership and persistence of identity through change.", "findings": [ { "id": "ice-sheet-membership", "name": "Ice-sheet membership", "description": "Record the evidence and convention supporting identification as an ice sheet.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dated area estimate, glacial origin evidence and morphological observations support classifying this body as an ice sheet?", "kind": "definition", "id": "ice-sheet-membership-q01" }, { "text": "How is identity retained or revised if retreat produces disconnected remnants or reduces area below the adopted threshold?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "ice-sheet-membership-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "system-partition", "name": "System partition", "description": "Define the whole-sheet boundary and its constituent drainage regions.", "findings": [ { "id": "grounded-floating-and-outlet-membership", "name": "Grounded, floating and outlet membership", "description": "Record which components belong to each inventory and analysis boundary.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which outlet glaciers, floating shelves, ice rises and peripheral ice bodies are included, excluded or linked as neighbouring objects?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "grounded-floating-and-outlet-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Which dated divide, grounding-line and margin products define the drainage basins and prevent double counting?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "grounded-floating-and-outlet-membership-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "geometry-and-ice-material", "name": "Geometry and ice material", "description": "Represent the shape, substrate and material structure needed to interpret measurements and motion.", "rationale": "Surface appearance alone cannot establish ice volume, bed contact or the meaning of elevation change.", "layers": [ { "id": "surface-bed-and-thickness", "name": "Surface, bed and thickness", "description": "Connect surface observations to ice thickness and underlying terrain.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolved-ice-geometry", "name": "Resolved ice geometry", "description": "Distinguish surveyed geometry from interpolation and inference.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the surface elevation, bed elevation and ice thickness on compatible dates and vertical datums?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-ice-geometry-q01" }, { "text": "Where do sparse bed observations leave troughs, sills or thickness estimates unresolved?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "resolved-ice-geometry-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "firn-and-internal-condition", "name": "Firn and internal condition", "description": "Represent material properties relevant to storage and deformation.", "findings": [ { "id": "density-temperature-and-structure", "name": "Density, temperature and structure", "description": "Record constraints on firn density, ice temperature and internal layering.", "questions": [ { "text": "What density and firn-compaction estimates are required to translate observed elevation change into mass change?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "density-temperature-and-structure-q01" }, { "text": "Which boreholes, cores or radar observations constrain temperature, layering and deformation properties, and how far can they be extrapolated?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "density-temperature-and-structure-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "mass-and-water-budget", "name": "Mass and water budget", "description": "Account for accumulation, storage, runoff and ice export over explicit boundaries.", "rationale": "Surface melt, thinning and total mass loss are different quantities and require separate evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "surface-exchange-and-retention", "name": "Surface exchange and retention", "description": "Resolve surface inputs and losses, including the fate of meltwater.", "findings": [ { "id": "surface-budget-components", "name": "Surface budget components", "description": "Record accumulation, ablation and water retention using a stated convention.", "questions": [ { "text": "What snowfall, rainfall, sublimation, wind redistribution and runoff terms enter the adopted surface mass budget?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "surface-budget-components-q01" }, { "text": "How much meltwater refreezes or remains stored, and what evidence shows that water has actually left the ice-sheet boundary?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "surface-budget-components-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "whole-sheet-budget-closure", "name": "Whole-sheet budget closure", "description": "Reconcile total storage change with fluxes across the chosen control boundary.", "findings": [ { "id": "mass-change-reconciliation", "name": "Mass-change reconciliation", "description": "Compare independent estimates without counting the same export twice.", "questions": [ { "text": "For this control boundary, which ice-discharge, calving and basal-exchange terms must be counted, and which occur outside it?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "mass-change-reconciliation-q01" }, { "text": "Do gravimetric, elevation-based and input-output estimates agree within their stated uncertainties over the same region and interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mass-change-reconciliation-q02" }, { "text": "What unresolved residual remains after density, bed-motion and spatial-coverage corrections are documented?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mass-change-reconciliation-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "flow-and-basal-controls", "name": "Flow and basal controls", "description": "Connect observed ice movement to drainage pathways and conditions at the bed.", "rationale": "Dynamic change must be assessed by connected catchments and supporting evidence about motion mechanisms.", "layers": [ { "id": "motion-and-discharge-pathways", "name": "Motion and discharge pathways", "description": "Locate flowing ice and quantify its changing transport.", "findings": [ { "id": "velocity-and-flux-change", "name": "Velocity and flux change", "description": "Record spatially resolved speed, direction and discharge with temporal context.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are the principal ice streams and outlet pathways, and what thickness and velocity observations support their flux estimates?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "velocity-and-flux-change-q01" }, { "text": "Are apparent accelerations sustained across comparable seasons and observation methods, or could sampling explain them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "velocity-and-flux-change-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ice-bed-interaction", "name": "Ice-bed interaction", "description": "Constrain thermal, sediment and water conditions affecting basal motion.", "findings": [ { "id": "basal-motion-constraints", "name": "Basal motion constraints", "description": "Separate directly observed basal conditions from inferred controls.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is the bed inferred or observed to be frozen, thawed or underlain by deformable sediment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "basal-motion-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "What observations constrain subglacial water pressure, drainage connections or lake drainage, and their association with velocity change?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "basal-motion-constraints-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "marine-margins-and-evolution", "name": "Marine margins and evolution", "description": "Assess ocean-facing boundaries and evidence for possible future change.", "rationale": "Grounding-line behaviour and connected shelf changes require explicit treatment before extrapolating inland response.", "layers": [ { "id": "grounding-and-shelf-coupling", "name": "Grounding and shelf coupling", "description": "Track the transition to flotation and connections to floating extensions.", "findings": [ { "id": "marine-boundary-response", "name": "Marine boundary response", "description": "Record grounding-line migration and evidence of changing restraint from connected shelves; shelf loss can affect upstream flow. [NSIDC: Why Ice Sheets Matter](https://nsidc.org/learn/parts-cryosphere/ice-sheets/why-ice-sheets-matter)", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is the grounding zone, how does its position vary with tides and measurement method, and what longer-term migration is resolved?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "marine-boundary-response-q01" }, { "text": "Which connected shelves or pinning points influence upstream flow, and what observations support a change in that influence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "marine-boundary-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conditional-trajectories", "name": "Conditional trajectories", "description": "Distinguish observed trends from scenario-dependent projections and instability hypotheses.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-future-response", "name": "Supported future response", "description": "Record projection assumptions, uncertainty and the evidence required for claims of persistent retreat.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which atmospheric and ocean forcing scenarios, bed geometries and ice-flow assumptions determine the projected response and its time horizon?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-future-response-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence would distinguish temporary retreat from self-sustaining retreat in the specific basin under assessment?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-future-response-q02" }, { "text": "How is projected ice loss converted to a sea-level contribution while accounting for flotation and the chosen ocean-area convention?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-future-response-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observation-and-field-decisions", "name": "Observation and field decisions", "description": "Turn ice-sheet evidence into defensible monitoring priorities and bounded field decisions.", "rationale": "Remote observations have coverage limits, and changing ice conditions constrain where and when physical work is supportable.", "layers": [ { "id": "evidence-resolution", "name": "Evidence resolution", "description": "Establish whether observations resolve the ice-sheet process relevant to a decision.", "findings": [ { "id": "decision-relevant-observations", "name": "Decision-relevant observations", "description": "Associate each state estimate with its method, coverage, corrections and uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observation dates, spatial resolution, seasonal gaps and processing corrections limit each claimed change in the sheet?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "decision-relevant-observations-q01" }, { "text": "Which additional radar lines, velocity measurements, cores or repeat elevation observations would most reduce uncertainty in the pending decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "decision-relevant-observations-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-access-and-disturbance", "name": "Field access and disturbance", "description": "Assess proposed activities against local ice conditions and applicable authority.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-field-activity", "name": "Supported field activity", "description": "Record the evidence and conditions required for a particular traverse, drilling operation or instrument deployment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What recent observations constrain crevasses, snow bridges, surface water, ice motion and margin instability along the proposed route or at the site?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-field-activity-q01" }, { "text": "Which access permissions, contamination controls and environmental restrictions apply to the proposed drilling, sampling or deployment?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-field-activity-q02" }, { "text": "What site-specific changes or missing observations require postponing, rerouting or stopping the activity?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-field-activity-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Antarctic ice sheet (East and West Antarctic ice sheets plus the Antarctic Peninsula ice sheet as a regional component)", "Greenland ice sheet", "Pleistocene continental ice sheets (Laurentide, Cordilleran, Fennoscandian/Weichselian, and other last-glacial ice sheets now gone)", "East Antarctic ice sheet (largely terrestrial, thick, relatively stable on geologic timescales)", "West Antarctic ice sheet (marine-based in large part, resting on beds below sea level)", "Ice-sheet ice streams and outlet glaciers (fast-flowing corridors that discharge the sheet)", "Marine ice sheet (grounded ice with a bed below sea level and a floating ice-shelf fringe)", "Terrestrial ice sheet (grounded ice with a bed above sea level)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of ice sheet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q44364 (ice sheet as a class of glacier)", "note": "Instance items include Q175233 (Antarctic ice sheet) and Q521401 (Greenland ice sheet)." }, { "scheme": "GCMD Science Keywords (NASA)", "value_or_pattern": "EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > ICE SHEETS", "note": "Used to tag datasets in NASA Earthdata and related catalogues." }, { "scheme": "CF Standard Name (Climate and Forecast conventions)", "value_or_pattern": "land_ice_area_fraction, land_ice_thickness, tendency_of_land_ice_mass, and related land_ice_* names", "note": "NetCDF/climate-model variable names for ice-sheet quantities; not a unique ID for a named sheet." }, { "scheme": "GLIMS glacier ID / Randolph Glacier Inventory", "value_or_pattern": "not assigned to the ice sheets themselves", "note": "RGI/GLIMS inventory peripheral glaciers around Greenland and Antarctica, not the ice-sheet interiors." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of ice sheet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IPCC assessment reports (WGI, SROCC) - the working definition of ice sheet and the mass-budget / sea-level accounting used in climate policy (IPCC).", "IHO S-44 and related hydrographic practice for ice-infested waters - charting and under-keel clearance near ice-shelf fronts, not the ice sheet as a landform (International Hydrographic Organization).", "Antarctic Treaty System, including the Protocol on Environmental Protection (Madrid Protocol) - environmental protection, waste, and activity rules on the Antarctic ice sheet (Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties).", "IMO Polar Code (International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters) - ship safety and environmental rules in waters adjacent to ice-sheet and ice-shelf coasts (International Maritime Organization).", "WMO Global Cryosphere Watch / GCW observing standards - recommended cryosphere observing practices for ice-sheet mass, elevation, and extent (World Meteorological Organization).", "NASA / ESA / national ice-sheet mass-balance intercomparisons (IMBIE) - community protocol for reconciling satellite gravimetry, altimetry, and input-output method estimates (IMBIE consortium; not a statute)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of ice sheet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Sea-level projections for coastal planning: ice-sheet mass loss is the largest uncertain term in 21st-century global mean sea-level rise.", "Climate-model boundary conditions and palaeoclimate reconstructions (ice-core palaeothermometry, last-glacial ice-sheet extent).", "Freshwater reservoir accounting: the two remaining ice sheets hold the great majority of Earth's glacier ice and of land-ice freshwater.", "Polar logistics: runways, stations, and traverse routes sit on ice-sheet surfaces (e.g. Summit Station, Concordia, South Pole).", "Satellite gravimetry (GRACE/GRACE-FO), laser/radar altimetry (ICESat-2, CryoSat-2), and input-output mass-budget monitoring of Greenland and Antarctica.", "Ice-core climate archives drilled through ice-sheet interiors (e.g. GISP2, NGRIP, EPICA Dome C, WAIS Divide)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of ice sheet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "area (contiguous ice covering land or grounded bed)", "typical_range": "Greenland ~1.7 million; Antarctic ice sheet ~12.3-14 million (definitions vary with ice shelves)", "unit": "km²" }, { "quantity": "ice thickness", "typical_range": "Greenland mean ~1.5-1.7 km, max ~3.2 km; East Antarctica mean ~2 km, max ~4.5-4.8 km", "unit": "m or km" }, { "quantity": "volume / sea-level equivalent (SLE)", "typical_range": "Greenland ~7.2-7.4 m SLE; Antarctica ~57-58 m SLE", "unit": "m sea-level equivalent" }, { "quantity": "surface elevation (ice-sheet interior)", "typical_range": "Greenland Summit ~3,200 m; East Antarctic plateau ~4,000 m", "unit": "m a.s.l." }, { "quantity": "mass-balance rate (recent satellite era)", "typical_range": "Greenland order −100 to −300; Antarctica order 0 to −200 (decade-dependent, IMBIE)", "unit": "Gt yr⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "ice-flow speed", "typical_range": "interior ~1-20; ice streams and outlet glaciers 10²-10³", "unit": "m yr⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "surface mass balance (accumulation minus ablation)", "typical_range": "interior accumulation ~0.02-0.3; ablation zones strongly negative", "unit": "m water equivalent yr⁻¹" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of ice sheet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Marine ice-sheet instability (MISI): retreat of a grounding line on a reverse bed slope can become self-sustaining, especially in West Antarctica.", "Marine ice-cliff instability (MICI): hypothesized structural failure of tall ice cliffs after ice-shelf loss; still contested as a projection mechanism.", "Ice-shelf buttressing loss: disintegration of floating shelves (Larsen B analogue) can accelerate grounded-sheet discharge.", "Surface melt-albedo feedback and meltwater ponding, firn saturation, and hydrofracture on Greenland and Antarctic Peninsula ice.", "Outlet-glacier / ice-stream acceleration and calving contributing to rapid regional mass loss (Jakobshavn/Sermeq Kujalleq, Thwaites, Pine Island).", "Sea-level rise and associated coastal flooding as the downstream hazard of ice-sheet mass loss.", "Surface crevassing, moulins, and traverse/aircraft hazards for people working on the ice sheet.", "Subglacial flood (jökulhlaup) and basal hydrological reorganization under parts of Greenland and Antarctica." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of ice sheet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Only two ice sheets exist today: Greenland (GrIS) and Antarctica (AIS). All other named ice sheets are palaeo-ice sheets.", "English usage: 'ice sheet' vs older 'continental glacier'; USGS and IPCC use the 50,000 km² cutoff against 'ice cap'.", "Antarctica is commonly split into East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS), West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), and Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS).", "Greenland ice is often discussed together with its peripheral glaciers, which IMBIE and IPCC treat separately from the ice-sheet proper.", "In glaciological French, 'inlandsis' is the usual term for ice sheet; German uses 'Eisschild' (and historically 'Inlandeis').", "Kalaallisut and Inuit place-names and 'Sermersuaq' (the inland ice) are used in Greenlandic practice alongside 'Greenland ice sheet'." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of ice sheet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "ice cap", "difference": "An ice cap is a dome of ice covering a highland or island with area less than 50,000 km² (IPCC/USGS cutoff); an ice sheet exceeds that area and is not constrained by underlying topography in the same way." }, { "name": "ice field", "difference": "An ice field is a near-level expanse of interconnected glaciers whose flow is still guided by mountain topography; an ice sheet submerges that topography over a continental scale." }, { "name": "ice shelf", "difference": "An ice shelf is the floating seaward extension of a glacier or ice sheet, in hydrostatic equilibrium and not grounded; the ice sheet itself is the grounded portion. The grounding line is the operational boundary." }, { "name": "glacier (valley / outlet glacier)", "difference": "A glacier is a smaller, typically topographically confined body of ice; ice-sheet ice may feed outlet glaciers, but the sheet is the parent continental mass, not a single valley tongue." }, { "name": "sea ice", "difference": "Sea ice forms by freezing seawater in situ and is typically metres thick and seasonal or multi-year; ice-sheet ice is compacted meteoric snow, kilometres thick, and of land origin even when it later floats as an ice shelf or iceberg." }, { "name": "iceberg", "difference": "An iceberg is a detached fragment of glacier or ice-shelf ice in water; it is a product of ice-sheet/outlet-glacier discharge, not the ice sheet." }, { "name": "permafrost / ground ice", "difference": "Permafrost is frozen ground (soil, rock, interstitial ice) remaining below 0 °C for at least two years; it is not a deforming glacier-ice mass of continental scale." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of ice sheet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which registry or existing world-model publication is authoritative for ice sheets, and how should named sheets, major sectors and constituent outlets link to it?", "Which area convention and identity rule should apply when an ice sheet fragments, becomes relict or shrinks below the conventional classification threshold?", "Should the default mass-accounting boundary include attached floating shelves, or should every application explicitly choose grounded-only versus whole-system accounting?", "What minimum observations and uncertainty bounds justify describing a basin as dynamically unstable or its retreat as self-sustaining?", "Which region-specific evidence standards and responsible authorities determine whether ice-sheet observations are sufficient for a proposed field activity?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 13, "findings": 20, "questions": 35 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "place or geographic feature", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a ice sheet, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an ice sheet, assess its changing geometry and mass, and determine which observations, forecasts or field activities its evidence supports.", "characteristics": { "substance": "place", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "fixed", "scale": "geographic" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "entered, crossed or travelled along" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a ice sheet, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a portion of the world with an extent", "physicalCharacter": [ "On the scale of a landscape, measured in kilometres.", "Stays where it was put; moving it is a project.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "enter it, cross it, travel along it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by extent on the ground and by position, not by appearance. Two places that look alike are told apart by where they are." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one ice sheet from another, and a ice sheet from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a ice sheet sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a ice sheet from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a ice sheet is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples at geographic scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a ice sheet is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a ice sheet is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a ice sheet is, how it got there and where it may go (fixed).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a ice sheet is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a ice sheet is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a ice sheet passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a ice sheet between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a ice sheet, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a ice sheet is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a ice sheet and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a ice sheet is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a ice sheet performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a ice sheet.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a ice sheet at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-and-geometry", "name": "Extent, geometry and naming", "description": "Where ice sheet is, how far it reaches, and what it is called.", "rationale": "A boundary is claimed by an authority rather than observed in the world, so the claimant belongs in the record with the geometry.", "layers": [ { "id": "geometry", "name": "Geometry and reference system", "description": "Coordinates, extent and the frame they are given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "geometry-record", "name": "Geometry, precision and frame", "description": "What is recorded about position and shape, and to what accuracy.", "questions": [ { "id": "geometry-record-q01", "text": "What geometry describes ice sheet, in which coordinate reference system, at what precision?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "geometry-record-q02", "text": "Which authority publishes that geometry, and who publishes a different one?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names", "name": "Names and endonyms", "description": "What it is called in different languages and by different parties.", "findings": [ { "id": "naming-record", "name": "Names and who uses them", "description": "Official names, local names and contested names.", "questions": [ { "id": "naming-record-q01", "text": "By what names is ice sheet known, in which languages, and which are official to whom?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "naming-record-q02", "text": "Where naming is contested, what should an agent record instead of choosing?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "containment-and-access", "name": "Containment, jurisdiction and access", "description": "What ice sheet sits inside, who governs it, and who may enter.", "rationale": "Administrative containment decides which rules apply, and it changes without the place moving.", "layers": [ { "id": "containment", "name": "Administrative containment", "description": "The units it belongs to and the date each holds from.", "findings": [ { "id": "containment-record", "name": "Containing units and effective dates", "description": "Where it sits administratively and since when.", "questions": [ { "id": "containment-record-q01", "text": "Which administrative units contain ice sheet, and since when does each containment hold?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "containment-record-q02", "text": "Which containment is disputed, and by which parties?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "access", "name": "Access and permitted use", "description": "Who may enter or use it and under what conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and their source", "description": "Entry, use and restriction, with the rule behind each.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "Who may enter or use ice sheet, under what conditions, and by whose rule?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "What seasonal or conditional closure applies, and how is it announced?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a ice sheet came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a ice sheet and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a ice sheet is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a ice sheet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a ice sheet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a ice sheet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 53 } } } }