{ "model": { "rank": 2814, "code": "thing-q126167", "model_id": "vr.tr.bearded-vulture", "name": "bearded vulture", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a bearded vulture, assess its condition and ecological dependencies, and determine which observation, conservation or care actions are justified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q126167/", "tier": 2, "score": 96, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 96, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q126167", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126167", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T12:00:35Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00865776, "turns": 1, "seconds": 162.1, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 80.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07bb9-15d2-7fb1-87b1-0e7a52704e6d\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: bearded vulture\nRegistry id: vr.tr.bearded-vulture\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q126167", "registryId": "vr.tr.bearded-vulture", "name": "bearded vulture", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q126167/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.bearded-vulture", "name": "bearded vulture", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a bearded vulture, assess its condition and ecological dependencies, and determine which observation, conservation or care actions are justified.", "definition": "A large mountain-dwelling Old World accipitrid (Gypaetus barbatus) unique among extant birds in taking most of its energy from large-mammal bone, which it fractures at traditional drop sites (ossuaries) and dissolves with an exceptionally acidic stomach; adults often stain cream underparts rust-orange by bathing in iron-oxide soils.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the species-specific recognition criteria, individual states, behaviours and dependencies of bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus), anchored to vr.tr.bearded-vulture in PHY / PHY.LIV; it links individuals to populations, places and conservation programmes without owning those neighbouring entities.", "in_scope": [ "Species recognition across immature and adult appearances, with explicit identification uncertainty", "Individual identity, age evidence, origin and wild or managed status", "Bone acquisition, processing, feeding independence and nutritional condition", "Use of mountain foraging areas, bone-breaking sites, roosts and nesting cliffs", "Breeding participation, parental provisioning and dependent-young outcomes", "Individual threats, intervention prerequisites and subsequent outcomes" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete models of other vultures, eagles or scavenger communities", "Carcass, livestock and wild ungulate models beyond their relationship to the bird", "Mountain ecosystem, cliff and protected-area management models", "Population census, demographic forecasting and species-wide conservation assessments", "Veterinary treatment protocols and toxicological reference standards", "Conservation organisation, permit and reintroduction programme administration" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "In a sufficiently clear adult view, test for black facial markings and bill-base beard bristles together with a feathered head and neck; this combination helps separate it from griffon and cinereous vultures. [Animal Diversity Web](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Gypaetus_barbatus/)", "For dark immature birds potentially confused with other large raptors, assess the head, neck and less conspicuous beard together; absence of adult pale plumage does not exclude bearded vulture. [Animal Diversity Web](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Gypaetus_barbatus/)", "Repeated bone consumption and carrying bones to drop onto rock strongly support identification as a bone specialist; merely attending a carcass does not. [Vulture Conservation Foundation](https://4vultures.org/vultures/bearded-vulture/)", "Treat rusty underparts as supporting evidence, not a required test: iron-rich bathing can stain otherwise pale feathers. Confirm facial features rather than rejecting a pale bird. [Vulture Conservation Foundation](https://4vultures.org/vultures/bearded-vulture/)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Recognition evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "confirmed, probable, unresolved, rejected; supporting images, diagnostic features and alternative identifications", "why_it_matters": "Prevents uncertain large-raptor sightings from becoming established bearded-vulture records." }, { "name": "Age and developmental stage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "nestling, fledgling, immature, adult, unknown; age interval in years with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Changes how appearance, feeding independence and breeding behaviour should be interpreted." }, { "name": "Individual identity and origin", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to verified ring, marking, transmitter, pedigree, hatch or release records; unresolved identity allowed", "why_it_matters": "Connects repeated sightings without conflating birds or inferring origin from location." }, { "name": "Plumage staining", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unstained-looking, rusty-stained, mixed, indeterminate; observation date and lighting", "why_it_matters": "Separates visible colour variation from unsupported age or health conclusions." }, { "name": "Food acquisition and processing", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "provisioned, scavenging independently, carrying bones, dropping bones, ingesting fragments, unsuccessful, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes access to remains from demonstrated ability to obtain food." }, { "name": "Body mass trend", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg and change over dated measurements, with method and developmental context", "why_it_matters": "Supports condition assessment when legitimate handling or existing care records provide measurements." }, { "name": "Flight and feeding function", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "observed functional, suspected impairment, confirmed impairment, not assessed; separate flight, landing and ingestion observations", "why_it_matters": "Makes intervention depend on demonstrated function and evidence." }, { "name": "Site relationship", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "foraging area, bone-breaking site, roost, bathing site, nesting site, transit location; dated evidence", "why_it_matters": "Connects the bird to resources without treating every sighting as territory occupancy." }, { "name": "Breeding role and stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unresolved, nonbreeding, courtship, nest attendance, incubation, chick provisioning, post-fledging care, failed attempt", "why_it_matters": "Identifies dependent young and the consequences of disturbing or removing an adult." }, { "name": "Exposure evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "suspected, observed, analytically confirmed, excluded, unknown; linked hazard and dated evidence", "why_it_matters": "Keeps potential poisoning, collision or disturbance separate from diagnosed harm." } ], "affordances": [ "Assess a sighting against age-appropriate identification evidence and retain unresolved alternatives.", "Match observations to a known bird using documented identifiers and confidence.", "Evaluate whether a bird can obtain and process food independently.", "Relate movements and nesting behaviour to resource use and potential disturbance.", "Flag evidence requiring specialist assessment and establish prerequisites for handling, feeding, tagging or release.", "Compare observations before and after an intervention to assess feeding, flight and survival outcomes." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "iucn-gypaetus-barbatus", "title": "Gypaetus barbatus (Bearded Vulture)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Global status (Near Threatened), range, generation length, and principal threats as assessed for the IUCN Red List.", "url_status": "dead" }, { "id": "ferguson-lees-christie-2001", "title": "Raptors of the World", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Morphology, subspecies treatment, measurements, identification against other mountain raptors, and natural-history baseline." }, { "id": "cites-appendices", "title": "CITES Appendices I, II and III", "url": "https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php", "what_it_supports": "International trade listing of Gypaetus barbatus on Appendix II.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "birds-directive-2009", "title": "Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the conservation of wild birds", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009L0147", "what_it_supports": "EU legal protection and Annex I listing that drives Special Protection Areas and reintroduction policy.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "margalida-2008-fatty-bones", "title": "Bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus) prefer fatty bones", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Osteophagous diet, bone selection, and the ecological role of ossuaries." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "recognition-and-life-history", "name": "Recognition and life history", "description": "Establish what bird was observed and which aspects of its history are evidenced.", "rationale": "Age-related appearance and managed releases make species recognition, individual identity and origin separate judgements.", "layers": [ { "id": "age-aware-identification", "name": "Age-aware identification", "description": "Evaluate the visible evidence without requiring adult features in immature birds.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-feature-combination", "name": "Diagnostic feature combination", "description": "Record facial markings, beard visibility, head feathering and overall plumage, with observation quality and competing identifications.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which visible features support bearded vulture, and which plausible local raptors remain unexcluded?", "kind": "definition", "id": "diagnostic-feature-combination-q01" }, { "text": "Are apparent missing features explained by age, viewing angle or image quality?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diagnostic-feature-combination-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "individual-continuity", "name": "Individual continuity", "description": "Connect sightings to evidenced age, identity and origin.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-without-assumed-origin", "name": "Identity without assumed origin", "description": "Keep a visual identity match distinct from verified hatch, captive-breeding and release history.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which ring, marking, transmitter or documented feature connects this observation to a known bird?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-without-assumed-origin-q01" }, { "text": "What record supports its age and wild-born or captive-bred origin, and how uncertain is the match?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-without-assumed-origin-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "bone-feeding-and-condition", "name": "Bone feeding and condition", "description": "Represent access to usable food, processing behaviour and evidence of nutritional function.", "rationale": "Carcass availability alone cannot establish that a bone-specialist bird is feeding successfully.", "layers": [ { "id": "food-access-and-selection", "name": "Food access and selection", "description": "Distinguish available remains from food actually selected and consumed.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-food-evidence", "name": "Usable food evidence", "description": "Record bone and soft-tissue use, food origin, accessibility and provisioning status without imposing a universal dietary percentage.", "questions": [ { "text": "What bone or soft tissue did this bird actually consume, rather than merely approach or carry?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-food-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What is known about the remains' origin, potential contamination and suitability for this bird's developmental stage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "usable-food-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "processing-and-functional-condition", "name": "Processing and functional condition", "description": "Evaluate whether observed food handling leads to ingestion and sustained function.", "findings": [ { "id": "bone-processing-success", "name": "Bone-processing success", "description": "Separate carrying, dropping, fragment retrieval and ingestion; retain observation effort so unseen feeding is not classified as failure.", "questions": [ { "text": "Across observed attempts, did bone handling or dropping lead to retrieved and swallowed fragments?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "bone-processing-success-q01" }, { "text": "Do repeated failures, declining measured condition or impaired flight justify specialist assessment, given the bird's age and observation coverage?", "kind": "action", "id": "bone-processing-success-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "mountain-space-and-breeding", "name": "Mountain space and breeding", "description": "Connect resource use, breeding associations and reproductive outcomes.", "rationale": "Foraging locations and nesting commitments have different implications for protection and intervention.", "layers": [ { "id": "functional-site-use", "name": "Functional site use", "description": "Assign site roles from behaviour and repeated observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "site-role-and-occupancy", "name": "Site role and occupancy", "description": "Distinguish passage from repeated use of foraging, bone-breaking, bathing, roosting or nesting locations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed behaviour establishes this location's role for this bird?", "kind": "definition", "id": "site-role-and-occupancy-q01" }, { "text": "What repeated observations distinguish sustained use from a brief visit, and what spatial uncertainty remains?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "site-role-and-occupancy-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "breeding-group-and-dependants", "name": "Breeding group and dependants", "description": "Record participants, nesting stage and dependent-young outcomes without assuming every breeding group is a pair.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-commitment", "name": "Reproductive commitment", "description": "Allow pairs or trios and record eggs, hatchlings and fledglings separately. [Vulture Conservation Foundation](https://4vultures.org/vultures/bearded-vulture/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which identified birds demonstrably incubate, provision or defend this nesting attempt?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reproductive-commitment-q01" }, { "text": "What dated evidence establishes the current stage and survival of each dependent young bird?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-commitment-q02" }, { "text": "How would approaching the nest or removing a participating adult affect the current dependants?", "kind": "action", "id": "reproductive-commitment-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "threats-and-conservation-actions", "name": "Threats and conservation actions", "description": "Connect evidence of harm to justified actions and measurable outcomes.", "rationale": "A distressed bird, an unobserved bird and a failed transmitter require different responses, particularly when breeding or release histories are involved.", "layers": [ { "id": "exposure-and-harm", "name": "Exposure and harm", "description": "Assess hazards through the bird's actual feeding, movement and nesting relationships.", "findings": [ { "id": "hazard-to-outcome-evidence", "name": "Hazard-to-outcome evidence", "description": "Link suspected contaminated remains, infrastructure encounters or nest disturbance to observed effects while retaining alternative explanations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence connects this bird to a specific suspect food source, collision event or disturbance episode?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "hazard-to-outcome-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence establish exposure, functional harm or mortality, or only loss of observation or telemetry?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "hazard-to-outcome-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-and-follow-up", "name": "Intervention and follow-up", "description": "Make action eligibility and subsequent outcomes explicit for this bird.", "findings": [ { "id": "justified-intervention", "name": "Justified intervention", "description": "Record the objective, specialist decision, applicable authority and follow-up evidence for supplementary feeding, rescue, tagging or release.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which action is supported by this bird's feeding competence, flight function, breeding obligations and applicable permissions?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-intervention-q01" }, { "text": "Who is responsible for the decision and execution, and which documented protocol applies?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "justified-intervention-q02" }, { "text": "Which subsequent observations would demonstrate recovery, independent feeding or a need to revise the action?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "justified-intervention-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Gypaetus barbatus barbatus (nominate Eurasian and North African subspecies)", "Gypaetus barbatus meridionalis (Afrotropical subspecies of the Ethiopian highlands, East Africa and southern Africa)", "Himalayan/Central Asian birds, sometimes separated in older lists as G. b. hemachalanus or G. b. aureus but usually lumped in barbatus", "Field age-classes used in monitoring: juvenile (first-year dark plumage), immature/subadult (multi-year mottled transition), adult (pale head, dark beard and diamond tail)", "Conservation management units rather than taxa: remnant Pyrenean, Corsican and Cretan stocks versus the reintroduced Alpine metapopulation", "Captive-breeding and hacking stock used in European reintroduction programmes" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "ICZN binomial", "value_or_pattern": "Gypaetus barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758)", "note": "Type genus of the bone-eating vulture; family Accipitridae." }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q172408", "note": "Item for the species Bearded vulture / Gypaetus barbatus." }, { "scheme": "IUCN / BirdLife species identifier", "value_or_pattern": "22695219", "note": "Shared Red List and Data Zone numeric id." }, { "scheme": "CITES", "value_or_pattern": "Appendix II, listed as Gypaetus barbatus", "note": "Trade in specimens requires permits; not a zero-trade Appendix I listing." }, { "scheme": "eBird / Clements species code", "value_or_pattern": "beavul", "note": "Six-letter code used in eBird checklists and Clements taxonomy exports." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IUCN Red List: Gypaetus barbatus assessed as Near Threatened (BirdLife International as Red List authority).", "CITES Appendix II (CITES Secretariat / UNEP): international commercial trade regulated.", "Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS / Bonn Convention): listed; European populations treated as a high-priority migratory raptor.", "EU Birds Directive 2009/147/EC Annex I (European Union): strict protection and SPA network obligations.", "Bern Convention Appendix II (Council of Europe): strictly protected fauna in party states.", "National threatened-species catalogues (e.g. Spain's Catálogo Español de Especies Amenazadas; French and Swiss species protection laws) that ban killing, nest disturbance and unlicensed possession.", "EU animal-by-product hygiene rules (successors to Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002) that restrict leaving livestock carcasses in the field and thereby govern supplementary feeding sites (muladares)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Wild mountain scavenger encountered by raptor watchers, shepherds and park staff at carcasses, ossuaries and cliff nests in the Pyrenees, Alps, Ethiopia, Drakensberg, Caucasus, Zagros and Himalaya.", "Flagship of European reintroduction: captive breeding, hacking and GPS-tagging run by the Vulture Conservation Foundation and Alpine range-state agencies.", "Indicator in raptor poisoning and lead-ammunition studies because bone and marrow concentrate contaminants.", "Subject of supplementary feeding and carcass-management programmes where sanitary law otherwise removes livestock remains.", "Occasionally held in zoological collections as a conservation-education and breeding species, not as a commodity bird.", "Historical folklore as a lamb-killer (the name lammergeier) is a misreading of its bone-feeding; that reputation drove past persecution." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "wingspan", "typical_range": "230-283", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "body mass (females larger)", "typical_range": "4.5-7.8", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "total length", "typical_range": "94-125", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "adult diet as bone", "typical_range": "70-90", "unit": "% of ingested mass/energy" }, { "quantity": "age at first breeding", "typical_range": "5-8", "unit": "years" }, { "quantity": "clutch size", "typical_range": "1-2", "unit": "eggs" }, { "quantity": "IUCN generation length", "typical_range": "about 14", "unit": "years" }, { "quantity": "typical bone-drop height at ossuaries", "typical_range": "20-150", "unit": "m" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Lead poisoning from ammunition fragments in hunter-shot ungulate carcasses and viscera.", "Illegal poison baits set for wolves, foxes or dogs, still a leading cause of adult mortality in southern Europe.", "Veterinary NSAIDs (notably diclofenac) in livestock carcasses, a documented Gyps-vulture killer and a residual risk for this species where those drugs are used.", "Electrocution on poorly fitted pylons and collision with power lines and wind turbines in mountain passes.", "Nest failure from human disturbance at cliff sites (climbing, helicopters, photography).", "Food shortage where carcass hygiene rules and declines in extensive pastoralism remove the bone supply.", "Obligate cainism: the second chick is almost always killed, so productivity is one young per successful pair.", "Inbreeding and stochastic loss in tiny isolated remnants (Corsica, Crete, some African isolates).", "Direct shooting and trapping, now rarer but not extinct as a threat." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "English and older Germanic usage still prefers lammergeier (from German Lämmergeier, 'lamb vulture'); Spanish uses quebrantahuesos ('bone-breaker'); French gypaète barbu; German Bartgeier; Italian gipeto.", "Two-subspecies split is the working taxonomic practice: barbatus across Europe, North Africa and Asia; meridionalis in sub-Saharan Africa, the latter often smaller and with a plainer head.", "European conservation is dominated by reintroduction, GPS tags and feeding sites; African and Himalayan practice is mostly protection of wild cliff-nesting pairs with far less captive management.", "Rust staining of adult plumage is widespread but not universal; it depends on local iron-rich dust baths, so 'orange' versus 'white' adults are environmental, not taxonomic.", "Legal carcass disposal is strictest in the EU, which is why vulture restaurants are a European management tool more than an African or Central Asian one." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus)", "difference": "Griffons have a short square tail, broad slotted wings and a pale ruff; bearded vultures show a long diamond-shaped tail, pointed wings in a shallow V, and no ruff. In flight the silhouette is the reliable split." }, { "name": "Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus)", "difference": "Egyptian vultures are much smaller, adults are white with black flight feathers and a bare yellow face; they lack the black eye-stripe 'beard' and do not specialise on dropping large bones." }, { "name": "Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)", "difference": "Eagles have fully feathered tarsi, a shorter rounded tail and they kill live prey; bearded vultures have bare tarsi, a longer wedge/diamond tail, and are scavengers. Juveniles are the usual confusion; tail shape and flight style separate them." }, { "name": "Cinereous (Eurasian black) vulture (Aegypius monachus)", "difference": "A uniformly dark, massive soaring vulture with a short wedge tail and pale feet; never shows the bearded vulture's pale head, black bandit mask, or bone-dropping behaviour." }, { "name": "Himalayan vulture (Gyps himalayensis)", "difference": "A huge pale Gyps of the same mountains, with a short tail and ruff; bearded vultures are slimmer, long-tailed, and forage by searching slopes rather than circling in tight Gyps kettles." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of bearded vulture this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which validated regional identification guides provide reliable immature-age criteria and distinctions from locally confusable eagles and vultures?", "Which age-specific food requirements and feeding-competence criteria should govern assessment of nestlings, fledglings and released juveniles?", "Which regional breeding calendars, nesting-stage indicators and disturbance thresholds should parameterise site-level decisions?", "Which validated condition measures and exposure tests distinguish normal inactivity or temporary feeding failure from cases requiring intervention?", "Which current local authorities, permissions and specialist protocols govern feeding, handling, tagging, release and access to sensitive nest locations?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a bearded vulture, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a bearded vulture, assess its condition and ecological dependencies, and determine which observation, conservation or care actions are justified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 96 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a bearded vulture, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 96 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one bearded vulture from another, and a bearded vulture from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a bearded vulture sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a bearded vulture from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a bearded vulture is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a bearded vulture and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a bearded vulture is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a bearded vulture is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a bearded vulture is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a bearded vulture moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a bearded vulture passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a bearded vulture between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a bearded vulture, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a bearded vulture is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What bearded vulture is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of bearded vulture, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate bearded vulture from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish bearded vulture from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What bearded vulture does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does bearded vulture pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of bearded vulture judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where bearded vulture lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of bearded vulture, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does bearded vulture hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a bearded vulture came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a bearded vulture and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a bearded vulture is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a bearded vulture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a bearded vulture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a bearded vulture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }