{ "model": { "rank": 1219, "code": "thing-q12638", "model_id": "vr.tr.gross-domestic-product", "name": "gross domestic product", "purpose": "Let an agent explain GDP, relay definitions, measurement approaches, variants and critiques from statistical and economic sources with attribution, describe the variants and series the registry aliases name, and distinguish GDP from GNI, GDP per capita, wealth and well-being measures, without investment advice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q12638/", "tier": 2, "score": 167, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "gross domestic product at purchasing power parity", "nominal gross domestic product", "German Annual GDP", "Eurozone Annual GDP", "gross regional domestic product", "real gross domestic product", "GDP per capita" ], "aliasCount": 7, "merged": 7, "knownIn": 167, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q12638", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T19:14:32Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q12638", "registryId": "vr.tr.gross-domestic-product", "name": "gross domestic product", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12638/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.gross-domestic-product", "name": "gross domestic product", "purpose": "Let an agent explain GDP, relay definitions, measurement approaches, variants and critiques from statistical and economic sources with attribution, describe the variants and series the registry aliases name, and distinguish GDP from GNI, GDP per capita, wealth and well-being measures, without investment advice.", "definition": "A macroeconomic indicator measuring the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country or region in a period, compiled under the System of National Accounts, expressed as nominal GDP at current prices, real GDP adjusted for inflation and GDP at purchasing power parity for international comparison, with regional measures such as gross regional domestic product and published series such as annual GDP for Germany and the eurozone; GDP is widely used but criticised as a measure of welfare.", "what_it_is_for": "Measuring economic output.", "affordances": [ "explain definitions and approaches", "relay variants and series", "describe critiques with attribution", "distinguish related measures" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Flow measure", "Three approaches", "Nominal and real", "Welfare critiques" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a statistic.", "visual_identification": [ "Value of final output produced in an economy", "Nominal, real and PPP GDP, gross regional domestic product, German and eurozone annual GDP series", "GNI adds net income from abroad; GDP per capita divides by population; wealth is a stock; well-being indices are broader" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "SNA 2008", "typical_range": "current international standard", "unit": "note", "note": "SNA 2025 update underway" }, { "quantity": "approaches", "typical_range": "production, expenditure, income", "unit": "list", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "world GDP", "typical_range": "about 105", "unit": "trillion USD", "note": "2023 nominal, IMF" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "nominal GDP", "real GDP", "GDP at purchasing power parity", "GDP per capita", "gross regional domestic product", "quarterly and annual national series" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "macroeconomic indicator", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is compiled under", "target": "System of National Accounts", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "gross national income", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is criticised by", "target": "Beyond GDP", "why": "initiatives" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "System of National Accounts", "European System of Accounts ESA 2010" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Treating GDP as well-being", "Mixing nominal and real figures", "Stale data" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What GDP is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is GDP, and how does it differ from GNI, GDP per capita, wealth and well-being measures?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about concepts, a country s data, comparisons or investment decisions the model does not advise on?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "variants", "name": "Variants", "description": "Variants.", "findings": [ { "id": "variants-finding", "name": "Variants", "description": "Variants.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are nominal, real, PPP and regional GDP, and national annual series?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific variant?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measurement", "name": "Measurement", "description": "Measurement.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "approaches", "name": "Approaches", "description": "Approaches.", "findings": [ { "id": "approaches-finding", "name": "Approaches", "description": "Approaches.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are production, expenditure and income approaches reconciled?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "revisions", "name": "Revisions", "description": "Revisions and quality.", "findings": [ { "id": "revisions-finding", "name": "Revisions", "description": "Revisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why are GDP figures revised, and what are data quality issues?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "debates", "name": "Debates", "description": "Uses and critiques.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "uses", "name": "Uses", "description": "Uses.", "findings": [ { "id": "uses-finding", "name": "Uses", "description": "Uses.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is GDP used in policy, comparisons and forecasting?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits economic growth?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "critiques", "name": "Critiques", "description": "Critiques.", "findings": [ { "id": "critiques-finding", "name": "Critiques", "description": "Critiques.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do critics and Beyond GDP initiatives argue, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation balanced?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Kuznets and others develop national accounts?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Simon Kuznets?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "comparison", "name": "Comparison", "description": "International comparison.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparison-finding", "name": "Comparison", "description": "Comparison.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do PPP conversions and the International Comparison Program work?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits purchasing power parity?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should PPP GDP and regional GDP be separate primary entries?", "How should statistical sources be linked?", "The registry aliases naming national series are instances; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a gross domestic product, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain GDP, relay definitions, measurement approaches, variants and critiques from statistical and economic sources with attribution, describe the variants and series the registry aliases name, and distinguish GDP from GNI, GDP per capita, wealth and well-being measures, without investment advice.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: gross domestic product at purchasing power parity, nominal gross domestic product, German Annual GDP, Eurozone Annual GDP, gross regional domestic product, real gross domestic product, GDP per capita.", "7 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 167 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a gross domestic product, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "gross domestic product at purchasing power parity", "nominal gross domestic product", "German Annual GDP", "Eurozone Annual GDP", "gross regional domestic product", "real gross domestic product", "GDP per capita" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 167 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 7 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one gross domestic product from another, and a gross domestic product from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a gross domestic product, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a gross domestic product, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a gross domestic product is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a gross domestic product, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a gross domestic product, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a gross domestic product is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a gross domestic product sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a gross domestic product, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a gross domestic product, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a gross domestic product is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a gross domestic product from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a gross domestic product, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a gross domestic product, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a gross domestic product is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a gross domestic product passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a gross domestic product between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a gross domestic product, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a gross domestic product, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a gross domestic product is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a gross domestic product, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a gross domestic product is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a gross domestic product, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a gross domestic product, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a gross domestic product is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a gross domestic product says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a gross domestic product contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a gross domestic product, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a gross domestic product, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a gross domestic product is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a gross domestic product and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a gross domestic product, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a gross domestic product, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a gross domestic product is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of gross domestic product a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For gross domestic product, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of gross domestic product exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made gross domestic product and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to gross domestic product, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in gross domestic product, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a gross domestic product came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a gross domestic product and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a gross domestic product, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a gross domestic product, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a gross domestic product is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a gross domestic product is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a gross domestic product, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a gross domestic product, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a gross domestic product is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }