folic acid
Enable an agent to identify folic acid, assess the condition and suitability of a specific lot, and determine which handling or use actions its evidence supports.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an agent to identify folic acid, assess the condition and suitability of a specific lot, and determine which handling or use actions its evidence supports.
Folic acid is pteroyl-L-glutamic acid, an oxidized, water-soluble member of the vitamin B9 family that is converted in the body to reduced folate cofactors supporting one-carbon metabolism.
It can be Authenticate a folic acid lot against reference identity evidence.; Calculate folic acid content from material mass, assay, and the declared moisture basis.; Select a documented dissolution and handling procedure for a specified application.; Assess whether storage excursions require quarantine or analytical retesting.; Compare a lot with an applicable food, pharmaceutical, reagent, or reference-standard specification.; Pass verified substance quantities and eligibility constraints to a linked product model..
Distinguishing features
Confirm the fully oxidized monoglutamate form: the broader term folate also includes other forms and cannot establish folic acid identity. [NIH ODS](https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-HealthProfessional/)
Match chemical structure and stereochemistry alongside identifiers; PubChem lists formula C19H19N7O6, CAS 59-30-3, and CID 135398658. [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/folic%20acid)
Require an identity method that distinguishes folic acid from reduced folate forms rather than accepting a nonspecific total-folate result.
Distinguish a folic acid substance lot from a product containing folic acid by documenting carriers, excipients, and the concentration basis.
Check whether an identity or assay declaration refers to the free acid, a hydrated material, or a related salt before treating records as equivalent.
Scope
+ Chemical identity and differentiation from other folate forms
+ Lot composition, assay basis, impurities, hydration, and grade
+ Physical state, dissolution behavior, and condition-dependent measurements
+ Storage history, degradation, packaging, and retest status
+ Substance handling requirements and eligibility for specified applications
+ Folic acid quantity and its relation to nutritional reporting units
- The folate vitamin family as a whole
- Distinct substances such as folinic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
- Finished tablets, fortified foods, and multicomponent premixes
- Individual diagnosis, prescribing, and supplementation plans
- Complete folate metabolism and disease models
- Manufacturing equipment and production process design
Characteristics
- Chemical identity
- Structure and stereochemistry; CAS, PubChem CID, and verified EC mapping Prevents synonymous vitamin labels from merging chemically distinct folate forms.
- Material form
- Solid or dissolved; hydration and solid form where established; solvent and pH for solutions Determines how assay, dissolution, and stability evidence should be interpreted.
- Folic acid assay
- % mass fraction or mg/g; as-is, dried, or anhydrous basis; method and uncertainty Connects weighed material to actual folic acid content.
- Water content
- % mass fraction with method; distinguish water determination from loss on drying Supports assay correction without assuming all mass lost during drying is water.
- Related substances and contaminants
- Named analytes in %, mg/kg, or method-specific units; detection and quantification limits Separates acceptable folic acid content from unacceptable degradation or contamination.
- Grade and specification
- Declared food, pharmaceutical, reagent, or reference-standard grade; specification edition and conformity evidence A chemical name alone does not establish suitability for ingestion, manufacture, or calibration.
- Solubility and dissolution
- mg/mL or g/L; solvent, pH, temperature, equilibration time, and material form Supports preparation decisions while distinguishing equilibrium solubility from dissolution rate.
- Thermal behavior
- °C with method and pressure; melting, decomposition, or no applicable boiling measurement Prevents decomposition observations from being reported as ordinary phase-transition constants.
- Stability and disposition
- Released, quarantined, retest due, expired, or rejected; dated storage and analytical evidence Determines whether the present material remains suitable for its intended action.
- Nutritional quantity basis
- µg folic acid; µg dietary folate equivalents only with an applicable conversion rule Prevents nutritional equivalence units from being mistaken for chemical mass.
- Use and hazard authority
- Applicable jurisdiction, application, specification, safety data sheet, classification, and effective date Makes handling and use decisions traceable to the correct material and governing context.
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 6 bundles · 11 layers · 20 findings · 39 questions.
Folic acid identity Establish the particular chemical species represented by the registry entry.
Folate and vitamin B9 labels are broader than the chemical identity needed for substance decisions.
Molecular recognition
Resolve structure, identifiers, and analytical identity.
Structure and identifier agreement
Require identifiers and identity results to refer to the same folic acid species.
- Which structure, stereochemistry, CAS number, PubChem CID, and EC record identify this material? definition
- Which reference standard and analytical method support the lot's folic acid identity? provenance
Folate and product boundaries
Separate this substance from related folates and preparations.
Species versus label
Make broad vitamin labels, related chemical forms, and product membership explicit.
- Does the evidence identify folic acid specifically, or only total folate activity? boundary
- Is the record a free-acid material, hydrated material, related salt, or preparation containing folic acid? boundary
- Which linked model owns any carrier, excipient, or finished dosage form? boundary
Folic acid lot quality Describe the quantity and quality of folic acid actually present.
Nominal identity does not establish usable content or grade conformity.
Assay and mass basis
Reconcile potency, water, and weighed material.
Interpretable folic acid content
Bind each content result to its analytical selectivity and reporting basis.
- What folic acid assay was measured, by which method, and on what mass basis? measurement
- How was water or drying loss determined, and does the reported assay already incorporate that correction? measurement
- Can the method distinguish intact folic acid from related folates and degradation products? measurement
Grade and related substances
Connect lot acceptance to named impurity limits and specifications.
Evidenced grade conformity
Treat grade as demonstrated conformity to an identified specification.
- Which specification and edition define this folic acid grade? provenance
- Which related substances, residual solvents, elemental contaminants, and other required attributes were tested against which limits? measurement
- Do missing tests or out-of-specification results prevent release for the intended application? action
Folic acid physical behavior Capture material behavior under specified preparation and measurement conditions.
A single unqualified solubility or thermal value cannot support reliable handling decisions.
Solid form and thermal response
Describe the supplied solid and distinguish phase changes from decomposition.
Conditioned solid properties
Associate observations with the tested folic acid form and method.
- What hydration, crystallinity, particle-size distribution, and appearance are established for this lot? measurement
- Does the reported thermal event represent melting, decomposition, or both, and under which test conditions? measurement
- Is a boiling point experimentally meaningful for this material, or should the property remain unavailable? boundary
Dissolution and solution conditions
Describe how folic acid enters and remains in a specified solution.
Usable solution preparation
Require preparation conditions that preserve interpretable concentration and identity.
- What solubility or dissolution result applies at the intended solvent composition, pH, and temperature? measurement
- Does the preparation procedure change ionization, cause precipitation, or produce measurable degradation? measurement
- Which documented procedure achieves the required folic acid concentration and holding time? action
Folic acid preservation Judge continued fitness from storage, packaging, and stability evidence.
Original release results cannot establish the condition of a stored solid or prepared solution indefinitely.
Storage and exposure history
Track conditions relevant to the applicable stability evidence.
Supported storage envelope
Relate actual exposure and packaging to demonstrated stability.
- Which temperature, light, humidity, and container conditions are supported for this grade and material form? provenance
- What opening events, transfers, or excursions occurred during storage and transport? provenance
Degradation and retest
Use current evidence to determine material disposition.
Current folic acid fitness
Evaluate intact content and relevant degradants rather than appearance alone.
- Which stability-indicating measurements establish retained folic acid content and degradation levels? measurement
- What evidence establishes the expiry, retest date, or solution holding time? provenance
- Do elapsed time, excursions, or analytical results require quarantine, retesting, or rejection? action
Folic acid use eligibility Connect substance quality and quantity to a specific authorized application.
Chemical identity, nutritional reporting, occupational handling, and product permission answer different decision questions.
Application and quantity basis
Determine whether the lot and its reported quantity fit the intended use.
Eligible ingredient and content
Keep chemical mass distinct from nutritional equivalence and application-specific limits.
- Which jurisdiction, product category, and current requirements govern use of this folic acid lot? boundary
- Is the downstream quantity expressed as folic acid mass or dietary folate equivalents, and which rule supports any conversion? measurement
- What grade, inclusion limits, and labeling constraints must be passed to the linked product model? action
Handling and decision limits
Establish substance handling controls and the boundary of ingestion decisions.
Evidenced handling controls
Bind hazard and exposure decisions to the supplied material and applicable authority.
- Which current safety data sheet and jurisdiction-specific GHS classification apply to this folic acid material? provenance
- Is there a substance-specific occupational exposure limit, or must the assessment consider applicable particulate limits and process exposure? boundary
- Which handling, spill, and disposal controls are supported for the actual quantity and physical form? action
Clinical decision handoff
Pass substance evidence to clinical or dietary models without inferring personal suitability.
- Which downstream model owns assessment of individual intake, vitamin B12 status, and medication interactions? boundary
- What verified folic acid identity, amount, and quality evidence must accompany that handoff? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- This is a recall-based description; no sources were consulted.
- Verify current monograph editions, jurisdiction-specific rules and grade-specific impurity limits before regulatory use.
- Confirm solid form, hydration, pH and test conditions before adding solubility or thermal constants; verify hazard classification against the relevant supplier safety data sheet.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of folic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Pharmaceutical-grade folic acid
- Food-grade folic acid
- Analytical reference-standard folic acid
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of folic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- CAS Registry Number - 59-30-3 - Identifies folic acid; salts and related folates require separate identity checks.
- Molecular formula - C19H19N7O6 - Formula of anhydrous folic acid; not a unique substance identifier.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of folic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary: folic acid quality monograph issued by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention.
- European Pharmacopoeia: folic acid quality monograph issued under the Council of Europe's European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare.
- Food Chemicals Codex: folic acid ingredient specifications published by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention.
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of folic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Fortification of flour, cereals and other foods.
- Vitamin B9 ingredient in dietary supplements.
- Medicinal treatment of folate deficiency.
- Periconceptional supplementation to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.
- Nutrient in laboratory culture media.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of folic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Molar mass of anhydrous folic acid - 441.40 - g/mol
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of folic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Folic acid can correct the anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency while neurological injury continues, potentially delaying recognition of the deficiency.
- Light exposure and unsuitable storage or processing conditions can reduce potency.
- Limited water solubility, strongly dependent on pH, can complicate formulation and dissolution.
- Interactions with antifolate medicines and some antiseizure medicines require assessment in medicinal use.
- Confusing folic acid mass with dietary folate equivalents can produce intake or labeling errors.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of folic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Mandatory food-fortification policies differ by jurisdiction in covered foods and required folic acid levels.
- Permitted uses, labeling requirements and classification as a food ingredient, supplement or medicine vary by jurisdiction.
- Applicable purity and assay requirements depend on the pharmacopoeia or food specification and its edition.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of folic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Folate - Folate denotes a family of vitamin B9 compounds; folic acid is one specific oxidized member.
- Folinic acid - Folinic acid is 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, a reduced folate chemically distinct from folic acid.
- 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate - This is a reduced, methylated folate rather than the oxidized pteroylglutamic acid structure.
- Folic acid supplement - A supplement is a formulated product containing folic acid and potentially other ingredients; folic acid is the substance itself.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of folic acid this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Which existing Vercy publication, if any, already owns folic acid or its relevant chemical scope and should be linked as the source of truth?
- Which authoritative EC mapping, hydration conventions, and salt boundaries should govern identifier reconciliation for this registry entry?
- Which current food and pharmaceutical specifications define the required folic acid assays, impurity limits, and grade distinctions in the target jurisdictions?
- Which primary measurements establish form-specific solubility, thermal decomposition, degradation pathways, and storage or solution holding limits?
- Which current jurisdiction-specific sources establish GHS classification, occupational exposure requirements, permitted applications, and nutritional quantity conversions?