{ "model": { "rank": 8592, "code": "thing-q12772819", "model_id": "vr.tr.discovery", "name": "discovery", "purpose": "Let an agent explain discovery as a concept across fields, relay how discoveries are made, verified and credited from philosophy of science and historical sources with attribution, describe the kinds the registry aliases name, and distinguish discovery from invention, hypothesis and unverified claims, treating sensitive discoveries respectfully.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q12772819/", "tier": 2, "score": 50, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "earliest written record", "rediscovery", "discovery of cell types", "2021 Canadian Indian residential school gravesite discoveries", "Noah's Ark sighting", "causal discovery", "keyword discovery", "research discovery", "serendipity", "Finding of the True Cross", "discovery doctrine", "literature-based discovery", "corpse discovery" ], "aliasCount": 13, "merged": 13, "knownIn": 50, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.discovery-2", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q12772819", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12772819", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T19:00:32Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q12772819", "registryId": "vr.tr.discovery", "name": "discovery", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q12772819/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.discovery", "name": "discovery", "purpose": "Let an agent explain discovery as a concept across fields, relay how discoveries are made, verified and credited from philosophy of science and historical sources with attribution, describe the kinds the registry aliases name, and distinguish discovery from invention, hypothesis and unverified claims, treating sensitive discoveries respectfully.", "definition": "The act or result of finding something previously unknown or unrecognised, in science, exploration, archaeology and daily life, including rediscoveries of lost works or species, discoveries of new cell types and causal discovery methods in statistics, and the identification of the earliest written records; the registry aliases also name specific and sensitive matters, such as the 2021 identification of potential unmarked graves at former Canadian Indian residential schools, which Indigenous communities and governments continue to investigate, and claimed sightings of Noah s Ark, which are not accepted by archaeologists; these are presented with attribution and respect.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; an act and outcome.", "affordances": [ "explain the concept", "relay verification and credit", "describe kinds", "distinguish discoveries from claims" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Previously unknown", "Verification needed", "Credit and priority", "Sensitive cases" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; an act of finding.", "visual_identification": [ "Finding something previously unknown", "Rediscovery, discovery of cell types, causal discovery, earliest written record, residential school gravesite identifications, Noah s Ark claims", "Invention creates something new; hypotheses await testing; unverified claims lack evidence" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "residential school findings", "typical_range": "announced from May 2021", "unit": "note", "note": "Tk emlups te Secwepemc and others" }, { "quantity": "priority disputes", "typical_range": "common in science history", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "registry parent", "typical_range": "finding", "unit": "note", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "scientific discoveries", "geographic and archaeological discoveries", "rediscoveries", "data-driven and causal discovery", "discoveries of burial sites investigated with communities", "claimed discoveries lacking scholarly acceptance" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "finding", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "invention", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is validated by", "target": "peer review", "why": "in science" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "rediscovery", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Research ethics and archaeological permits", "Indigenous rights frameworks such as UNDRIP for burial sites" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Presenting unverified claims as discoveries", "Disrespect toward Indigenous communities and victims", "Registry aliases mixing concepts and specific events" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What discovery is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a discovery, and how does it differ from invention, hypothesis and unverified claims?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about a concept, a scientific finding, a sensitive event affecting communities, or a disputed claim needing attribution?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "kinds", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinds-finding", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are rediscoveries, cell type discoveries, causal discovery and earliest written records?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "science", "name": "Science", "description": "Science.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "process", "name": "Process", "description": "How discoveries happen.", "findings": [ { "id": "process-finding", "name": "Process", "description": "Process.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do philosophers and historians describe the process of discovery, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "credit", "name": "Credit", "description": "Verification and credit.", "findings": [ { "id": "credit-finding", "name": "Credit", "description": "Credit.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are discoveries verified and credited, and how are priority disputes resolved?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sensitive", "name": "Sensitive", "description": "Sensitive cases.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "graves", "name": "Graves", "description": "Residential school sites.", "findings": [ { "id": "graves-finding", "name": "Graves", "description": "Graves.", "questions": [ { "text": "What have Indigenous communities, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and governments reported about potential unmarked graves, with sources attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation respectful, attributed and supportive of affected communities, with support lines noted where appropriate?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "claims", "name": "Claims", "description": "Disputed claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "claims-finding", "name": "Claims", "description": "Claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do archaeologists assess claimed sightings of Noah s Ark, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits pseudoarchaeology?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Data and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "causal", "name": "Causal", "description": "Causal discovery.", "findings": [ { "id": "causal-finding", "name": "Causal", "description": "Causal.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are causal discovery algorithms in statistics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits causal inference?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Age of discovery.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the idea of discovery debated in histories of exploration and colonisation, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Age of Discovery?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the residential school gravesite investigations be a separate primary entry handled with community sources?", "How should philosophy of science sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific events and fringe claims; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a discovery, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain discovery as a concept across fields, relay how discoveries are made, verified and credited from philosophy of science and historical sources with attribution, describe the kinds the registry aliases name, and distinguish discovery from invention, hypothesis and unverified claims, treating sensitive discoveries respectfully.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: earliest written record, rediscovery, discovery of cell types, 2021 Canadian Indian residential school gravesite discoveries, Noah's Ark sighting, causal discovery, keyword discovery, research discovery, serendipity, Finding of the True Cross, discovery doctrine, literature-based discovery.", "13 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 50 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a discovery, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "earliest written record", "rediscovery", "discovery of cell types", "2021 Canadian Indian residential school gravesite discoveries", "Noah's Ark sighting", "causal discovery", "keyword discovery", "research discovery", "serendipity", "Finding of the True Cross", "discovery doctrine", "literature-based discovery" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 50 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 13 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one discovery from another, and a discovery from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a discovery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a discovery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a discovery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a discovery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a discovery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a discovery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a discovery sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a discovery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a discovery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a discovery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a discovery from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a discovery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a discovery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a discovery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a discovery passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a discovery between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a discovery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a discovery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a discovery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a discovery, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a discovery is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a discovery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a discovery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a discovery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a discovery proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a discovery, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a discovery and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a discovery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a discovery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a discovery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a discovery consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a discovery takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a discovery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a discovery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a discovery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What discovery is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of discovery are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is discovery operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of discovery and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of discovery?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as discovery?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a discovery came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a discovery and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a discovery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a discovery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a discovery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a discovery is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a discovery, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a discovery, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a discovery is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }