{ "model": { "rank": 8476, "code": "thing-q1290671", "model_id": "vr.tr.ruy-lopez", "name": "Ruy Lopez", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Ruy Lopez and its main variations, relay theory and history from chess references, describe typical plans in general terms, and route to entries for specific variations.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q1290671/", "tier": 2, "score": 51, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Morphy Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Alapin Variation", "Berlin Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Center Gambit", "Ruy Lopez, Classical Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Smyslov Defence", "Schliemann–Jänisch Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Exchange Variation", "Ruy Lopez, Brentano Gambit", "Ruy Lopez, Old Steinitz Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Bird's Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Cozio Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Møller Defence", "Berlin Defence, Beverwijk Variation", "Berlin, Rio de Janeiro Variation", "Ruy Lopez, Mortimer Trap", "Cordel Gambit" ], "aliasCount": 17, "merged": 17, "knownIn": 51, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q1290671", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1290671", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T03:12:17Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1290671", "registryId": "vr.tr.ruy-lopez", "name": "Ruy Lopez", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1290671/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.ruy-lopez", "name": "Ruy Lopez", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Ruy Lopez and its main variations, relay theory and history from chess references, describe typical plans in general terms, and route to entries for specific variations.", "definition": "A chess opening beginning 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5, named after the sixteenth-century Spanish priest Ruy Lopez de Segura and also called the Spanish Opening, one of the oldest and most studied openings, with major branches including the Morphy Defence 3...a6, the Berlin Defence 3...Nf6, the Classical Defence 3...Bc5, the Smyslov Defence and the Alapin Variation, and many further systems such as the Closed, Open, Marshall Attack and Exchange Variation; it remains a mainstay of top-level play.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a chess opening.", "affordances": [ "explain the opening and variations", "relay theory and history", "describe typical plans", "route to specific variations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Bishop to b5", "Deep theory", "Many defences", "Enduring popularity" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a position with the white bishop on b5.", "visual_identification": [ "1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5", "Morphy, Berlin, Classical, Smyslov and other defences; Closed, Open, Marshall, Exchange systems", "The Italian Game places the bishop on c4; the Scotch plays 3.d4" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "ECO codes", "typical_range": "C60-C99", "unit": "range", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "first analysed", "typical_range": "1561", "unit": "year", "note": "Ruy Lopez de Segura" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "Morphy Defence 3...a6 with Closed, Open, Exchange and Marshall systems", "Berlin Defence 3...Nf6", "Classical Defence 3...Bc5", "Smyslov Defence 3...g6", "Alapin Variation 3...Bb4", "Schliemann and other rare defences", "Center Gambit lines" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "King's Knight Opening", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is named after", "target": "Ruy Lopez de Segura", "why": "the sixteenth-century priest" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "Italian Game", "why": "with the bishop on c4" }, { "relation": "is classified in", "target": "Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings", "why": "as C60 to C99" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ECO", "value_or_pattern": "C60-C99", "note": "Ruy Lopez" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "No regulation; FIDE rules of chess apply to play" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing variation names", "Stale theoretical assessments", "Overstating engine evaluations" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What the Ruy Lopez is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and ideas.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the Ruy Lopez, and what are its main strategic ideas for both sides?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the Ruy Lopez, a specific variation or another 1.e4 e5 opening?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "variations", "name": "Variations", "description": "Variations.", "findings": [ { "id": "variations-finding", "name": "Variations", "description": "Variations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the Morphy, Berlin, Classical, Smyslov and Alapin defences and the main systems after 3...a6?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific variation?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "play", "name": "Play", "description": "Playing it.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "plans", "name": "Plans", "description": "Typical plans.", "findings": [ { "id": "plans-finding", "name": "Plans", "description": "Plans.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are typical middlegame plans and pawn structures in the Closed, Open and Exchange systems?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "repertoire", "name": "Repertoire", "description": "Repertoire choices.", "findings": [ { "id": "repertoire-finding", "name": "Repertoire", "description": "Repertoire.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do players build a Ruy Lopez repertoire for White or Black?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which entry fits chess opening theory?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "theory", "name": "Theory", "description": "Theory and games.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "games", "name": "Games", "description": "Model games.", "findings": [ { "id": "games-finding", "name": "Games", "description": "Games.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which classic and modern games illustrate the opening, with sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "engines", "name": "Engines", "description": "Engine era.", "findings": [ { "id": "engines-finding", "name": "Engines", "description": "Engines.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have engines and the Berlin Defence changed assessments of the Ruy Lopez?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits computer chess?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did the opening develop from Ruy Lopez de Segura through Morphy, Steinitz and the world champions?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of chess openings?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Culture.", "findings": [ { "id": "culture-finding", "name": "Culture", "description": "Culture.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why is the Ruy Lopez called the Spanish torture, and how does it feature in chess culture?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits chess culture?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the Berlin Defence and the Marshall Attack be separate entries?", "How should chess databases be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming variations; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Ruy Lopez, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the Ruy Lopez and its main variations, relay theory and history from chess references, describe typical plans in general terms, and route to entries for specific variations.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Morphy Defence, Ruy Lopez, Alapin Variation, Berlin Defence, Ruy Lopez, Center Gambit, Ruy Lopez, Classical Defence, Ruy Lopez, Smyslov Defence, Schliemann–Jänisch Defence, Ruy Lopez, Exchange Variation, Ruy Lopez, Brentano Gambit, Ruy Lopez, Old Steinitz Defence, Ruy Lopez, Bird's Defence, Ruy Lopez, Cozio Defence.", "17 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 51 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Ruy Lopez, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Morphy Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Alapin Variation", "Berlin Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Center Gambit", "Ruy Lopez, Classical Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Smyslov Defence", "Schliemann–Jänisch Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Exchange Variation", "Ruy Lopez, Brentano Gambit", "Ruy Lopez, Old Steinitz Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Bird's Defence", "Ruy Lopez, Cozio Defence" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 51 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 17 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Ruy Lopez from another, and a Ruy Lopez from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Ruy Lopez, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Ruy Lopez, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Ruy Lopez is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Ruy Lopez, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Ruy Lopez, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Ruy Lopez is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Ruy Lopez sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Ruy Lopez, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Ruy Lopez, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Ruy Lopez is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Ruy Lopez from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Ruy Lopez, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Ruy Lopez, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Ruy Lopez is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Ruy Lopez passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Ruy Lopez between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Ruy Lopez, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Ruy Lopez, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Ruy Lopez is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Ruy Lopez, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Ruy Lopez is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Ruy Lopez, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Ruy Lopez, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Ruy Lopez is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What Ruy Lopez is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of Ruy Lopez are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is Ruy Lopez operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of Ruy Lopez and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of Ruy Lopez?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as Ruy Lopez?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Ruy Lopez came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Ruy Lopez and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Ruy Lopez, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Ruy Lopez, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Ruy Lopez is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Ruy Lopez is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Ruy Lopez, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Ruy Lopez, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Ruy Lopez is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }