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Research draft

Taylor series

vr.tr.taylor-series · XCT.REL

Let an agent handle Taylor series by function, centre, terms, convergence and error bounds.

Thing Registry Cross-cutting context

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent handle Taylor series by function, centre, terms, convergence and error bounds.

A representation of a function as an infinite sum of terms computed from its derivatives at a single point; centred at zero it is called a Maclaurin series.

What it is for: Approximating functions, analysing behaviour and computing numerically.

It can be compute the series; truncate to a polynomial approximation; bound the remainder; find the radius of convergence.

Distinguishing features

Built from derivatives at a point

Converges within a radius

Remainder terms bound errors

Not all smooth functions equal their series

What it looks like

A sum of terms f^(n)(a)/n! times (x - a)^n.

How it is recognised

Factorials and powers of (x - a)

Maclaurin series when a = 0

Laurent series include negative powers

Related models

is a kind of - category

power series

uses - ingredient

derivative

is generalised by - generalisation

Laurent series

is studied in - field

calculus

In practice

Families and kinds

Maclaurin series

Taylor polynomials

multivariable Taylor series

Taylor expansions in statistics (delta method)

Failure modes and hazards

Using outside the radius of convergence

Ignoring remainder error

Assuming analyticity

Also called

Taylor expansions for the moments of functions of random variablesMacLaurin series

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Series Which expansion.

Function and centre define it.

Function

What is expanded.

Function

Function and centre.

  1. Which function is expanded, about which point? definition
  2. What are the first terms? measurement

Terms

Coefficients.

Terms

Coefficients.

  1. What is the general term? definition
  2. How are derivatives computed? action
Convergence Where it works.

Convergence limits use.

Radius

Radius of convergence.

Radius

Radius.

  1. What is the radius of convergence? measurement
  2. What happens at the boundary? boundary

Analyticity

Equality.

Analyticity

Analyticity.

  1. Does the series equal the function in that region? boundary
  2. Is there a counterexample? boundary
Approximation Truncation.

Truncation gives approximations.

Order

Terms kept.

Order

Truncation order.

  1. How many terms are needed for the required accuracy? measurement
  2. Over what interval? boundary

Error

Remainder.

Error

Error bound.

  1. What is the remainder bound? measurement
  2. Which remainder form is used? definition
Applications Uses.

Taylor series are everywhere.

Numerics

Computation.

Numerics

Numerical use.

  1. How is the series used in numerical methods? definition
  2. Is it stable? boundary

Physics

Linearisation.

Physics

Linearisation.

  1. How does linearisation use the first terms? definition
  2. When is it valid? boundary

What the second pass must settle

  • Should Taylor polynomials be a separate entry?
  • How should standard expansions be listed?
  • How should the statistics use be linked?