{ "model": { "rank": 3848, "code": "thing-q131257", "model_id": "vr.tr.intellectual-property", "name": "intellectual property", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify an intellectual-property asset, distinguish its subject matter from associated rights, assess its documented status, and determine which proposed uses require further authorization or review.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q131257/", "tier": 2, "score": 81, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "club variety", "intellectual property law", "copyright law", "copyrighted", "protected name", "trade secret", "Analysis of Decision Making in Foods Consumption of University Students from the Perspective of Neuroeconomics", "author's rights", "right to the integrity of the work", "exploitation right", "press publisher's right", "corporate authorship", "copylefted", "hanken", "artistic property", "industrial design right", "patents", "industrial property", "indigenous intellectual property", "related rights", "Design right", "Smell rights", "literary property", "utility model", "trade dress", "Community design" ], "aliasCount": 26, "merged": 26, "knownIn": 81, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q131257", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T18:54:09Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 30, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08784-4357-7bc2-9434-9bcdf7636c91\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: intellectual property\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004:", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08784-4361-7111-8fb3-af328a2620d0\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: intellectual property\nRegistry id: vr.tr.intellectual-property\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into t" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q131257", "registryId": "vr.tr.intellectual-property", "name": "intellectual property", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q131257/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.intellectual-property", "name": "intellectual property", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify an intellectual-property asset, distinguish its subject matter from associated rights, assess its documented status, and determine which proposed uses require further authorization or review.", "definition": "Intellectual property is the category of intangible subject matter, including inventions, creative works, distinctive signs and confidential commercial information, in which law recognizes rights subject to specific conditions and limits.", "scope_statement": "This model owns intellectual property as identifiable intangible subject matter together with its asserted or established rights, ownership, permissions, and protection conditions; it preserves the supplied registry placement PHY / PHY.OBJ while flagging its conceptual fit for review.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of the creation, invention, sign, design, or confidential knowledge to which rights or protection claims attach", "Applicable protection categories, jurisdictions, and boundaries of asserted rights", "Creators, applicants, owners, controllers, and evidence connecting them to the asset", "Licences, assignments, restrictions, and permissions for specified uses", "Protection status, maintenance obligations, confidentiality controls, and unresolved disputes" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Physical ownership, custody, and condition of objects embodying intellectual property", "Complete content and version history of creative works, software, or technical designs", "General models of people, organizations, contracts, and legal proceedings", "General information-security operations beyond controls relevant to confidentiality-based protection", "Financial valuation, accounting treatment, and taxation of intangible assets" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The asset can be identified independently of a particular physical copy or device that embodies it.", "Possession of a copy, access to information, and ownership of associated intellectual-property rights are recorded as separate relationships.", "A protection claim identifies relevant subject matter, a protection category, and a jurisdiction rather than treating every idea as automatically protected.", "Different rights may cover different aspects of the same subject matter, with different holders, territories, and protection periods.", "Permission is evaluated against a specified act and context rather than inferred from public availability, attribution, or possession." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Protected subject matter", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Creative expression; invention; distinctive sign; product appearance; confidential know-how; other identified subject matter; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Establishes what the asset is and which aspects require separate protection analysis." }, { "name": "Protection category", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Copyright or related right; patent; trademark; industrial design; trade secret; other jurisdiction-specific category; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which evidence and protection conditions the agent must investigate." }, { "name": "Jurisdictional coverage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links from each asserted right to relevant jurisdictions and supporting records", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a protection claim in one territory from being treated as universal." }, { "name": "Right holder and capacity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Creator; inventor; applicant; recorded owner; beneficial owner where relevant; licensee; authorized representative; disputed claimant", "why_it_matters": "Separates authorship, application, ownership, and authority to grant permission." }, { "name": "Protection status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Asserted; pending; registered or granted; unregistered protection claimed; expired; lapsed; revoked or cancelled; disputed; unknown, recorded per right and jurisdiction", "why_it_matters": "Supports time-specific decisions without assigning one misleading status to the whole asset." }, { "name": "Relevant protection dates", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Calendar dates with event type, jurisdiction, evidence, and calculation basis where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Connects filing, publication, grant, renewal, and termination events to applicable protection periods." }, { "name": "Permitted-use coverage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Permission linked to actor, act, subject matter, territory, period, purpose, and conditions", "why_it_matters": "Makes authorization specific enough to compare with a proposed use." }, { "name": "Confidentiality condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Controlled disclosure; restricted internal access; public disclosure identified; suspected compromise; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Identifies circumstances requiring review of confidentiality-based protection." } ], "affordances": [ "Map an asset's identifiable components to potentially relevant protection categories without assuming eligibility.", "Trace ownership and permission claims through supporting records and flag missing links.", "Compare a proposed use with documented permissions, restrictions, and unresolved legal dependencies.", "Track renewal, filing, disclosure, and contractual deadlines against the relevant right.", "Identify overlapping rights and third-party dependencies that require separate clearance.", "Prepare an evidence-backed status summary that distinguishes documented facts, assertions, and open questions." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "subject-matter-and-right-boundaries", "name": "Subject Matter and Right Boundaries", "description": "Identifies the intangible asset and separates its components, embodiments, and associated protection claims.", "rationale": "An agent cannot assess rights reliably if a work, its physical copy, and a right over the work are treated as the same thing.", "layers": [ { "id": "asset-identification", "name": "Asset Identification", "description": "Establishes which creation, sign, invention, design, or knowledge is being modeled.", "findings": [ { "id": "identifiable-subject-matter", "name": "Identifiable Subject Matter", "description": "Record the asset through sufficient identifying material, with protected access where disclosure would be inappropriate.", "questions": [ { "text": "What expression, technical teaching, sign, appearance, or confidential knowledge identifies this asset?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identifiable-subject-matter-q01" }, { "text": "Which versions, components, and physical embodiments are included, and which belong to separate assets?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identifiable-subject-matter-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-mapping", "name": "Protection Mapping", "description": "Connects particular aspects of the subject matter to distinct protection claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "aspect-specific-protection", "name": "Aspect-Specific Protection", "description": "Represent each proposed or documented protection category separately, including overlaps and exclusions requiring research.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which aspect of the asset is claimed under each protection category, and what supports that classification?", "kind": "definition", "id": "aspect-specific-protection-q01" }, { "text": "Which underlying ideas, functional elements, commonplace features, or other components require investigation before being treated as protected?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "aspect-specific-protection-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "jurisdiction-and-protection-status", "name": "Jurisdiction and Protection Status", "description": "Records where each right is asserted, its basis, and its status at a specified time.", "rationale": "A single global protected-or-unprotected label cannot support decisions about territorial and time-dependent rights.", "layers": [ { "id": "territorial-basis", "name": "Territorial Basis", "description": "Associates protection claims with jurisdictions, authorities, and evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "jurisdiction-specific-right-record", "name": "Jurisdiction-Specific Right Record", "description": "Maintain the evidence and territorial scope for each right, including claims that do not rely on registration.", "questions": [ { "text": "In which jurisdictions is protection asserted, and through which registration, legal basis, or other evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "jurisdiction-specific-right-record-q01" }, { "text": "What subject-matter limitations, claim boundaries, goods or services, or design representations define the asserted scope?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "jurisdiction-specific-right-record-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "status-and-duration", "name": "Status and Duration", "description": "Captures protection events, current status, and unresolved duration calculations.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-status-evidence", "name": "Dated Status Evidence", "description": "Attach status statements to dated evidence and distinguish an application from an established right.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the latest evidenced status of each right, and when was that evidence checked?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-status-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which dates and jurisdiction-specific rules determine its duration, renewal requirements, or possible lapse?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dated-status-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "creation-and-chain-of-title", "name": "Creation and Chain of Title", "description": "Separates creation history from ownership and authority over particular rights.", "rationale": "Knowing who created an asset does not establish every subsequent holder's ownership or licensing authority.", "layers": [ { "id": "origin-and-contributions", "name": "Origin and Contributions", "description": "Identifies contributors and circumstances relevant to the origin of rights.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-provenance", "name": "Contribution Provenance", "description": "Record contributions, dates, and employment or commissioning circumstances without inferring ownership from them alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who contributed which identifiable elements, and what records support those contributions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "contribution-provenance-q01" }, { "text": "Which employment, commissioning, collaboration, or pre-existing-material arrangements require review to establish initial ownership?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "contribution-provenance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-authority", "name": "Ownership and Authority", "description": "Traces transfers and distinguishes ownership from limited control or representation.", "findings": [ { "id": "right-specific-title-chain", "name": "Right-Specific Title Chain", "description": "Link claimed current ownership and licensing authority to the instruments and events supporting them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which assignments, succession events, or other records connect the initial holder to each current claimant?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "right-specific-title-chain-q01" }, { "text": "Who can authorize the proposed use, and which co-owner interests, retained rights, encumbrances, or missing records constrain that authority?", "kind": "action", "id": "right-specific-title-chain-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-permissions-and-clearance", "name": "Use Permissions and Clearance", "description": "Evaluates specified uses against licences, other authorization grounds, and third-party rights.", "rationale": "An agent needs to determine whether a particular action is supported by evidence, rather than merely whether an asset is labelled licensed.", "layers": [ { "id": "permission-conditions", "name": "Permission Conditions", "description": "Represents the scope and obligations of documented grants of permission.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-license-coverage", "name": "Use-Specific Licence Coverage", "description": "Compare a proposed act with the applicable grant, including restrictions and continuing obligations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the documented grant cover this actor, act, asset version, territory, period, and intended purpose?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-specific-license-coverage-q01" }, { "text": "Which attribution, payment, disclosure, distribution, sublicensing, or termination conditions apply to that use?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "use-specific-license-coverage-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "independent-clearance-grounds", "name": "Independent Clearance Grounds", "description": "Separates control of the modeled asset from clearance of all rights implicated by a proposed use.", "findings": [ { "id": "remaining-use-dependencies", "name": "Remaining Use Dependencies", "description": "Record third-party rights and any proposed exception, limitation, or public-domain basis as separately evidenced assessments.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which embedded materials or overlapping third-party rights could still constrain the proposed use?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "remaining-use-dependencies-q01" }, { "text": "If the use relies on an exception, limitation, or public-domain status, what jurisdiction-specific evidence and factual conditions support that reliance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "remaining-use-dependencies-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-preservation-and-challenges", "name": "Protection Preservation and Challenges", "description": "Tracks actions and events that may affect continued protection, practical control, or confidence in rights claims.", "rationale": "Intellectual-property status can depend on maintenance, confidentiality, use, and contested evidence that require active monitoring.", "layers": [ { "id": "preservation-obligations", "name": "Preservation Obligations", "description": "Identifies applicable maintenance and confidentiality requirements for each protection category.", "findings": [ { "id": "protection-critical-actions", "name": "Protection-Critical Actions", "description": "Track evidenced obligations and proposed disclosures that require review before action.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which renewal payments, filings, use evidence, or other maintenance actions are required, by whom, and by what dates?", "kind": "action", "id": "protection-critical-actions-q01" }, { "text": "For confidential know-how or an undisclosed invention, which access controls, disclosure records, and proposed releases require protection review?", "kind": "action", "id": "protection-critical-actions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disputes-and-evidence-gaps", "name": "Disputes and Evidence Gaps", "description": "Records contested claims and uncertainties without treating allegations as established conclusions.", "findings": [ { "id": "contested-rights-assessment", "name": "Contested Rights Assessment", "description": "Connect challenges and suspected unauthorized uses to the precise rights affected and the available evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What challenges concern ownership, validity, scope, confidentiality, or unauthorized use, and which records establish their present status?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "contested-rights-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which proposed actions depend on resolving these challenges or evidence gaps, and what review would resolve them?", "kind": "action", "id": "contested-rights-assessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the umbrella legal concept; the supplied PHY.OBJ domain appears inconsistent with its intangible character.", "Recalled general knowledge only; no sources were consulted. A researcher should verify jurisdiction-specific rules and treaty participation.", "No meaningful universal measurement range applies; duration, territorial coverage and valuation depend on the right and circumstances." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of intellectual property this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Inventions protected by patents", "Works protected by copyright and related rights", "Trademarks and service marks", "Industrial designs", "Trade secrets", "Geographical indications" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of intellectual property this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Patent publication identifiers", "value_or_pattern": "Publishing office code, publication number and document kind code", "note": "Identifies a published patent document; an application, granted right and patent family are distinct records." }, { "scheme": "Trademark and industrial design registration numbers", "value_or_pattern": "Registry-specific registration number", "note": "Meaning depends on the issuing office and jurisdiction; there is no universal identifier covering all intellectual property." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of intellectual property this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property - administered by WIPO.", "Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works - administered by WIPO.", "Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) - administered through the WTO.", "Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) - administered by WIPO; provides an international patent application procedure, not a worldwide patent.", "National and regional intellectual property legislation - enacted by the relevant legislatures and applied by competent offices and courts." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of intellectual property this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Licensing technology, creative works, brands and designs.", "Assigning rights during acquisitions or other commercial transactions.", "Protecting brand identifiers against legally actionable competing uses.", "Managing confidential know-how through secrecy measures and contractual obligations.", "Supporting research commercialization and collaboration agreements." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of intellectual property this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Assuming ownership of a physical object includes intellectual property rights in its design or content.", "Missing filing, priority or renewal deadlines where applicable.", "Disclosing an invention before filing or losing trade-secret confidentiality.", "Unclear ownership or incomplete assignments involving employees, contractors or collaborators.", "Misjudging territorial scope, validity, exceptions or infringement exposure." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of intellectual property this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Rights are generally territorial; international treaties coordinate protection without creating one universal intellectual property right.", "Patent eligibility, copyright exceptions, moral rights and enforcement remedies vary by jurisdiction.", "Protection for unregistered marks, designs and geographical indications differs between legal systems." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of intellectual property this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Physical property", "difference": "Ownership concerns a tangible object; intellectual property concerns legally protected intangible subject matter and can belong to someone other than the object's owner." }, { "name": "Intellectual property rights", "difference": "These are the specific legal entitlements over protected subject matter; intellectual property is also commonly used as shorthand for those rights." }, { "name": "Information", "difference": "Information need not qualify for intellectual property protection; protection depends on the applicable legal category and its requirements." }, { "name": "Public domain", "difference": "Material in the public domain is outside the relevant exclusive intellectual property protection, although other legal restrictions may still apply." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of intellectual property this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend intellectual property to denote protected subject matter, the rights themselves, or both, and should its PHY / PHY.OBJ placement be revised?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept or part of its rights structure, requiring a link rather than a second publication?", "Which jurisdictions and protection categories must the completed model support, including specialized or collective rights?", "Which authoritative sources establish eligibility, duration, maintenance, exceptions, and transfer requirements for those jurisdictions?", "How should confidential identifying evidence be referenced so an agent can recognize a trade-secret asset without unnecessarily exposing its substance?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a intellectual property, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify an intellectual-property asset, distinguish its subject matter from associated rights, assess its documented status, and determine which proposed uses require further authorization or review.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: club variety, intellectual property law, copyright law, copyrighted, protected name, trade secret, Analysis of Decision Making in Foods Consumption of University Students from the Perspective of Neuroeconomics, author's rights, right to the integrity of the work, exploitation right, press publisher's right, corporate authorship.", "26 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 81 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a intellectual property, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "club variety", "intellectual property law", "copyright law", "copyrighted", "protected name", "trade secret", "Analysis of Decision Making in Foods Consumption of University Students from the Perspective of Neuroeconomics", "author's rights", "right to the integrity of the work", "exploitation right", "press publisher's right", "corporate authorship" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 81 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 26 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one intellectual property from another, and a intellectual property from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a intellectual property sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a intellectual property from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a intellectual property is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a intellectual property is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a intellectual property is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a intellectual property is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a intellectual property is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a intellectual property is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a intellectual property passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a intellectual property between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a intellectual property, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a intellectual property is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What intellectual property is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does intellectual property perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise intellectual property, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How intellectual property is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does intellectual property have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does intellectual property need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about intellectual property is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about intellectual property hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern intellectual property, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a intellectual property came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a intellectual property and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a intellectual property is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a intellectual property, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a intellectual property, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a intellectual property is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }