{ "model": { "rank": 2606, "code": "thing-q131288", "model_id": "vr.tr.immigration", "name": "immigration", "purpose": "Let an agent explain immigration as a phenomenon and a policy field, relay statistics and legal frameworks from official sources, present economic and social research and political debates with attribution, describe immigration to specific countries with sources, and route personal immigration questions to authorities and qualified advisers.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q131288/", "tier": 2, "score": 101, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "English Immigration in Nicaragua", "labour migration", "illegal immigration", "genetic studies on Swedes", "immigration to Hong Kong", "immigration to Japan", "Italian immigration to Bahia, Brazil", "immigration to Ukraine", "immigration to the Western world", "immigration to Poland", "immigration to Brazil", "Swedish immigration to Argentina", "Spanish immigration to Bahia", "immigration by country", "ethnic Chinese in Paraguay", "immigration to Mexico", "family reunification", "Immigration to Besançon", "American Mexicans", "immigration to Europe", "immigration to Italy", "immigration to Sweden", "Flemish immigration to Wallonia", "immigration to Portugal", "selective immigration", "modern immigration to the United Kingdom", "immigration and crime", "Nordic immigration to North America", "Spaniards in Mexico", "Immigration from the former Yugoslavia to Switzerland", "Zouxian", "illegal immigration to the United States", "illegal immigration to Japan", "illegal immigration to the United Kingdom", "Japanese immigration to Brazil", "immigration from other South American countries to Brazil", "immigration to Lebanon", "immigration and crime in Germany", "illegal immigration to the United States and crime", "Japanese immigration in Amapá" ], "aliasCount": 43, "merged": 43, "knownIn": 101, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.immigration", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q131288", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T22:02:06Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q131288", "registryId": "vr.tr.immigration", "name": "immigration", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q131288/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.immigration", "name": "immigration", "purpose": "Let an agent explain immigration as a phenomenon and a policy field, relay statistics and legal frameworks from official sources, present economic and social research and political debates with attribution, describe immigration to specific countries with sources, and route personal immigration questions to authorities and qualified advisers.", "definition": "The movement of people into a country of which they are not nationals in order to settle or work there, viewed from the destination country, including labour migration, family reunification, refugee resettlement, student migration and irregular migration outside legal channels; immigration is governed by national law and international agreements, measured by statistical agencies, and is a major subject of economic research and political debate.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a demographic and policy phenomenon.", "affordances": [ "explain kinds and drivers", "relay statistics and legal frameworks", "present research and debates with attribution", "route personal cases to authorities and advisers" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Destination-country perspective", "Legal categories and channels", "Measured by statistical agencies", "Politically debated" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; seen in border procedures, visas, statistics and communities.", "visual_identification": [ "Entry into a country to settle or work, from the destination perspective", "Legal channels and irregular migration", "Emigration is the same movement from the origin; internal migration stays within a country" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "international migrants worldwide", "typical_range": "about 280 million", "unit": "people", "note": "UN estimate, recent years" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "labour migration", "family migration", "refugee and asylum migration", "student migration", "irregular migration", "historical immigration flows to specific countries such as Japan, Hong Kong and Nicaragua", "population genetics studies as a related but distinct field" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "human migration", "why": "from the destination view" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "emigration", "why": "from the origin view" }, { "relation": "is governed by", "target": "immigration law", "why": "national law" }, { "relation": "is measured by", "target": "migration statistics", "why": "official data" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "National immigration and nationality laws", "1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol", "International labour and human rights standards", "Regional frameworks such as EU free movement" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Non-neutral or dehumanising language", "Unsourced statistics", "Presenting contested research as settled", "Agents giving personal legal advice" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What immigration is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is immigration, and what kinds and channels exist?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own case, which needs the authority or a qualified adviser?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "drivers", "name": "Drivers", "description": "Drivers.", "findings": [ { "id": "drivers-finding", "name": "Drivers", "description": "Drivers.", "questions": [ { "text": "What drives immigration, as research describes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific flow or country?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "data", "name": "Data", "description": "Statistics and law.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "statistics", "name": "Statistics", "description": "Statistics.", "findings": [ { "id": "statistics-finding", "name": "Statistics", "description": "Statistics.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is immigration measured, and what do official figures show, with sources?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Legal frameworks.", "findings": [ { "id": "law-finding", "name": "Law", "description": "Law.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do national laws and international instruments govern immigration?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits immigration law?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "research", "name": "Research", "description": "Effects and research.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "economics", "name": "Economics", "description": "Economic effects.", "findings": [ { "id": "economics-finding", "name": "Economics", "description": "Economics.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does research say about the economic effects of immigration, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation attributed and neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "society", "name": "Society", "description": "Social effects and integration.", "findings": [ { "id": "society-finding", "name": "Society", "description": "Society.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does research say about integration and social effects?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "debate", "name": "Debate", "description": "Policy and debate.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Policy approaches.", "findings": [ { "id": "policy-finding", "name": "Policy", "description": "Policy.", "questions": [ { "text": "What policy approaches exist, and what positions do parties and organisations take, with attribution?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the language neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have immigration flows and policies changed historically in major destination countries?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of immigration to a specific country?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should immigration to each country be a separate entry?", "How should statistical sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases for country-specific flows and an unrelated genetics topic; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a immigration, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain immigration as a phenomenon and a policy field, relay statistics and legal frameworks from official sources, present economic and social research and political debates with attribution, describe immigration to specific countries with sources, and route personal immigration questions to authorities and qualified advisers.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: English Immigration in Nicaragua, labour migration, illegal immigration, genetic studies on Swedes, immigration to Hong Kong, immigration to Japan, Italian immigration to Bahia, Brazil, immigration to Ukraine, immigration to the Western world, immigration to Poland, immigration to Brazil, Swedish immigration to Argentina.", "43 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 101 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a immigration, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "English Immigration in Nicaragua", "labour migration", "illegal immigration", "genetic studies on Swedes", "immigration to Hong Kong", "immigration to Japan", "Italian immigration to Bahia, Brazil", "immigration to Ukraine", "immigration to the Western world", "immigration to Poland", "immigration to Brazil", "Swedish immigration to Argentina" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 101 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 43 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one immigration from another, and a immigration from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a immigration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a immigration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a immigration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a immigration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a immigration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a immigration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a immigration sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a immigration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a immigration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a immigration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a immigration from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a immigration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a immigration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a immigration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a immigration passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a immigration between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a immigration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a immigration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a immigration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a immigration, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a immigration is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a immigration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a immigration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a immigration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a immigration proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a immigration, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a immigration and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a immigration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a immigration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a immigration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a immigration consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a immigration takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a immigration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a immigration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a immigration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What immigration is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of immigration are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is immigration operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of immigration and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of immigration?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as immigration?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a immigration came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a immigration and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a immigration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a immigration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a immigration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a immigration is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a immigration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a immigration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a immigration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }