{ "model": { "rank": 8998, "code": "thing-q13136", "model_id": "vr.tr.reference-work", "name": "reference work", "purpose": "Let an agent handle reference works by type, publisher, edition, reliability and access, and use them properly as sources.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q13136/", "tier": 2, "score": 49, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Árbol Singular de la Comunidad de Madrid", "Montes de Utilidad Pública de la Comunidad de Madrid", "Electronic logging device", "discovery system", "online reference work", "language sample", "atlas", "Sailing Directions", "dictionary of quotations", "anatomical atlas", "lexicographic work", "laboratory guide", "schedarium", "factory service manual", "onomasticon", "crossword dictionary", "dictionaries", "directories", "dispensatories", "encyclopedias", "formularies", "herbals", "pharmacopoeias", "homeopathic pharmacopoeias", "project management manual", "restaurant guide", "conversion table", "harbor handbook", "stamp collecting guide", "video game walkthrough", "itinerarium", "pattern book", "Bescherelle", "lexicon", "rutter", "normative reference book", "opera guide", "project manual", "guide book", "catalog" ], "aliasCount": 164, "merged": 166, "knownIn": 49, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q13136", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13136", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T10:25:10Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q13136", "registryId": "vr.tr.reference-work", "name": "reference work", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q13136/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.reference-work", "name": "reference work", "purpose": "Let an agent handle reference works by type, publisher, edition, reliability and access, and use them properly as sources.", "definition": "A work such as a dictionary, encyclopedia, atlas, handbook, directory or database compiled to be consulted for information rather than read from start to finish; a tertiary source.", "what_it_is_for": "Looking up facts, definitions and orientation.", "affordances": [ "choose a suitable reference work", "check edition and currency", "assess reliability", "cite reference works correctly" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Designed for consultation", "Tertiary source", "Regularly updated", "Editorial control varies" ], "appearance": "Printed volumes or online databases organised for lookup.", "visual_identification": [ "Alphabetical or classified organisation", "Editions and update dates", "Primary sources are original evidence" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "dictionaries", "encyclopedias", "atlases and gazetteers", "handbooks and manuals", "online reference databases" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "tertiary source and written work", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is used for", "target": "fact checking", "why": "purpose" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "primary source", "why": "source type" }, { "relation": "is held in", "target": "library", "why": "access" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ISBN or ISSN", "value_or_pattern": "standard numbers", "note": "publications" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Citation style guides", "Copyright and database rights" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Using outdated editions", "Citing tertiary sources where primary are needed" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "work", "name": "Work", "description": "Which reference.", "rationale": "Editions matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "identity", "name": "Identity", "description": "Title and edition.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-finding", "name": "Identity", "description": "Work identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which reference work and edition is meant?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "When was it last updated?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "type", "name": "Type", "description": "Kind.", "findings": [ { "id": "type-finding", "name": "Type", "description": "Reference type.", "questions": [ { "text": "What type of reference work suits this question?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Is a specialist work needed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "reliability", "name": "Reliability", "description": "Quality.", "rationale": "Quality varies.", "layers": [ { "id": "editorial", "name": "Editorial", "description": "Process.", "findings": [ { "id": "editorial-finding", "name": "Editorial", "description": "Editorial process.", "questions": [ { "text": "What editorial or peer review process does it have?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who publishes it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "verify", "name": "Verify", "description": "Cross-check.", "findings": [ { "id": "verify-finding", "name": "Verify", "description": "Verification.", "questions": [ { "text": "Should the fact be checked against a primary source?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which one?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access", "name": "Access", "description": "Using it.", "rationale": "Access routes vary.", "layers": [ { "id": "libraries", "name": "Libraries", "description": "Access.", "findings": [ { "id": "libraries-finding", "name": "Libraries", "description": "Library access.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can it be accessed through a library or free online?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is a subscription needed?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "citation", "name": "Citation", "description": "Citing.", "findings": [ { "id": "citation-finding", "name": "Citation", "description": "Citation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How should the entry be cited?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which style guide applies?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "creation", "name": "Creation", "description": "Compiling.", "rationale": "Compilers follow standards.", "layers": [ { "id": "compile", "name": "Compile", "description": "Methods.", "findings": [ { "id": "compile-finding", "name": "Compile", "description": "Compilation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the reference work compiled and updated?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who contributes?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights", "description": "Reuse.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-finding", "name": "Rights", "description": "Reuse rights.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can its content be reused, and under which licence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Do database rights apply?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should reference types be separate entries?", "How should editions be linked?", "How should online reference reliability be assessed?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a reference work, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle reference works by type, publisher, edition, reliability and access, and use them properly as sources.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Árbol Singular de la Comunidad de Madrid, Montes de Utilidad Pública de la Comunidad de Madrid, Electronic logging device, discovery system, online reference work, language sample, atlas, Sailing Directions, dictionary of quotations, anatomical atlas, lexicographic work, laboratory guide.", "166 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 49 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a reference work, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Árbol Singular de la Comunidad de Madrid", "Montes de Utilidad Pública de la Comunidad de Madrid", "Electronic logging device", "discovery system", "online reference work", "language sample", "atlas", "Sailing Directions", "dictionary of quotations", "anatomical atlas", "lexicographic work", "laboratory guide" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 49 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 166 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one reference work from another, and a reference work from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a reference work, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a reference work, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a reference work is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a reference work, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a reference work, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a reference work is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a reference work sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a reference work, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a reference work, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a reference work is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a reference work from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a reference work, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a reference work, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a reference work is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a reference work passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a reference work between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a reference work, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a reference work, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a reference work is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a reference work, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a reference work is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a reference work, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a reference work, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a reference work is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a reference work says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a reference work contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a reference work, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a reference work, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a reference work is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a reference work and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a reference work, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a reference work, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a reference work is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of reference work a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For reference work, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of reference work exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made reference work and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to reference work, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in reference work, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a reference work came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim 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"When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a reference work is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a reference work, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a reference work, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a reference work is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }