{ "model": { "rank": 5516, "code": "thing-q131557", "model_id": "vr.tr.amulet", "name": "amulet", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an amulet through its attributed protective role, assess its physical and culturally understood state, and determine appropriate handling or use.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q131557/", "tier": 2, "score": 66, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Crepundia", "amulet ring", "hiiragi iwashi", "gorgoneion", "Umbilical amulet", "Islamic amulet", "Kuvadka", "Convulsion chain", "Fulu", "rabbit's foot", "omamori", "Zierscheibe", "Alsengemme", "wheel pendant", "Sampy", "bulla", "pentacle", "I'noGo tied", "phylactery", "Plummet amulet", "Conopa", "cimaruta", "Thor's hammer", "nazar", "Palad khik", "Pig dragon", "mojo", "ta'wiz", "Weres", "Confucian coin charms", "Slavic amulets", "coin-sword", "Taoist coin charm", "Kanai Anzen" ], "aliasCount": 34, "merged": 34, "knownIn": 66, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q131557", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131557", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:32:30Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0884c-205b-7281-83a2-6e3aa5cd50e7\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: amulet\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 register", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 65.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0884c-205b-7661-a4ca-2792911e4528\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: amulet\nRegistry id: vr.tr.amulet\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext fo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q131557", "registryId": "vr.tr.amulet", "name": "amulet", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q131557/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.amulet", "name": "amulet", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an amulet through its attributed protective role, assess its physical and culturally understood state, and determine appropriate handling or use.", "definition": "An amulet is a physical object worn, carried, or placed somewhere because it is believed to protect people, animals, possessions, or places from harm through supernatural or sacred power.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the amulet as a physical object attributed protective efficacy by an identified person or tradition, including its material form, protective associations, use conditions and history, without treating attributed efficacy as demonstrated physical causation.", "in_scope": [ "Objects worn, carried, attached or deliberately placed for attributed protection", "The people, traditions and evidence connecting an object to an amuletic role", "Materials, inscriptions, images, contents and arrangements relevant to that role", "Preparation, placement, renewal and retirement practices associated with an amulet", "Physical condition and culturally specific restrictions affecting handling or use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Jewellery whose only established role is adornment", "Protective equipment whose function depends on demonstrated mechanical or material performance", "Spells, prayers and protective gestures considered independently of a physical object", "Religious traditions and systems of belief as whole entities", "Commercial product lines and sellers rather than the amulet kind or individual object", "Claims that an amulet prevents or treats illness as established medical efficacy" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An identified attribution of protection distinguishes an amulet from a visually similar ornament; shape alone is insufficient.", "Amuletic status concerns the role of a physical object, so a prayer alone falls outside scope while a prayer-bearing object may qualify.", "Sacred status, devotional imagery or ritual use alone does not establish that an object is an amulet; a protective association must be investigated.", "An object may combine ornament, devotion and protection, so these roles should be recorded together rather than treated as mutually exclusive.", "The boundary with talisman, charm and lucky object depends on documented usage; do not impose a universal distinction between protection and benefit." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Basis of amulet identification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "holder attribution; maker attribution; documented contextual interpretation; tentative interpretation; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates documented use from identification inferred through appearance." }, { "name": "Attributed protective target", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded description of the harm, influence or misfortune addressed; unspecified; disputed", "why_it_matters": "Identifies what protection means in this particular context." }, { "name": "Protected referent", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Person, group, animal, place or object understood to receive protection", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes the intended beneficiary from the owner or present custodian." }, { "name": "Cultural and interpretive attribution", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named community, tradition, practitioner or interpreter, with supporting evidence and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Keeps interpretations attributable and prevents appearance-based cultural assignment." }, { "name": "Physical form and composition", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed form, materials, components and enclosure; concealed contents recorded as unknown unless documented", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition and identifies parts whose alteration could affect integrity or meaning." }, { "name": "Dimensions and mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dimensions in mm; mass in g; measurement method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of wearability, suspension, mounting and suitable storage." }, { "name": "Protective signs and text", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed motifs, script, transcription, arrangement and attributed interpretation; illegible; restricted; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates visible marks from interpretations of their protective significance." }, { "name": "Use configuration", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Worn; carried; attached; placed; stored; displayed; retired; unknown, with location and orientation", "why_it_matters": "Records whether the object's current arrangement matches its documented use conditions." }, { "name": "Attributed ritual standing", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Locally described status, attributed by whom and when; unspecified; disputed", "why_it_matters": "Allows preparation, renewal or retirement to be recorded without imposing a universal ritual lifecycle." }, { "name": "Integrity of protective assembly", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed condition of enclosure, seal, suspension, inscriptions and constituent parts; intact; altered; damaged; uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Connects physical damage to possible loss of contents, legibility or culturally understood completeness." } ], "affordances": [ "Assess whether an object has a documented amuletic role and record competing interpretations.", "Document protective imagery, inscriptions and assembly without opening sealed or restricted components.", "Relate the amulet to its intended beneficiary, protective target and prescribed placement.", "Assess whether wearing, moving, cleaning or repairing it is physically suitable and consistent with documented restrictions.", "Identify the relevant custodian or practitioner to consult before changes affecting its attributed ritual standing.", "Record changes in use, interpretation and custody while preserving uncertainty about undocumented history." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "amuletic-identity", "name": "Amuletic identity", "description": "Establishes why this object is recognised as an amulet.", "rationale": "Amuletic identity depends on attributed role and context rather than a single material or shape.", "layers": [ { "id": "protective-attribution", "name": "Protective attribution", "description": "Connects the physical object to an explicitly attributed protective role.", "findings": [ { "id": "basis-for-identification", "name": "Basis for identification", "description": "Record the evidence and interpreter behind the amulet designation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who identifies this object as protective, and what testimony, record or context supports that identification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "basis-for-identification-q01" }, { "text": "What distinguishes its amuletic role from an interpretation based only on decorative or sacred appearance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "basis-for-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "overlapping-object-roles", "name": "Overlapping object roles", "description": "Preserves local terminology and roles shared with neighbouring kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "local-name-and-role", "name": "Local name and role", "description": "Record the object's contextual name without assuming that amulet, talisman and charm have universal boundaries.", "questions": [ { "text": "What term do its users or makers use, and what does that term mean in this context?", "kind": "definition", "id": "local-name-and-role-q01" }, { "text": "Does the object also serve as jewellery, a devotional object, a relic container or a lucky object, and how are those roles related?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "local-name-and-role-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-and-beneficiary", "name": "Protection and beneficiary", "description": "Describes the attributed protection and whom or what it concerns.", "rationale": "An agent needs to distinguish protective intention, reported experience and evidence of effects.", "layers": [ { "id": "protective-purpose", "name": "Protective purpose", "description": "Identifies the threat and the contextual explanation of protection.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-protective-operation", "name": "Attributed protective operation", "description": "Capture how protection is explained by the relevant interpreter without asserting that explanation as physical fact.", "questions": [ { "text": "What specific harm or influence is the amulet intended to address?", "kind": "definition", "id": "attributed-protective-operation-q01" }, { "text": "How is its protection explained, and whose account supports that explanation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributed-protective-operation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "beneficiary-and-attachment", "name": "Beneficiary and attachment", "description": "Links the protective role to a recipient and an arrangement of use.", "findings": [ { "id": "recipient-specificity", "name": "Recipient specificity", "description": "Establish whether protection is associated with a particular recipient or placement.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who or what is understood to receive protection, and is that referent different from the owner or wearer?", "kind": "definition", "id": "recipient-specificity-q01" }, { "text": "What must be checked before transferring the amulet to another recipient or moving it from its intended location?", "kind": "action", "id": "recipient-specificity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "protective-form-and-contents", "name": "Protective form and contents", "description": "Records the physical features considered relevant to the amulet's identity and use.", "rationale": "Protective significance may be attributed to an entire assembly, its signs or concealed contents, requiring careful distinction between observation and interpretation.", "layers": [ { "id": "material-assembly", "name": "Material assembly", "description": "Describes the object, its constituent parts and the limits of inspection.", "findings": [ { "id": "enclosure-and-constituents", "name": "Enclosure and constituents", "description": "Document visible construction and distinguish verified contents from reported or unknown contents.", "questions": [ { "text": "What materials, dimensions, fastening features and enclosed components can be established without disassembly?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "enclosure-and-constituents-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence describes concealed contents, and is opening the enclosure permitted by the relevant custodian?", "kind": "action", "id": "enclosure-and-constituents-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "inscribed-and-figured-significance", "name": "Inscribed and figured significance", "description": "Separates observed signs from their reading and protective interpretation.", "findings": [ { "id": "signs-text-and-arrangement", "name": "Signs, text and arrangement", "description": "Record motifs, inscriptions, knots or arrangements where present, with attributed interpretations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which marks, words, images or arrangements are observable, and which remain illegible or concealed?", "kind": "definition", "id": "signs-text-and-arrangement-q01" }, { "text": "Who supports the reading and protective interpretation, and are there restrictions on recording or displaying it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "signs-text-and-arrangement-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "preparation-and-use", "name": "Preparation and use", "description": "Captures documented practices governing when and how the object serves as an amulet.", "rationale": "An agent must not assume every amulet requires consecration, renewal or the same conditions of use.", "layers": [ { "id": "entry-into-use", "name": "Entry into use", "description": "Establishes whether selection, manufacture or another practice confers amuletic standing.", "findings": [ { "id": "preparation-requirements", "name": "Preparation requirements", "description": "Record any preparation required in this context and the evidence that it occurred.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is protective standing attributed to the object inherently, through selection, through manufacture or through a specified preparation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "preparation-requirements-q01" }, { "text": "What preparation is documented for this object, by whom and when?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "preparation-requirements-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "continuing-and-ending-use", "name": "Continuing and ending use", "description": "Describes conditions for continued use, renewal and retirement where applicable.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-conditions-and-transitions", "name": "Use conditions and transitions", "description": "Keep culturally attributed changes of standing distinct from physical deterioration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are there documented requirements concerning placement, bodily contact, orientation, timing or who may handle the amulet?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-conditions-and-transitions-q01" }, { "text": "What circumstances call for renewal, withdrawal from use or a particular method of retirement, and who determines this?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-conditions-and-transitions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "integrity-and-custodianship", "name": "Integrity and custodianship", "description": "Supports care and interpretation as an amulet moves between use, storage, collection and display.", "rationale": "Physical interventions and changes of custody may affect both the assembly and the meaning attributed to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "condition-and-intervention", "name": "Condition and intervention", "description": "Assesses damage and the consequences of proposed treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "protective-assembly-condition", "name": "Protective assembly condition", "description": "Identify deterioration of suspension, seals, contents and meaningful surfaces before recommending intervention.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are suspension points, seals, enclosed materials or meaningful inscriptions damaged, unstable or incomplete?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "protective-assembly-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Could wearing, cleaning, repair or remounting release contents, erase signs or breach a documented handling restriction?", "kind": "action", "id": "protective-assembly-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history-and-interpretive-authority", "name": "History and interpretive authority", "description": "Tracks the evidence for changing use and the parties entitled to guide present handling.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-history-and-custody", "name": "Use history and custody", "description": "Distinguish documented protective use from later collecting, attribution or commercial description.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which parts of the object's protective use history are documented, and which derive only from later labels or seller claims?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "use-history-and-custody-q01" }, { "text": "Whose guidance or authorization is needed for access, display, transfer or retirement, and what establishes that role?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-history-and-custody-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the cultural and religious object sense; attributed supernatural protection is a belief, not an established physical effect.", "Varieties overlap and do not form a universal classification; local terminology and documented use should guide identification.", "No universal size range, identifier scheme, or amulet-specific technical standard is supplied; relevant rules depend on materials, sale context, and jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of amulet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Inscribed or textual amulets", "Figural amulets", "Stone and mineral amulets", "Plant or animal material amulets", "Amuletic beads", "Containers holding protective texts or substances" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of amulet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Worn or carried for protection against illness, misfortune, or the evil eye.", "Placed in buildings or vehicles for perceived protection.", "Attached to animals or their equipment for perceived protection.", "Placed with the dead in funerary traditions.", "Used to express religious affiliation, cultural identity, or family continuity." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of amulet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Reliance on an amulet for protection can delay effective medical care or other practical precautions.", "Small components can present choking hazards, and cords can present strangulation hazards.", "Some metals, pigments, or organic materials can be toxic, allergenic, or unsafe for prolonged skin contact.", "Wear, corrosion, moisture, and breakage can damage the object or make inscriptions illegible.", "An object's appearance alone may not establish that it functioned as an amulet; misidentification can distort interpretation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of amulet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Ancient Egyptian traditions used forms such as the wedjat eye and scarab in personal and funerary contexts.", "Protective eye beads occur in parts of the Mediterranean and West Asia, with meanings and practices varying locally.", "Textual amulets occur in several religious traditions; their acceptability and interpretation can be disputed within the same tradition." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of amulet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "talisman", "difference": "A talisman is often described as attracting a desired benefit, whereas an amulet is primarily protective; historical usage overlaps." }, { "name": "jewellery", "difference": "Jewellery is worn principally as adornment or a marker of status or identity; it is also amuletic when protective power is attributed to it." }, { "name": "relic", "difference": "A relic derives significance from its association with a sacred person or event; an amulet is identified by its attributed protective function, and one object can be both." }, { "name": "votive offering", "difference": "A votive offering is dedicated to a sacred recipient in petition or gratitude; an amulet is retained or positioned to provide protection." }, { "name": "charm", "difference": "Charm can mean a protective object, a spoken formula, or a decorative pendant; amulet specifically denotes a physical object with attributed protective power." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of amulet this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the existing Vercy catalogue already cover amulets within a world model or another registered concept requiring a link rather than a separate publication?", "Which researched cultural examples are needed to establish the breadth of the category without imposing one tradition's account of protection?", "How should the model classify archaeological objects whose amuletic role is inferred from context but lacks direct testimony?", "Where do documented local usages draw or reject boundaries among amulet, talisman, charm, relic and devotional ornament?", "Which community-specific rules govern restricted inscriptions, concealed contents and the handling or retirement of amulets?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 16, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a amulet, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise an amulet through its attributed protective role, assess its physical and culturally understood state, and determine appropriate handling or use.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Crepundia, amulet ring, hiiragi iwashi, gorgoneion, Umbilical amulet, Islamic amulet, Kuvadka, Convulsion chain, Fulu, rabbit's foot, omamori, Zierscheibe.", "34 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a amulet, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Crepundia", "amulet ring", "hiiragi iwashi", "gorgoneion", "Umbilical amulet", "Islamic amulet", "Kuvadka", "Convulsion chain", "Fulu", "rabbit's foot", "omamori", "Zierscheibe" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 34 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one amulet from another, and a amulet from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a amulet sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a amulet from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a amulet is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a amulet is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a amulet is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a amulet is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a amulet is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a amulet is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a amulet passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a amulet between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a amulet, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a amulet is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What amulet is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does amulet perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise amulet, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How amulet is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does amulet have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does amulet need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about amulet is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about amulet hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern amulet, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a amulet came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a amulet and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a amulet is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a amulet, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a amulet, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a amulet is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }