{ "model": { "rank": 2798, "code": "thing-q131559", "model_id": "vr.tr.shield", "name": "shield", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a physical shield, assess its suitability and condition for a stated protective task, and determine whether and how it may be positioned, used, maintained or withdrawn.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q131559/", "tier": 2, "score": 97, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "aritum", "caetra", "chīmalli", "clipeus", "aali", "aspis", "human shield", "Plexiglass shield", "strapped shield", "long shield", "boss grip shield", "shield skin", "fencing shield", "pelte", "Thureos", "set-shield", "buckler", "Kliau", "Boeotian shield", "Rattan shield", "parma", "rondache", "targe", "Salawaku", "Kagami", "heater shield", "hoplon", "ballistic shield", "kalkan", "tartsche shield", "ancile", "hook shield", "kalaság", "Scutum", "Yetholm-type shield", "riot shield", "sipar", "human shields in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict", "Adarga", "Hungarian shield" ], "aliasCount": 40, "merged": 41, "knownIn": 97, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.shield-artifact", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q131559", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131559", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:50:40Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.04302038, "turns": 2, "seconds": 143.4, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 70.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07bb2-99fa-79d3-962d-a8917d46d21c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: shield\nRegistry id: vr.tr.shield\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy mod" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q131559", "registryId": "vr.tr.shield", "name": "shield", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q131559/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.shield", "name": "shield", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a physical shield, assess its suitability and condition for a stated protective task, and determine whether and how it may be positioned, used, maintained or withdrawn.", "definition": "A portable defensive plate, gripped, strapped to the forearm, or held by handles rather than worn as a garment, whose function is to intercept, deflect, or absorb blows and projectiles before they reach the bearer.", "scope_statement": "This model provisionally owns a discrete physical barrier whose primary role is to intercept or attenuate a specified hazard before it reaches a protected person, object or region, including its protective body, viewing features, grips and dedicated attachments; the registry's intended coverage of personal and equipment shields remains unresolved.", "in_scope": [ "Shield identity, intended protective role and evidence supporting that role", "Protective body, edges, openings and layered construction", "Coverage relative to hazard direction and the protected target", "Grips, straps, mounts and constraints on positioning", "Damage, exposure history, inspection and permitted continued use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The protected person's anatomy, training and overall protective equipment", "Weapons, hazard generators and their operating procedures", "Whole vehicles, buildings or machines carrying a shield", "Protective clothing and body-conforming armour as complete systems", "Complete enclosures, perimeter walls and general access barriers", "Heraldic symbols, software shields and nonphysical protective fields" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check whether the object has an identified protective interception or attenuation role; a similar-shaped decorative panel does not establish that role.", "Check whether protection depends on placing a distinct barrier between a hazard and a target; distinguish this from protection supplied primarily by clothing conforming to the body.", "Check whether the shield can be identified as a protective component independently of its carrier; distinguish it from the entire vehicle, machine or enclosure.", "Check whether grips, straps, mounts or an installation specification establish how its protective face is presented; shape alone is insufficient identification.", "Check whether protection concerns a stated hazard and direction; a generic partition's separation function alone does not establish shield suitability." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Protective role", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded hazard classes and intended protective task; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "A shield's suitability must be assessed against the actual hazard rather than its name or appearance." }, { "name": "Protection evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to applicable specifications, test reports, markings and use restrictions", "why_it_matters": "Separates documented protection from unsupported claims and identifies the conditions under which evidence applies." }, { "name": "Protective dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Height, width and thickness in mm; curvature described with a stated method", "why_it_matters": "Constrains coverage, positioning and compatibility with the intended task." }, { "name": "Mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg, with installed accessories identified", "why_it_matters": "Affects support requirements, handling and the ability to maintain protective positioning." }, { "name": "Construction", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded materials, layer arrangement, edge construction and transparent sections; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification and selection of appropriate inspection and maintenance guidance." }, { "name": "Deployment interface", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Hand-held, arm-supported, freestanding, mounted, other or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines how the shield is supported and what interfaces must remain serviceable." }, { "name": "Target and hazard geometry", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Protected target, hazard direction, shield orientation, separation and remaining exposed regions", "why_it_matters": "Protection depends on placement and coverage, not merely possession of a shield." }, { "name": "Protective-body condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed defects by location and extent, inspection date and assessment status", "why_it_matters": "Records damage without assuming that visual appearance proves retained protective performance." }, { "name": "Use disposition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed, permitted for a specified task, restricted, quarantined or retired", "why_it_matters": "Makes the permitted next action explicit and ties it to evidence and conditions." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the shield and retrieve evidence for its stated protective role", "Compare documented protection and coverage with a proposed hazard scenario", "Position, orient or secure the shield using its supported interfaces", "Inspect the protective body, viewing features and load-bearing attachments", "Clean, store or replace components within applicable instructions", "Restrict, quarantine or retire the shield when its suitability is unresolved or compromised" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wd-q131559", "title": "shield (Q131559)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131559", "what_it_supports": "Canonical item, English gloss as armour carried to intercept attacks or projectiles, and the AAT/GND/LCSH authority links used under identifiers.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "commons-shields", "title": "Category:Shields", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shields", "what_it_supports": "Authority-file identifiers: Wikidata Q131559, GND 4179600-7, LCSH sh85121403, BnF 11978501z.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "collector-evolution", "title": "The Evolution of Shields: From Ancient Soldiers to Riot Police", "url": "https://www.thecollector.com/evolution-of-shields-from-ancient-soldiers-to-riot-police/", "what_it_supports": "Historical kinds (aspis, scutum, buckler) and the modern return of handheld shields in military breaching and police public-order work.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "myarmoury-shield", "title": "The Shield: Its Use and Development", "url": "https://myarmoury.com/feature_shield.html", "what_it_supports": "Greek concave round shield and phalanx wall; Roman scutum size and role; medieval kite, heater, and buckler use including heraldic display.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "imperium-scutum", "title": "Scutum", "url": "https://imperiumromanum.pl/en/roman-army/equipment-of-roman-legionary/scutum/", "what_it_supports": "Dura-Europos scutum dimensions (105.5 × 41 cm, 5-6 mm, about 6-7 kg) and the usual upper mass of about 10 kg.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wp-body-armor-shield", "title": "Body armor", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_armor", "what_it_supports": "Definition of a shield as held in the hand or arm; size range from full-body to small melee shields; modern ballistic-shield use in police and military entry work.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wp-fr-riot", "title": "Bouclier antiémeute", "url": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouclier_anti%C3%A9meute", "what_it_supports": "Riot-shield height about 90-120 cm, polycarbonate 4-6 mm, and the explicit split from ballistic shields.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "nij-0108-01", "title": "NIJ Standard-0108.01: Ballistic Resistant Protective Materials", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "U.S. performance standard whose scope includes portable ballistic shields and classifies protection by ammunition type (I through IV).", "url_status": "dead" }, { "id": "nij-0123-00", "title": "NIJ Standard-0123.00: Specification for NIJ Ballistic Protection Levels and Associated Test Threats", "url": "https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/307347.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Current NIJ handgun and rifle protection-level nomenclature (HG1/HG2, RF1-RF3) that other ballistic-equipment standards are meant to reference.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "psn-ballistic-shields", "title": "Ballistic Shields Part 1: Basics and Tactics", "url": "https://policeandsecuritynews.com/2023/01/23/ballistic-shields-part-1-basics-and-tactics/", "what_it_supports": "Practice of rating complete shields to NIJ 0108.01; handgun versus rifle mass jump; UHMWPE construction of most IIIA/III shields.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "chase-police-shields", "title": "Police Shields Guide: Types, Materials & NIJ Protection Levels", "url": "https://www.chasetactical.com/guides/police-shields-enhance-safety-in-high-risk-situations", "what_it_supports": "Operational distinction: riot shields for blunt impact and debris only; ballistic shields independently tested, not interchangeable with riot shields in a firearms encounter.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "astm-proceedings-shields", "title": "Raising the Standards for Protective Equipment Used by Public Order Police Officers / ballistic-shield product-standard discussion", "url": "https://www.proceedings.com/content/080/080042-0043open.pdf", "what_it_supports": "That 0108.01 tests materials and coupons, not complete shields, and that ASTM E54 work aims to replace that mismatch for finished products.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "protective-role-and-evidence", "name": "Protective role and evidence", "description": "Establishes what the shield is intended to protect against and what supports that claim.", "rationale": "The label shield does not establish protection against any particular hazard.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-and-target", "name": "Hazard and target", "description": "Identifies the protective task and its boundaries.", "findings": [ { "id": "intended-interception", "name": "Intended interception", "description": "Record the hazard, protected target and intended protective effect without inferring capability from appearance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What hazard is this shield intended to intercept or attenuate, and what person, object or region is it intended to protect?", "kind": "definition", "id": "intended-interception-q01" }, { "text": "Which hazard types or exposure conditions are explicitly excluded or remain unassessed?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "intended-interception-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "claim-applicability", "name": "Claim applicability", "description": "Connects protective claims to the actual shield and its configuration.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-protection", "name": "Supported protection", "description": "Record the origin, applicability and limits of each protection claim separately from the claim itself.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which markings, manufacturer documents or test records support each claimed protection capability?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-protection-q01" }, { "text": "Do those records apply to this shield's identity, construction, accessories and present configuration?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-protection-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "protective-body-and-coverage", "name": "Protective body and coverage", "description": "Describes the barrier and the spatial protection it can provide.", "rationale": "A suitable protective material does not establish that the target is covered or that every part of the shield provides equivalent protection.", "layers": [ { "id": "barrier-construction", "name": "Barrier construction", "description": "Records the shield's protective sections and discontinuities.", "findings": [ { "id": "protective-sections", "name": "Protective sections", "description": "Identify body materials, layers, edges, joints and openings, preserving uncertainty about concealed construction.", "questions": [ { "text": "What materials and layer arrangement are documented for the body, rim and any transparent sections?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "protective-sections-q01" }, { "text": "Where are openings, seams, attachment penetrations or sections whose protective capability differs or is unknown?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "protective-sections-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "coverage-geometry", "name": "Coverage geometry", "description": "Relates shield dimensions and placement to exposed target regions.", "findings": [ { "id": "effective-covered-region", "name": "Effective covered region", "description": "Record coverage for a specified target, orientation and hazard direction rather than treating surface area as guaranteed protection.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the shield's dimensions and curvature, and which target regions lie behind it in the proposed position?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "effective-covered-region-q01" }, { "text": "Which changes in hazard direction, target posture or shield position create uncovered paths?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "effective-covered-region-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "support-positioning-and-awareness", "name": "Support, positioning and awareness", "description": "Captures how the shield is carried or mounted and how its placement affects observation.", "rationale": "Protection may be lost when a shield cannot be held in position or prevents the user from perceiving the task environment.", "layers": [ { "id": "support-and-retention", "name": "Support and retention", "description": "Records the interfaces that carry and retain the shield.", "findings": [ { "id": "deployment-interface", "name": "Deployment interface", "description": "Identify grips, straps, stands or mounts and the conditions for secure support.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which grips, straps, stands or mounting points are intended to support this shield, and what compatibility requirements apply?", "kind": "definition", "id": "deployment-interface-q01" }, { "text": "What attachment checks or adjustments are required before the shield may be carried, mounted or repositioned?", "kind": "action", "id": "deployment-interface-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "view-and-movement", "name": "View and movement", "description": "Records visibility and movement constraints while maintaining coverage.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-protective-position", "name": "Usable protective position", "description": "Assess whether the supported position permits necessary observation and movement without assuming transparent or opaque designs are interchangeable.", "questions": [ { "text": "What can the user observe through or around the shield in its intended protective position, including any obscured regions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-protective-position-q01" }, { "text": "Which required movements or equipment interactions would force the shield out of that position?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "usable-protective-position-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "damage-and-retained-protection", "name": "Damage and retained protection", "description": "Connects observed condition and exposure history to uncertainty about continued protective capability.", "rationale": "An intact-looking shield may lack evidence for continued use, while different defects require different assessments.", "layers": [ { "id": "damage-observations", "name": "Damage observations", "description": "Records defects in protective and supporting components.", "findings": [ { "id": "located-defects", "name": "Located defects", "description": "Record cracks, deformation, separation, surface damage and attachment defects where applicable to the construction.", "questions": [ { "text": "What defects are present, where are they located, and what are their measured extent and effect on shape, visibility or attachment security?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "located-defects-q01" }, { "text": "Which documented inspection criteria determine whether each observed defect permits continued use or requires further assessment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "located-defects-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-and-reassessment", "name": "Exposure and reassessment", "description": "Records events that may require evaluation even when visible damage is absent.", "findings": [ { "id": "protection-reassessment-triggers", "name": "Protection reassessment triggers", "description": "Connect known or uncertain impact, environmental and modification history to applicable reassessment requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "What impacts, heat, chemicals, weathering, repairs or modifications are recorded, and where is the history incomplete?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "protection-reassessment-triggers-q01" }, { "text": "Under the applicable instructions, which events require inspection, testing, quarantine or retirement before further protective use?", "kind": "action", "id": "protection-reassessment-triggers-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-limits-and-care", "name": "Use limits and care", "description": "Makes permitted protective use and preservation actions explicit.", "rationale": "The agent must translate evidence and condition into a bounded use decision and avoid maintenance that invalidates protection claims.", "layers": [ { "id": "task-specific-disposition", "name": "Task-specific disposition", "description": "Records whether the shield may serve a particular protective task.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-use-decision", "name": "Permitted use decision", "description": "Associate the current disposition with a defined hazard scenario, configuration and supporting assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "For which task, hazard conditions and configuration is this shield currently permitted, restricted or prohibited?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "permitted-use-decision-q01" }, { "text": "What unresolved evidence or condition issue must be addressed before an unassessed or quarantined shield can be used?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-use-decision-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-preserving-care", "name": "Protection-preserving care", "description": "Captures care and component changes that preserve the basis for protective use.", "findings": [ { "id": "allowed-care-and-changes", "name": "Allowed care and changes", "description": "Record applicable cleaning, storage, repair and replacement instructions, including required post-change checks.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cleaning agents, storage conditions and handling precautions are specified for this shield's protective materials and viewing surfaces?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "allowed-care-and-changes-q01" }, { "text": "Which components may be repaired or replaced, by whom, and what verification is required before protective use resumes?", "kind": "action", "id": "allowed-care-and-changes-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "round shield (aspis, clipeus, targe)", "rectangular or curved body shield (scutum, tower)", "kite and heater shield", "buckler", "pavise", "riot or public-order shield", "ballistic shield", "hide or rawhide traditional shield (for example Nguni or Zulu)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of shield this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q131559", "note": "Item 'shield'; English description 'item of armour carried to intercept attacks or projectiles'. Subclasses include riot shield Q829674 and scutum Q745446." }, { "scheme": "Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)", "value_or_pattern": "300036869", "note": "Concept 'shields (armor)'." }, { "scheme": "GND", "value_or_pattern": "4179600-7", "note": "Deutsche Nationalbibliothek subject heading for the object class." }, { "scheme": "Library of Congress Subject Headings", "value_or_pattern": "sh85121403", "note": "LCSH for shields as armour." }, { "scheme": "BnF", "value_or_pattern": "11978501z", "note": "Bibliothèque nationale de France authority." }, { "scheme": "Portable Antiquities Scheme object type", "value_or_pattern": "SHIELD (id 95215)", "note": "UK finds recording type for archaeological shields; related type Shield+Boss (95241)." }, { "scheme": "Unicode", "value_or_pattern": "U+1F6E1 (🛡)", "note": "Emoji/symbol for the object class, not a product code." }, { "scheme": "NIJ 0108.01 armour type", "value_or_pattern": "Type I | II-A | II | III-A | III | IV", "note": "Threat classification stamped or cited on U.S. ballistic shields; not a unique item identifier." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of shield this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "NIJ Standard-0108.01 Ballistic Resistant Protective Materials (National Institute of Justice, USA, 1985) - de facto test cited for portable ballistic shields; covers materials used to make them, not a complete-product standard.", "NIJ Standard-0123.00 Specification for NIJ Ballistic Protection Levels and Associated Test Threats (National Institute of Justice, USA, 2023) - current HG/RF threat table other ballistic-equipment standards are meant to reference.", "ASTM International Committee E54 (Homeland Security Applications) - product-level ballistic-shield test work intended to replace coupon testing under 0108.01 for finished shields.", "NIJ Standard-0104.02 Riot Helmets and Face Shields (National Institute of Justice, USA, 1984) - governs helmet-mounted visors, not handheld riot shields; listed only so the two are not conflated." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of shield this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Overlapping aspis or hoplon faces in a Greek phalanx, and overlapping scuta in a Roman testudo, as the unit's front and overhead cover.", "Medieval kite and heater shields carried on horseback and, from the 12th century, painted with the bearer's arms.", "Rapier-and-buckler civilian and fencing use from late medieval I.33 through the Renaissance.", "Scottish Highland targe used with broadsword into the 18th century.", "Police and gendarmerie public-order lines using transparent polycarbonate riot shields to stop thrown objects and blunt force, and as a short-range pushing tool.", "Police tactical and military entry teams carrying NIJ-rated ballistic shields (often with a viewport, weapon rest, lamp or camera) for warrant service, hostage rescue, and active-shooter approach.", "Zulu and other southern African cowhide shields in historical warfare and in later ceremonial or tourist display.", "Museum objects, HEMA and reenactment kit, and stage or film props." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of shield this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "mass", "typical_range": "0.5-15 (buckler about 1; riot polycarbonate about 2-6; laminated wood body shield about 6-10; rifle-rated ballistic about 6-14)", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "height", "typical_range": "20-40 (buckler); about 90-120 (riot); about 100-120 (scutum/heater body shield); ballistic panels from about 50×70 to 60×120", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "face thickness (non-ballistic)", "typical_range": "4-6 (polycarbonate riot); 5-6 (surviving laminated-wood scutum)", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "NIJ 0108.01 protection type", "typical_range": "II or III-A in common handgun shields; III for rifle ball; IV for armour-piercing rifle (commercial 'III+' is not a defined type)", "unit": "NIJ type" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of shield this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Treating a riot shield as ballistic: polycarbonate public-order shields are not rated to stop bullets.", "Overmatch of a ballistic shield by a higher NIJ type, armour-piercing core, edge hit, or shot through the viewport.", "Behind-armour blunt trauma and multi-hit degradation even when the face is not perforated.", "Spall and ricochet from metallic faces toward the bearer or bystanders.", "Handle, strap, or viewport-frame failure that drops the plate or opens a gap.", "Bearer fatigue: a rifle-rated shield of 8-14 kg cannot be held in a firing posture for long, so cover is lost when it is lowered.", "Splintering or delamination of wood, hide, or aged laminate under heavy blows or moisture.", "UV, solvent, and scratch damage that clouds polycarbonate and hides incoming threats.", "Marketplace mismatch: quoting 0108.01 coupon tests, or mixing 0108.01 types with 0101 body-armour threats, as if they certified the finished shield.", "Offensive use in crowd control (shield-bashing) causing blunt injury independent of any protective rating." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of shield this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Classical Mediterranean: Greek aspis/hoplon (deep round dish) versus Roman scutum (large oval, later rectangular semi-cylinder), later giving way again to oval clipeus.", "Medieval Latin Europe: kite then heater as the knightly form; buckler as the civilian and fencing form.", "Scotland: targe (studded leather over wood) named and used separately from the English buckler.", "Southern Africa: Nguni/Zulu cowhide shields as a distinct construction family (Wikidata Q28311132 for the Nguni type).", "Japan: tate (盾) as the native term and form-set, not a one-to-one match for European heater typology.", "Heraldic vocabulary: French écu / English escutcheon names the shield-shaped field in arms, not necessarily a fighting object; French bouclier is the physical plate.", "Modern policing: U.S. practice is dominated by NIJ-rated ballistic shields; much European public-order work is still a wall of non-ballistic polycarbonate." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of shield this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "worn body armour (cuirass, vest, plate)", "difference": "Armour is donned and stays on the torso; a shield is carried and can be discarded, stacked, or used to strike." }, { "name": "helmet-mounted face shield or visor", "difference": "Fixed to headgear and tested under riot-helmet standards such as NIJ 0104.02; a handheld shield is an independent plate with its own grip." }, { "name": "riot shield versus ballistic shield", "difference": "Riot shields are impact- and debris-rated polycarbonate or light metal with no ballistic type; ballistic shields carry an NIJ 0108.01 (or equivalent) type and are used when gunfire is the threat." }, { "name": "pavise or mantlet", "difference": "A pavise or mantlet is set on the ground or wheeled as a screen, especially for crossbowmen or siege work; a fighting shield is borne on the arm or in the hands while the user moves." }, { "name": "gun shield or vehicle armour plate", "difference": "Mounted on a weapon, turret, or hull and not independently carried by one person as personal cover." }, { "name": "heraldic escutcheon", "difference": "A graphic field in a coat of arms, often shield-shaped; identity is tested by whether a physical plate exists that can intercept a blow." }, { "name": "buckler versus targe or small round", "difference": "A buckler is a small fist-gripped duelling plate (typically under about 40 cm); a targe or small round is larger, often strapped to the forearm, and built as a war shield." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of shield this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend shield to cover both personal shields and equipment shields for heat, radiation or other hazards, or only a narrower physical-object class?", "What authoritative boundary separates a shield from a guard, screen, armour panel or protective enclosure in this registry?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept or any proposed part of its scope?", "Which protection standards, inspection criteria and retirement rules apply to each shield class eventually admitted to the model?", "How should ceremonial shields, replicas and historical examples be represented when protective intent exists but present protective capability is undocumented?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a shield, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a physical shield, assess its suitability and condition for a stated protective task, and determine whether and how it may be positioned, used, maintained or withdrawn.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: aritum, caetra, chīmalli, clipeus, aali, aspis, human shield, Plexiglass shield, strapped shield, long shield, boss grip shield, shield skin.", "41 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 97 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a shield, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "aritum", "caetra", "chīmalli", "clipeus", "aali", "aspis", "human shield", "Plexiglass shield", "strapped shield", "long shield", "boss grip shield", "shield skin" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 97 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 41 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one shield from another, and a shield from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a shield sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a shield from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a shield is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a shield is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a shield is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a shield is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a shield is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a shield is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a shield passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a shield between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a shield, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a shield is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What shield is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does shield perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise shield, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How shield is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does shield have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does shield need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about shield is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about shield hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern shield, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a shield came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a shield and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a shield is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a shield, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a shield, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a shield is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }