{ "model": { "rank": 3921, "code": "thing-q131562", "model_id": "vr.tr.fair-use", "name": "fair use", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a fair-use claim, assess its supporting evidence for a particular use, and identify justified actions and unresolved legal questions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q131562/", "tier": 2, "score": 80, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 80, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q131562", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131562", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:04:25Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0878d-8cfa-7d71-80e7-767437684be0\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: fair use\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.MED\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 70.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0878d-8cf0-7992-9560-e9a1ffa153bf\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: fair use\nRegistry id: vr.tr.fair-use\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.MED\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContex" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q131562", "registryId": "vr.tr.fair-use", "name": "fair use", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q131562/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.fair-use", "name": "fair use", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a fair-use claim, assess its supporting evidence for a particular use, and identify justified actions and unresolved legal questions.", "definition": "Fair use is a limitation on copyright under United States law that permits certain uses of copyrighted works without the copyright owner's permission, determined case by case through a statutory four-factor analysis.", "scope_statement": "This model owns fair use as a copyright doctrine and the assessment of particular uses under it, provisionally anchored to United States law; it does not treat fair use as a property permanently attached to a work. Under this anchor, fair use is a limitation on copyright exclusive rights. [17 USC §107](https://copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#107)", "in_scope": [ "Jurisdiction, applicable authority and assessment date", "The specific copyrighted material and acts for which fair use is asserted", "Evidence and reasoning addressing the four statutory factors", "Comparisons with relevant judicial decisions", "Assessment status, uncertainty and conditions requiring reassessment" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General ownership, registration and duration of copyright", "Copyright licences and permission transactions", "Public-domain status and copyrightability determinations", "Fair dealing and other separately defined copyright exceptions", "Trademark fair use, plagiarism and attribution ethics", "Independent contractual, privacy and access-control obligations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Ask whether the claimed basis is a copyright limitation rather than permission granted by a rights holder.", "Require an identified use of identified material; the label alone does not establish permission for later uses.", "Distinguish the copyright sense from trademark fair use and ordinary claims that conduct is fair.", "For the United States anchor, require consideration of purpose, work nature, amount and market effect; educational purpose and fixed excerpt percentages are not automatic safe harbours. [Copyright Office guidance](https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Governing jurisdiction", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named jurisdiction; unresolved; multiple jurisdictions requiring separate assessments", "why_it_matters": "Determines which doctrine and authorities the assessment must address." }, { "name": "Assessed use", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Actor, source work, selected material, act, purpose, audience, channel and date", "why_it_matters": "Defines exactly which conduct the conclusion covers." }, { "name": "Purpose and commercial context", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented purposes, claimed different function, revenue model and beneficiary", "why_it_matters": "Supports examination of the character of the particular use." }, { "name": "Source-work nature", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Factual and expressive characteristics; publication status; mixed; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Preserves characteristics relevant to the second factor." }, { "name": "Amount used", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Words, pages, seconds, frames, pixels or other medium-appropriate units, with denominator where meaningful", "why_it_matters": "Makes quantitative extent inspectable without inventing a permitted threshold." }, { "name": "Qualitative significance", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Central expression; peripheral expression; whole work; disputed; unknown, with explanation", "why_it_matters": "Records significance that numerical proportions cannot capture." }, { "name": "Market relationship", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified original or derivative market, alleged substitution mechanism and supporting or contrary evidence", "why_it_matters": "Connects market-effect reasoning to a concrete market and causal account." }, { "name": "Assessment status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed; evidence incomplete; reasoned assessment recorded; disputed; judicially determined with procedural status", "why_it_matters": "Separates an agent's assessment from an adjudicated outcome." }, { "name": "Authority dependency", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Statute or decision, pinpoint reference, jurisdiction, date and proposition supported", "why_it_matters": "Allows legal reasoning to be checked and updated." } ], "affordances": [ "Assemble a fair-use assessment for a precisely bounded proposed or actual use.", "Request missing excerpts, distribution facts or market evidence.", "Compare proposed changes in purpose, excerpt size, access or monetisation.", "Retrieve relevant authorities and explain factual similarities and differences.", "Recommend proceeding, revising the use, seeking permission or obtaining further review, with reasons.", "Reopen an assessment when the use, evidence or applicable authority changes." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "doctrine-and-applicability", "name": "Doctrine and applicability", "description": "Identify the legal sense of fair use and whether it is the relevant basis for the proposed conduct.", "rationale": "An agent must establish the applicable doctrine before evaluating a fair-use claim.", "layers": [ { "id": "jurisdiction-and-authority", "name": "Jurisdiction and authority", "description": "Anchor the assessment to a legal system and dated authorities.", "findings": [ { "id": "governing-fair-use-rule", "name": "Governing fair-use rule", "description": "Record the authority establishing the doctrine and any unresolved jurisdictional premise.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which jurisdiction's copyright law governs the acts being assessed?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "governing-fair-use-rule-q01" }, { "text": "Which statutory provisions and decisions establish the applicable rule, and when were they checked?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "governing-fair-use-rule-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "need-for-fair-use", "name": "Need for fair use", "description": "Connect the claim to an implicated copyright right and distinguish alternative grounds.", "findings": [ { "id": "claimed-legal-basis", "name": "Claimed legal basis", "description": "Identify why fair use is being assessed, while linking ownership, protection and permission questions to neighbouring models.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which act and exclusive right make fair use relevant to this assessment?", "kind": "definition", "id": "claimed-legal-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Is the asserted basis actually fair use, or permission, public-domain status, another exception or a different legal doctrine?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "claimed-legal-basis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "particular-use-and-purpose", "name": "Particular use and purpose", "description": "Define the conduct being evaluated and the evidence about its purpose and character.", "rationale": "A useful assessment needs the actual use context, not only the user's description of their intentions.", "layers": [ { "id": "use-boundaries", "name": "Use boundaries", "description": "Identify the work, material and individual acts covered by the assessment.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-use-instance", "name": "Bounded use instance", "description": "Record the source version, selected passages or components, actor, audience and distribution conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which exact version and portions of which work are copied, displayed, performed or otherwise used?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "bounded-use-instance-q01" }, { "text": "Which actors, acts, dates, audiences and channels does this assessment cover?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-use-instance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "purpose-and-character", "name": "Purpose and character", "description": "Examine the use's function and commercial or nonprofit context.", "findings": [ { "id": "purpose-evidence", "name": "Purpose evidence", "description": "Preserve evidence of the asserted purpose and claimed transformation for assessment against applicable authority.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does this use do with the borrowed expression, and how does that function compare with the source's function?", "kind": "definition", "id": "purpose-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What surrounding commentary, workflow, audience behaviour or financial arrangement supports or contradicts the asserted purpose?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "purpose-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "source-nature-and-taking", "name": "Source nature and taking", "description": "Examine the character of the source and the extent and significance of the material used.", "rationale": "The model must distinguish properties of the source from choices made when borrowing it.", "layers": [ { "id": "nature-of-source-work", "name": "Nature of source work", "description": "Record the source characteristics relevant to the second factor.", "findings": [ { "id": "expression-and-publication", "name": "Expression and publication", "description": "Describe factual and creative elements and establish publication status without assuming that online availability resolves it.", "questions": [ { "text": "What factual, functional and creative expression appears in the material actually used?", "kind": "definition", "id": "expression-and-publication-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes the source's publication status at the time of use?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "expression-and-publication-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "amount-and-substantiality", "name": "Amount and substantiality", "description": "Record quantitative extent, qualitative importance and the connection between the taking and its purpose.", "findings": [ { "id": "extent-and-purpose-fit", "name": "Extent and purpose fit", "description": "Measure the taking and explain why those particular elements were selected.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much of the relevant source work is used, measured in units appropriate to the medium?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "extent-and-purpose-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Does the selection capture central expression, and why is its extent needed for the stated purpose?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "extent-and-purpose-fit-q02" }, { "text": "Could a smaller or less revealing selection serve that purpose, and what would be lost?", "kind": "action", "id": "extent-and-purpose-fit-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "market-effect-evidence", "name": "Market-effect evidence", "description": "Investigate alleged effects on the source's market or value and the evidence behind those allegations.", "rationale": "Market reasoning needs a specified market, a causal mechanism and an account of uncertainty.", "layers": [ { "id": "markets-and-substitution", "name": "Markets and substitution", "description": "Identify market relationships and possible replacement of demand.", "findings": [ { "id": "market-effect-mechanism", "name": "Market-effect mechanism", "description": "Record claimed substitution and distinguish it from other reasons demand might change.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which existing or potential market is alleged to be affected, and what authority supports its relevance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "market-effect-mechanism-q01" }, { "text": "Could recipients use this material instead of obtaining the original or a relevant derivative, and what evidence supports that account?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "market-effect-mechanism-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reach-and-counterfactual", "name": "Reach and counterfactual", "description": "Describe exposure and compare the use with a supported account of what would happen without it.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-and-projected-effects", "name": "Observed and projected effects", "description": "Separate measured effects from forecasts and test assumptions about similar widespread conduct.", "questions": [ { "text": "What audience size, access conditions, availability period and redistribution are observed or expected?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-and-projected-effects-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports the market counterfactual and projected effects if similar conduct became widespread?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "observed-and-projected-effects-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "reasoned-assessment-and-action", "name": "Reasoned assessment and action", "description": "Connect evidence and authority to a bounded conclusion and a practical next step.", "rationale": "The agent needs an explainable assessment that preserves uncertainty and can be revised when its premises change.", "layers": [ { "id": "factor-synthesis", "name": "Factor synthesis", "description": "Explain how the factors interact in the circumstances of the use.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-conclusion", "name": "Supported conclusion", "description": "Record supporting and opposing reasoning without converting the factors into an automatic point score.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do the factor analyses support or undermine the conclusion when considered together?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-conclusion-q01" }, { "text": "Which judicial decisions were read, what propositions do they support, and which factual differences limit the analogy?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-conclusion-q02" }, { "text": "Which missing or disputed fact could materially change the assessment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-conclusion-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "decision-and-reassessment", "name": "Decision and reassessment", "description": "Record the operational decision, its owner and its limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditional-action-record", "name": "Conditional action record", "description": "Distinguish the recommended action, organisational acceptance and any court determination.", "questions": [ { "text": "Should the agent proceed, revise the use, seek permission or request further review, and who owns that decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "conditional-action-record-q01" }, { "text": "Which changes to purpose, material, distribution, market evidence or authority require reassessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "conditional-action-record-q02" }, { "text": "Is the conclusion an internal assessment, a disputed claim or a court determination, and what is its procedural status?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "conditional-action-record-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "No sense was recorded; the copyright doctrine is inferred from the name and media-domain context.", "This is recalled knowledge, with no sources consulted; current case law and jurisdiction-specific formulations require verification.", "The listed applications are contexts in which fair use is considered, not categorical permissions; there is no universal numerical threshold." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of fair use this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "United States Code citation", "value_or_pattern": "17 U.S.C. § 107", "note": "Identifies the principal United States statutory provision governing fair use, rather than an identifier for individual uses." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of fair use this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United States Congress: 17 U.S.C. § 107 identifies illustrative purposes and requires consideration of purpose and character, nature of the copyrighted work, amount and substantiality used, and effect on the potential market or value." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of fair use this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Quotation or reproduction for criticism and commentary.", "Use of copyrighted material in news reporting.", "Use for teaching, scholarship, and research.", "Parody that draws on a copyrighted work to comment on that work.", "Certain copying for search, indexing, or computational analysis, depending on the circumstances." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of fair use this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating an illustrative purpose such as education or news reporting as automatically qualifying.", "Assuming that a fixed word count, percentage, or duration guarantees fair use.", "Assuming that attribution or noncommercial intent alone makes a use fair.", "Ignoring the qualitative importance of the portion taken or the use's effect on relevant markets.", "Assuming that a fair-use conclusion also resolves separate questions involving contracts, privacy, trademarks, or anti-circumvention rules." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of fair use this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The definition here covers the United States copyright doctrine; other jurisdictions may use the same term with different statutory requirements.", "The United Kingdom and Canada use fair-dealing provisions with specified purposes and jurisdiction-specific fairness requirements.", "European Union copyright law provides enumerated exceptions and limitations rather than a general equivalent of the United States fair-use doctrine." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of fair use this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "fair dealing", "difference": "Generally requires a use to fall within specified statutory purposes before its fairness is assessed; United States fair use has an open-ended list of illustrative purposes." }, { "name": "public domain", "difference": "Public-domain material lacks applicable copyright protection; fair use permits particular uses of material that remains copyrighted." }, { "name": "copyright licence", "difference": "A licence supplies authorization from a rights holder; fair use operates without requiring that authorization." }, { "name": "plagiarism", "difference": "Plagiarism concerns misrepresenting authorship or failing to acknowledge sources; fair use concerns whether a use infringes copyright." }, { "name": "transformative use", "difference": "Transformation is a consideration within fair-use analysis, particularly its first factor, rather than a separate permission or conclusive test." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of fair use this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend United States copyright fair use specifically, or a cross-jurisdiction concept requiring distinct jurisdictional profiles?", "Which existing Vercy model, if any, already owns this doctrine and should be linked as the source of truth?", "Which current controlling decisions govern the intended use contexts, especially where the function of the use or relevant licensing market is disputed?", "How should amount and qualitative significance be assessed for composite works, datasets, software and other sources with contested work boundaries?", "What evidence and review authority should this deployment require before an agent may act on an assessment?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a fair use, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a fair-use claim, assess its supporting evidence for a particular use, and identify justified actions and unresolved legal questions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a fair use, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one fair use from another, and a fair use from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a fair use, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a fair use, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a fair use is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a fair use, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a fair use, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a fair use is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a fair use sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a fair use, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a fair use, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a fair use is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a fair use from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a fair use, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a fair use, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a fair use is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a fair use passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a fair use between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a fair use, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a fair use, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a fair use is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a fair use, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a fair use is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a fair use, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a fair use, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a fair use is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a fair use says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a fair use contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a fair use, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a fair use, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a fair use is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a fair use and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a fair use, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a fair use, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a fair use is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of fair use a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For fair use, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of fair use exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made fair use and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to fair use, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in fair use, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a fair use came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a fair use and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a fair use, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a fair use, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a fair use is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a fair use is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a fair use, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a fair use, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a fair use is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }