{ "model": { "rank": 2337, "code": "thing-q13201", "model_id": "vr.tr.romani", "name": "Romani", "purpose": "Let an agent describe the Romani language and its dialects with attribution, relay speaker numbers, status and standardisation efforts with sources, explain its Indian origin and contact history, and use the self-designation Romani and Roma rather than exonyms.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q13201/", "tier": 2, "score": 109, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Romani language in Bulgaria", "Rodi", "O and E superdialects", "Auvergne Romani", "Rumelian Romani", "Colombian Romani", "Romani jargon", "Balkan Romani", "Vlax Romani", "Para-Romani", "Servitka Romani", "Carpathian Romani", "Baltic Romani", "Northern Romani", "Ursari Romani", "Arli Romani", "Zargari Romani", "Abruzzese Romani", "Sepečides-Romani", "Kalderash Romani", "Lovari Romani", "Romano-Greek", "Scottish Cant", "Gurvari", "Bohemian Romani", "Burgenland Romani", "Lotfitka", "North Russian Romani", "Kosovo Arli Romani", "Macedonia Arli Romani" ], "aliasCount": 30, "merged": 30, "knownIn": 109, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q13201", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13201", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T00:57:20Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q13201", "registryId": "vr.tr.romani", "name": "Romani", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q13201/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.romani", "name": "Romani", "purpose": "Let an agent describe the Romani language and its dialects with attribution, relay speaker numbers, status and standardisation efforts with sources, explain its Indian origin and contact history, and use the self-designation Romani and Roma rather than exonyms.", "definition": "An Indo-Aryan language of the Romani people, descended from languages of northern India and spoken in many dialects across Europe and the Americas, including the Vlax, Balkan, Carpathian and Sinti groups and regional varieties such as Rumelian Romani and Romani in Bulgaria, with the O and E superdialect distinction used by linguists; Romani has no state and no single standard, has borrowed heavily from contact languages, is spoken by several million people and is recognised as a minority language in a number of countries.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a language.", "affordances": [ "describe dialects and classification", "relay speaker numbers and status", "explain origin and history", "present standardisation efforts" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Indian origin", "Diaspora without territory", "Dialect diversity", "Heavy contact influence" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; written in Latin and Cyrillic based orthographies.", "visual_identification": [ "Indo-Aryan language of the Roma", "Vlax, Balkan, Carpathian, Sinti and other dialect groups", "Para-Romani varieties such as Angloromani mix Romani vocabulary with other grammars; Domari is a related but distinct language" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "speakers", "typical_range": "about 3.5 million", "unit": "people", "note": "estimates vary widely" }, { "quantity": "dialect groups", "typical_range": "4 major", "unit": "count", "note": "by common classification" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "Vlax Romani", "Balkan Romani including Rumelian", "Central or Carpathian Romani", "Northern groups including Sinti and Finnish Romani", "Romani in specific countries such as Bulgaria and Colombia", "para-Romani mixed varieties", "standardisation and literary Romani" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "Central Indo-Aryan", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is spoken by", "target": "Romani people", "why": "the Roma" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Domari", "why": "a separate Indo-Aryan diaspora language" }, { "relation": "is protected by", "target": "European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages", "why": "in several states" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ISO 639-2", "value_or_pattern": "rom", "note": "" }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-3", "value_or_pattern": "rom", "note": "macrolanguage with dialect codes" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Minority language recognition in countries such as Sweden, Finland and Romania", "Council of Europe initiatives on Romani", "No single standard orthography" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Use of exonyms considered offensive", "Stereotyping of speakers", "Unsourced speaker figures", "Treating dialects as one uniform language" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identify", "name": "Identify", "description": "What Romani is.", "rationale": "Identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Language and dialects.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is Romani, and how are its dialects classified, including the O and E superdialects?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the language, a para-Romani variety or the Roma people?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "speakers", "name": "Speakers", "description": "Speakers.", "findings": [ { "id": "speakers-finding", "name": "Speakers", "description": "Speakers.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many people speak Romani, and where, with sources and their limits?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific dialect?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "structure", "name": "Structure", "description": "Grammar and contact.", "rationale": "Linguistics.", "layers": [ { "id": "grammar", "name": "Grammar", "description": "Grammar.", "findings": [ { "id": "grammar-finding", "name": "Grammar", "description": "Grammar.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the main features of Romani grammar and vocabulary?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Indo-Aryan linguistics?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "contact", "name": "Contact", "description": "Contact and borrowing.", "findings": [ { "id": "contact-finding", "name": "Contact", "description": "Contact.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have contact languages shaped Romani dialects and para-Romani varieties?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Origin and history.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "origin", "name": "Origin", "description": "Indian origin.", "findings": [ { "id": "origin-finding", "name": "Origin", "description": "Origin.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do linguistics and genetics say about the Indian origin and migration of the Roma, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "europe", "name": "Europe", "description": "History in Europe.", "findings": [ { "id": "europe-finding", "name": "Europe", "description": "Europe.", "questions": [ { "text": "How has the language survived persecution, including the Roma genocide, as historians document?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation respectful and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "today", "name": "Today", "description": "Status and standardisation.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Status and rights.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-finding", "name": "Status", "description": "Status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is Romani recognised, and what education and media exist?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Roma rights?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standard", "name": "Standard", "description": "Standardisation.", "findings": [ { "id": "standard-finding", "name": "Standard", "description": "Standard.", "questions": [ { "text": "What efforts exist to standardise Romani, and what debates surround them, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Romani standardisation?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should dialect groups be separate entries?", "How should linguistic and rights sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming dialects and a classification term; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Romani, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent describe the Romani language and its dialects with attribution, relay speaker numbers, status and standardisation efforts with sources, explain its Indian origin and contact history, and use the self-designation Romani and Roma rather than exonyms.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Romani language in Bulgaria, Rodi, O and E superdialects, Auvergne Romani, Rumelian Romani, Colombian Romani, Romani jargon, Balkan Romani, Vlax Romani, Para-Romani, Servitka Romani, Carpathian Romani.", "30 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 109 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Romani, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Romani language in Bulgaria", "Rodi", "O and E superdialects", "Auvergne Romani", "Rumelian Romani", "Colombian Romani", "Romani jargon", "Balkan Romani", "Vlax Romani", "Para-Romani", "Servitka Romani", "Carpathian Romani" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 109 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 30 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Romani from another, and a Romani from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Romani, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Romani, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Romani is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Romani, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Romani, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Romani is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Romani sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Romani, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Romani, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Romani is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Romani from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Romani, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Romani, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Romani is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Romani passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Romani between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Romani, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Romani, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Romani is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Romani, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Romani is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Romani, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Romani, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Romani is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Romani says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Romani contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Romani, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Romani, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Romani is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Romani and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Romani, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Romani, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Romani is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of Romani a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For Romani, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of Romani exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made Romani and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to Romani, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in Romani, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Romani came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Romani and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Romani, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Romani, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Romani is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Romani is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Romani, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Romani, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Romani is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }