{ "model": { "rank": 3077, "code": "thing-q132621", "model_id": "vr.tr.epinephrine", "name": "epinephrine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise epinephrine, assess the identity and condition of a particular material or measured occurrence, and determine which handling or use decisions require additional evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q132621/", "tier": 2, "score": 91, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 91, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q132621", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132621", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:38:09Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.03217688, "turns": 3, "seconds": 222.2, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 79, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c4a-bdad-7090-917a-d53044a038ba\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: epinephrine\nRegistry id: vr.tr.epinephrine\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q132621", "registryId": "vr.tr.epinephrine", "name": "epinephrine", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q132621/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.epinephrine", "name": "epinephrine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise epinephrine, assess the identity and condition of a particular material or measured occurrence, and determine which handling or use decisions require additional evidence.", "definition": "Epinephrine (INN; BAN adrenaline) is the (R)-enantiomer of 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol, the catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla (and a few brainstem neurons) and a licensed nonselective α- and β-adrenoceptor agonist used as an essential emergency medicine.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the substance-level identity of epinephrine for vr.tr.epinephrine in PHY / PHY.MAT, including its occurrence in biological samples, chemical materials and pharmaceutical preparations, while linking to separate models for products, devices, patients and clinical procedures.", "in_scope": [ "Chemical identity, naming, stereochemical composition and distinction between epinephrine content and salt or formulation mass.", "Occurrence as endogenous material, manufactured substance, formulated ingredient or measured analyte.", "Amount, concentration, purity and analytical evidence specific to the material or sample.", "Formulation composition, degradation, storage history and suitability for a stated purpose.", "Evidence and external authorisations required before preparation, transfer, administration or disposal." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, shock or other patient conditions.", "Patient-specific prescribing, dose selection and treatment monitoring protocols.", "Autoinjector, syringe, infusion pump or nasal delivery device mechanics and operation.", "Complete models of adrenal physiology, adrenergic receptors and catecholamine metabolism.", "Manufacturing process design and complete medicinal-product approval dossiers." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Resolve epinephrine and adrenaline as names for the same substance rather than creating separate identities; PubChem associates both names with CID 5816. [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Epinephrine)", "Require an identity method that discriminates epinephrine from related catecholamines such as norepinephrine and dopamine; a generic catecholamine result is insufficient.", "Check stereochemical designation or stereoselective evidence before equating a material with a racemic preparation; the racemate has a separate PubChem record. [PubChem racemate record](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/epinepherine)", "Distinguish active epinephrine concentration from container volume, total active amount and salt mass; a product may express epinephrine-base equivalence alongside epinephrine bitartrate content. [DailyMed product label](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=60efd409-3555-4182-a68d-1cd7bc0d1bfc&version=9)", "Distinguish the substance from a preparation containing it: identical ingredient names do not establish equivalent concentration, excipients, route or preparation requirements. [DailyMed injection label](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c0d1def8-9f47-0d3e-e053-2995a90af955)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identity evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Substance identifier linked to reference structure, analytical result or product composition record", "why_it_matters": "Separates an asserted epinephrine identity from one supported by a suitable reference or test." }, { "name": "Stereochemical composition", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Specified stereoisomer; racemate; measured mixture; unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Prevents chemically related stereochemical forms from being silently treated as equivalent." }, { "name": "Chemical form and reporting basis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Free base or identified salt; amount expressed as epinephrine equivalent or named chemical form", "why_it_matters": "Makes mass and concentration comparisons interpretable." }, { "name": "Occurrence context", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Bulk material; reference standard; pharmaceutical ingredient; formulated preparation; biological sample", "why_it_matters": "Determines which quality criteria and actions are relevant." }, { "name": "Epinephrine concentration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass per volume or amount-of-substance per volume, with matrix and reporting basis", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison and preparation calculations without confusing strength with total quantity." }, { "name": "Total epinephrine amount", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg, micrograms or mol, with chemical basis and assessed material quantity", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes the amount present from concentration and from a device's claimed deliverable amount." }, { "name": "Assay and related impurities", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Assay percentage and impurity concentrations, with method, uncertainty and specification", "why_it_matters": "Supports judgments about identity, potency and degradation beyond visual appearance." }, { "name": "Formulation constituents", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked solvent, buffer, preservative, antioxidant and co-active ingredients with amounts where known", "why_it_matters": "Makes compatibility and suitability decisions specific to the actual preparation." }, { "name": "Observed material condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Recorded colour, clarity, particulates, phase and container integrity; conforming, nonconforming or unassessed", "why_it_matters": "Allows observable defects to affect disposition without mistaking appearance for a complete quality test." }, { "name": "Exposure and preparation history", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Time-stamped storage, light exposure, temperature excursions, opening and dilution events", "why_it_matters": "Connects current suitability to the material's actual history." }, { "name": "Purpose-specific disposition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed; eligible for specified purpose; restricted; quarantined; rejected", "why_it_matters": "Prevents suitability for analytical work from being interpreted as suitability for administration." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve an epinephrine or adrenaline reference to a supported substance identity while retaining its original name.", "Compare materials using explicit stereochemistry, chemical form, concentration basis and intended purpose.", "Calculate epinephrine content or a proposed dilution from verified inputs and an externally supplied preparation instruction.", "Assess a sample or preparation against the applicable identity, assay, appearance and stability criteria.", "Flag or quarantine material whose identity, history or quality does not support its intended use.", "Link a proposed administration or biological interpretation to the relevant product, protocol, patient or assay model." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-adrenaline", "title": "Adrenaline", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephrine", "what_it_supports": "Chemical identity, identifiers (CAS, UNII, PubChem, ATC, INN/USAN/BAN), physiology, medical uses, naming history, pharmacokinetics, and distinction from ephedrine.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-epinephrine-medication", "title": "Epinephrine (medication)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephrine_(medication)", "what_it_supports": "Drug-class uses (anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, asthma, croup, bleeding), WHO Essential Medicines listing, INN/USAN versus BAN, and brand names.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "pubchem-5816", "title": "Epinephrine | C9H13NO3 | CID 5816", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Epinephrine", "what_it_supports": "PubChem CID, Wikidata Q132621, and WHO ATC codes A01AD01, B02BC09, C01CA24, R01AA14, R03AA01, S01EA01.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "statpearls-epinephrine", "title": "Epinephrine (StatPearls)", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482160/", "what_it_supports": "FDA indications, dose-dependent α/β actions, adult and paediatric doses and concentrations, adverse effects, toxicity, extravasation, pregnancy/breastfeeding, and guideline use in ACLS, sepsis, and anaphylaxis.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "epinephrine-identity", "name": "Epinephrine identity", "description": "Establish what substance is being named and which chemical distinctions remain material.", "rationale": "An adrenaline label, a catecholamine result and a stereochemically specified epinephrine standard provide different levels of identity evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "names-and-chemical-recognition", "name": "Names and chemical recognition", "description": "Connect names and identifiers to evidence that distinguishes epinephrine from neighbouring substances.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-epinephrine-identification", "name": "Supported epinephrine identification", "description": "Record the claimed identity and the evidence supporting discrimination from related catecholamines.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which reference identifier or chemical structure does this use of epinephrine or adrenaline denote?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-epinephrine-identification-q01" }, { "text": "What test or composition record supports epinephrine identity, and can it distinguish norepinephrine, dopamine and relevant interferents?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-epinephrine-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stereochemistry-and-salt-form", "name": "Stereochemistry and salt form", "description": "Preserve distinctions hidden by an ingredient name alone.", "findings": [ { "id": "chemical-equivalence-boundaries", "name": "Chemical equivalence boundaries", "description": "Require explicit stereochemical and chemical-form information before equating two epinephrine materials.", "questions": [ { "text": "What stereochemical composition is specified or measured, and what remains unknown?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "chemical-equivalence-boundaries-q01" }, { "text": "Is the material a free base or an identified salt, and does its stated amount refer to that form or to epinephrine equivalents?", "kind": "definition", "id": "chemical-equivalence-boundaries-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "occurrence-and-analytical-context", "name": "Occurrence and analytical context", "description": "Distinguish manufactured epinephrine from epinephrine measured in a biological matrix.", "rationale": "A concentration in a vial and a concentration in a biological sample need different provenance and interpretation.", "layers": [ { "id": "material-origin-and-role", "name": "Material origin and role", "description": "Identify the occurrence being represented and the provenance available for it.", "findings": [ { "id": "epinephrine-occurrence-provenance", "name": "Epinephrine occurrence provenance", "description": "Record whether the agent is assessing a supplied material, a formulated ingredient or an analyte occurrence without inferring origin from identity alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this occurrence a manufactured material, formulation ingredient, reference standard or biological analyte?", "kind": "definition", "id": "epinephrine-occurrence-provenance-q01" }, { "text": "Which batch, supplier, preparation record or specimen links support its origin, and is endogenous versus administered origin established or unknown?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "epinephrine-occurrence-provenance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "biological-sample-interpretability", "name": "Biological sample interpretability", "description": "Capture the conditions needed to interpret an epinephrine assay without making a diagnosis.", "findings": [ { "id": "contextualised-epinephrine-result", "name": "Contextualised epinephrine result", "description": "Keep the reported result attached to its matrix, collection conditions and assay limitations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What specimen matrix, collection time or interval, preservation history and relevant administered-epinephrine history accompany the result?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "contextualised-epinephrine-result-q01" }, { "text": "What method, units, detection limits and laboratory interpretation criteria apply, and where must interpretation pass to a clinical model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "contextualised-epinephrine-result-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "epinephrine-content-and-formulation", "name": "Epinephrine content and formulation", "description": "Make the active amount and the surrounding preparation unambiguous.", "rationale": "Epinephrine strength, total content and formulation composition directly constrain comparison and preparation.", "layers": [ { "id": "strength-and-quantity", "name": "Strength and quantity", "description": "Separate concentration, total active amount and any presentation-dependent delivery claim.", "findings": [ { "id": "unambiguous-active-content", "name": "Unambiguous active content", "description": "Represent epinephrine content with explicit units, volume and chemical basis while preserving the original label expression.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the epinephrine concentration in explicit mass-per-volume units, and what chemical basis does it use?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "unambiguous-active-content-q01" }, { "text": "What total active amount follows from the verified material quantity, and is a stated delivered amount a separate product or device claim?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "unambiguous-active-content-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-preparation-constraints", "name": "Composition and preparation constraints", "description": "Connect the epinephrine ingredient to the particular formulation that governs its use.", "findings": [ { "id": "formulation-specific-suitability", "name": "Formulation-specific suitability", "description": "Record excipients, co-active ingredients and preparation requirements at the product level rather than generalising them to all epinephrine.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which solvent, preservatives, sulfites or other antioxidants, and co-active ingredients are present in this preparation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "formulation-specific-suitability-q01" }, { "text": "Which exact product instructions support the proposed route, diluent and final concentration?", "kind": "action", "id": "formulation-specific-suitability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "epinephrine-quality-and-stability", "name": "Epinephrine quality and stability", "description": "Determine whether the particular material retains the quality required for its intended purpose.", "rationale": "Epinephrine identity alone cannot establish usable potency or acceptable condition after storage, opening or dilution.", "layers": [ { "id": "potency-and-material-condition", "name": "Potency and material condition", "description": "Combine analytical quality evidence with observations relevant to the physical preparation.", "findings": [ { "id": "quality-evidence-and-limits", "name": "Quality evidence and limits", "description": "Assess assay, impurities and visible condition against an applicable specification while retaining gaps in evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What assay and related-substance results support the stated epinephrine potency and purity, using which methods and acceptance criteria?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "quality-evidence-and-limits-q01" }, { "text": "What colour, clarity, particulate or container-integrity observations were recorded, and which quality attributes remain untested?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "quality-evidence-and-limits-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage-opening-and-dilution-history", "name": "Storage, opening and dilution history", "description": "Evaluate stability using the actual presentation and its exposure history.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-remaining-usability", "name": "Supported remaining usability", "description": "Distinguish unopened expiry from evidence supporting use after an excursion, opening or preparation step.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature, light exposure, opening, dilution and container-transfer history is known for this epinephrine material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-remaining-usability-q01" }, { "text": "Which product-specific or validated stability evidence supports continued use, quarantine or rejection after that history?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-remaining-usability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "epinephrine-action-eligibility", "name": "Epinephrine action eligibility", "description": "Determine which operations the material evidence supports and where external decisions are required.", "rationale": "A correct substance identity or concentration does not independently authorise preparation, substitution or administration.", "layers": [ { "id": "purpose-and-authority", "name": "Purpose and authority", "description": "Bind suitability to a specific intended operation and its governing evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "purpose-bound-use-decision", "name": "Purpose-bound use decision", "description": "Separate chemical suitability from permission to use a particular epinephrine preparation in a clinical or laboratory activity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the proposed use analytical, experimental, manufacturing-related or clinical, and what grade and quality evidence does it require?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "purpose-bound-use-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Which current product label, validated procedure or authorised clinical instruction governs the proposed action?", "kind": "action", "id": "purpose-bound-use-decision-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "preparation-verification-and-disposition", "name": "Preparation verification and disposition", "description": "Check material-dependent prerequisites and record the resulting disposition.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-operation-or-escalation", "name": "Verified operation or escalation", "description": "Support a proposed operation only to the extent established by concentration, formulation, condition and external instruction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Before transfer or dilution, have source strength, epinephrine-equivalent amount, final volume and formulation compatibility been verified?", "kind": "action", "id": "verified-operation-or-escalation-q01" }, { "text": "What unresolved discrepancy requires clarification, quarantine or rejection, and which linked workflow handles urgent clinical decisions or disposal?", "kind": "action", "id": "verified-operation-or-escalation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Endogenous adrenal-medullary hormone (circulating epinephrine of the fight-or-flight response)", "Pharmaceutical L-epinephrine (the levorotatory free base used as the drug substance)", "Epinephrine hydrochloride injection", "Epinephrine bitartrate (ophthalmic and some parenteral salts; tartrate-containing products are avoided intraocularly)", "Racemic epinephrine for nebulization (croup), as distinct from L-epinephrine", "1 mg/mL (historically 1:1000) intramuscular/subcutaneous anaphylaxis presentation", "0.1 mg/mL (historically 1:10,000) intravenous/intraosseous cardiac-arrest presentation", "Community self-administration products (auto-injectors at 0.1/0.15/0.3 mg and epinephrine nasal spray)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of epinephrine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q132621", "note": "Item for the molecule (hormone and drug)." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "51-43-4", "note": "Free base; salt forms have different CAS numbers." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "5816", "note": "NCBI PubChem compound." }, { "scheme": "FDA UNII", "value_or_pattern": "YKH834O4BH", "note": "Substance identifier in FDA SRS." }, { "scheme": "INN / USAN", "value_or_pattern": "epinephrine", "note": "WHO International Nonproprietary Name and United States Adopted Name; BAN is adrenaline." }, { "scheme": "ATC", "value_or_pattern": "A01AD01 | B02BC09 | C01CA24 | R01AA14 | R03AA01 | S01EA01", "note": "WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes by use (stomatological, haemostatic, cardiac stimulant, nasal, inhalant, ophthalmic)." }, { "scheme": "DrugBank", "value_or_pattern": "DB00668", "note": "Drug record for the pharmaceutical substance." }, { "scheme": "ChEBI", "value_or_pattern": "CHEBI:28918", "note": "Chemical Entities of Biological Interest." }, { "scheme": "InChIKey", "value_or_pattern": "UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N", "note": "Stereospecific key for (R)-epinephrine." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "200-098-7", "note": "ECHA substance information 100.000.090." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of epinephrine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "WHO International Nonproprietary Name: epinephrine (adrenaline listed as a synonym); British Approved Name and European Pharmacopoeia title: adrenaline.", "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (epinephrine/adrenaline as a core emergency medicine).", "WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology: ATC codes A01AD01, B02BC09, C01CA24, R01AA14, R03AA01, S01EA01.", "US FDA: prescription-only; approved for type I hypersensitivity including anaphylaxis, hypotension of septic shock, and intraocular mydriasis; auto-injectors and nasal spray (neffy) are labelled products.", "EMA: Rx-only (e.g. Eurneffy EPAR for nasal epinephrine); UK MHRA: POM, typically labelled adrenaline (epinephrine).", "Australia: SUSMP Schedule 4 (prescription); pregnancy category A.", "American Heart Association ACLS/PALS guidelines: 1 mg IV/IO every 3-5 min in adult cardiac arrest; 0.01 mg/kg (max 1 mg) in paediatric arrest.", "Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2021: add epinephrine when mean arterial pressure remains inadequate on norepinephrine plus vasopressin.", "AAAAI/ACAAI anaphylaxis practice parameters: first-line intramuscular epinephrine and prescription of auto-injectors for at-risk patients." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of epinephrine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Intramuscular injection into the anterolateral thigh (auto-injector or 1 mg/mL ampoule) as first-line treatment of anaphylaxis in the community and emergency department.", "Intravenous or intraosseous 0.1 mg/mL boluses during cardiac arrest as part of ACLS/PALS, including prehospital EMT use of prefilled syringes.", "Titrated intravenous infusion for vasodilatory/septic shock after norepinephrine (and often vasopressin).", "Nebulized racemic or L-epinephrine for croup, and as adjunct bronchodilation in severe asthma unresponsive to standard therapy.", "Added to local-anaesthetic blocks for vasoconstriction and prolonged duration; used in ophthalmic irrigation or as an intracameral bolus for mydriasis during intraocular surgery.", "Intranasal spray (2 mg into one nostril, repeat after 5 min if needed) as a needle-free community alternative.", "Endotracheal administration (higher dose) when intravenous or intraosseous access is not yet available, including neonatal resuscitation.", "Measured, usually via metabolites (metanephrines), in the biochemical work-up of pheochromocytoma, hypoglycaemia, and myocardial infarction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of epinephrine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molecular mass (free base)", "typical_range": "183.207", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Plasma half-life", "typical_range": "2-5", "unit": "min" }, { "quantity": "Adult intramuscular anaphylaxis dose", "typical_range": "0.3-0.5", "unit": "mg" }, { "quantity": "Adult cardiac-arrest IV/IO bolus", "typical_range": "1 mg every 3-5 min", "unit": "mg" }, { "quantity": "Paediatric cardiac-arrest IV/IO dose", "typical_range": "0.01 (maximum 1 mg per dose)", "unit": "mg/kg" }, { "quantity": "Septic-shock intravenous infusion", "typical_range": "0.05-2", "unit": "µg/kg/min" }, { "quantity": "Common injectable concentrations", "typical_range": "0.1 (cardiac 1:10,000) and 1 (anaphylaxis 1:1000)", "unit": "mg/mL" }, { "quantity": "Auto-injector labelled doses", "typical_range": "0.1, 0.15, or 0.3", "unit": "mg" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of epinephrine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Wrong-concentration error: giving 1 mg/mL (1:1000) intravenously instead of 0.1 mg/mL (1:10,000), causing overdose with arrhythmia, myocardial ischaemia, pulmonary oedema, lactic acidosis, or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.", "Delayed or omitted intramuscular epinephrine in anaphylaxis, a leading contributor to fatal outcomes.", "Extravasation of an infusion causing local ischaemia and tissue necrosis; phentolamine infiltration is the usual rescue.", "Injection into end-arterial sites (digits, nose, penis, toes) with risk of ischaemic injury.", "Expected sympathomimetic toxicity: tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmia, vasospasm, angina, tremor, anxiety, hyperglycaemia, hypokalaemia.", "Potentiation by MAO inhibitors, COMT inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and some antihistamines; antagonism or unopposed α-effects with β-blockers; increased arrhythmogenicity with halogenated anaesthetics and cardiac glycosides.", "Relative contraindication in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, where epinephrine can trigger arrest.", "Undiluted or bisulfite-containing intraocular use damaging corneal endothelium; epinephrine-driven lactate production confounding septic-shock lactate trends.", "Product failure: oxidation (pink/brown catechol discoloration) with loss of potency; auto-injector misuse, clothing, expiry, or under-dosing in larger patients.", "In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, epinephrine can raise 30-day survival without improving favourable neurological outcome (PARAMEDIC2)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of epinephrine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "United States: official generic and FDA labelling is epinephrine (Adrenalin was a Parke-Davis trademark); clinical speech matches the label.", "United Kingdom and much of Europe, Australia, and Japan: clinicians say adrenaline; UK MHRA communications commonly write adrenaline (epinephrine); European Pharmacopoeia title is adrenaline.", "WHO INN remains epinephrine, so international product names, ATC, and many registries use epinephrine even where bedside language is adrenaline.", "Ratio labelling (1:1000 vs 1:10,000) is still common in some emergency systems and is being replaced by mg/mL on many modern labels to cut dosing errors.", "Community devices differ by market (EpiPen, Auvi-Q/Allerject, Jext, Anapen, and nasal sprays such as neffy/Eurneffy), as do auto-injector dose steps for infants." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of epinephrine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)", "difference": "Lacks the N-methyl of epinephrine, so it is mainly an α1/β1 agonist with little β2 activity; first-line vasopressor in septic shock rather than first-line for anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest. Separated by structure (N-methyl) and by LC-MS/MS or immunoassay of the two catecholamines and their metanephrines." }, { "name": "Dopamine", "difference": "The biosynthetic precursor; acts on dopamine receptors as well as adrenergic receptors and is used at different infusion ranges for shock. Chemical test: dopamine has no β-hydroxy or N-methyl of epinephrine (C8 vs C9 catecholamine)." }, { "name": "Ephedrine", "difference": "A mixed-acting, non-catechol phenethylamine (no 3,4-dihydroxy ring) with oral activity and a longer duration; Wikipedia explicitly warns against confusing the names. Catechol functional-group test or mass spectrum separates them." }, { "name": "Phenylephrine", "difference": "Selective α1 agonist used as a vasopressor and decongestant; lacks the catechol 3,4-dihydroxy pattern and epinephrine's β-agonist cardiac and bronchial effects." }, { "name": "Isoprenaline (isoproterenol)", "difference": "The N-isopropyl analogue and a selective β-agonist (bradycardia/heart block), not a mixed α/β emergency pressor. Distinguished by the N-substituent (isopropyl vs methyl)." }, { "name": "Metanephrine", "difference": "The COMT metabolite measured in plasma or urine for pheochromocytoma; not the parent hormone and not a resuscitation drug." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of epinephrine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own epinephrine or adrenaline, requiring this registry entry to link to it instead of receiving a separate publication?", "Which authoritative identity standards should define the entry's stereochemical boundary and its relationships to racemic epinephrine and epinephrine salts?", "Which compendial and validated analytical methods provide the required identity, potency and impurity criteria for each intended material grade?", "Which marketed formulations, routes and jurisdictions must the model support, and what current product-specific instructions govern each?", "Which stability studies and biological sample-handling standards support defensible limits for storage excursions, prepared solutions and assay interpretation?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a epinephrine, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise epinephrine, assess the identity and condition of a particular material or measured occurrence, and determine which handling or use decisions require additional evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 91 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a epinephrine, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 91 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one epinephrine from another, and a epinephrine from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a epinephrine sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a epinephrine from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a epinephrine is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a epinephrine is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a epinephrine is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a epinephrine is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a epinephrine is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a epinephrine is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a epinephrine passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a epinephrine between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a epinephrine, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a epinephrine is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a epinephrine and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a epinephrine is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a epinephrine performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a epinephrine.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a epinephrine at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a epinephrine there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What epinephrine is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name epinephrine unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of epinephrine exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How epinephrine behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of epinephrine, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is epinephrine incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How epinephrine can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is epinephrine classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover epinephrine, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a epinephrine came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a epinephrine and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a epinephrine is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a epinephrine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a epinephrine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a epinephrine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }