{ "model": { "rank": 5552, "code": "thing-q1326621", "model_id": "vr.tr.electric-light", "name": "electric light", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an electric lighting device, assess its illumination and operating condition, and determine compatible, safe uses and interventions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q1326621/", "tier": 2, "score": 66, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "dental curing light", "light-emitting component", "Christmas lights", "Tokyo Millenario", "Christmas string lights", "light bulb", "solid-state lighting", "emergency light", "grow light", "infrared lamp", "smart light", "arc lamp", "microscope lamp bulb", "cap lamp", "A-series light bulb", "Yablochkov candle", "xenon arc lamp" ], "aliasCount": 17, "merged": 17, "knownIn": 66, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q1326621", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326621", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:37:54Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08851-1caf-78d3-8b11-03eaffa70c71\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: electric light\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 188 things:\n# Batch 006: 1001 r", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 62.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08851-1cb4-77d0-84d2-a12470923ec8\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: electric light\nRegistry id: vr.tr.electric-light\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1326621", "registryId": "vr.tr.electric-light", "name": "electric light", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1326621/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.electric-light", "name": "electric light", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an electric lighting device, assess its illumination and operating condition, and determine compatible, safe uses and interventions.", "definition": "An electric light is a device that converts electrical energy into optical radiation intended to provide illumination, commonly through incandescence, gas discharge or semiconductor electroluminescence.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the kind electric light: a physical device intended to produce visible light using electrical energy, including its light source and any integrated power conversion, optics, enclosure and controls; the boundary between a replaceable source and a complete lighting assembly must be recorded explicitly.", "in_scope": [ "Electrical light generation and source technology", "Source, lamp and integrated luminaire boundaries", "Visible output, distribution, colour and temporal behaviour", "Electrical supply, connection and control compatibility", "Thermal condition, exposure protection and serviceability" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Light as electromagnetic radiation independent of its producing device", "Daylight sources and combustion lighting", "Building wiring and electricity generation or distribution", "Room lighting design and installed lighting networks", "Displays, signalling devices and instruments whose primary function is not illumination", "Commercial product lines and individual asset histories as separate catalogue concepts" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The device uses electrical energy to generate visible light for illumination; a reflector or diffuser alone does not qualify.", "Illumination is an intended function, rather than incidental glow from a heater or an indicator on another device.", "A replaceable source and a complete luminaire are distinguished by whether mounting, protection, optics and power conversion belong inside the recorded boundary.", "An electrically powered device that emits only infrared or ultraviolet radiation falls outside this proposed visible-light scope.", "Technology, connector and control interface describe variants of electric light without turning each product model into a separate kind." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Assembly boundary", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "replaceable source | integrated lighting device | complete luminaire | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which components, measurements and replacement actions belong to the thing." }, { "name": "Light-generation technology", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "incandescent | gas discharge | LED | other documented technology | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Guides interpretation of starting behaviour, power conversion, heat and service needs." }, { "name": "Rated electrical input", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "V, A, Hz and W, with AC/DC designation and permitted ranges", "why_it_matters": "Allows supply compatibility to be assessed without assuming that matching connectors imply matching electrical requirements." }, { "name": "Supply and mounting interfaces", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "documented connection to socket, connector, driver, ballast, battery or mounting assembly", "why_it_matters": "Identifies the components required for installation and operation." }, { "name": "Luminous flux", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "lm, with operating conditions and source or assembly measurement boundary", "why_it_matters": "Records visible output without treating electrical wattage as brightness." }, { "name": "Light distribution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "angular intensity distribution in cd; beam angle in degrees with its definition", "why_it_matters": "Determines where the output goes and whether the device suits the intended illumination task." }, { "name": "Colour properties", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "chromaticity coordinates; correlated colour temperature in K where applicable; colour-rendering metric with method", "why_it_matters": "Supports colour matching and assessment of how illuminated objects will appear." }, { "name": "Temporal light behaviour", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "start and stabilisation time in s; modulation frequency in Hz and modulation metric with method", "why_it_matters": "Captures delays and fluctuations that steady output measurements omit." }, { "name": "Control capability", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "switching | dimming | tunable white | colour control | sensor control, with supported interfaces", "why_it_matters": "Defines which commands are supported and which external controls are compatible." }, { "name": "Operating condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "disconnected | standby | starting | stable emission | dimmed | protective shutdown | failed | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes commanded state, actual emission and faults." }, { "name": "Thermal limits and observations", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "degrees Celsius at named ambient, case or component locations, with documented limits", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of enclosure compatibility, cooling and abnormal heating." }, { "name": "Service configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "replaceable source | replaceable driver or ballast | serviceable integrated assembly | non-serviceable assembly | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether restoration involves a component replacement, specialist repair or whole-device replacement." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the lighting-device boundary and classify its light-generation technology.", "Compare candidate lights by output, distribution and colour under stated operating conditions.", "Check documented supply, socket, driver and control compatibility before connection.", "Switch or adjust illumination through supported controls and verify the resulting emission.", "Assess abnormal output, heating or starting behaviour and determine whether isolation or service is required.", "Select documented replacement components and an appropriate end-of-life handling route." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "source-and-assembly", "name": "Source and assembly", "description": "Establishes what counts as the electric light and how it produces illumination.", "rationale": "A bare source and a complete lighting assembly have different dependencies, performance boundaries and service actions.", "layers": [ { "id": "device-boundary", "name": "Device boundary", "description": "Separates light generation from surrounding installation components.", "findings": [ { "id": "included-lighting-components", "name": "Included lighting components", "description": "Record whether the source, driver or ballast, optics, housing and mounting interface are included or external.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this entry describe a replaceable light source or a complete device that can illuminate once connected to its specified supply?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "included-lighting-components-q01" }, { "text": "Which required lighting components lie outside the device boundary?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "included-lighting-components-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "light-generation", "name": "Light generation", "description": "Identifies the mechanism that converts electrical input into visible output.", "findings": [ { "id": "emitter-technology", "name": "Emitter technology", "description": "Record the documented emission mechanism and any intermediate conversion, such as phosphor conversion.", "questions": [ { "text": "What mechanism produces the visible light?", "kind": "definition", "id": "emitter-technology-q01" }, { "text": "What marking, technical document or inspection supports the technology classification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "emitter-technology-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "illumination-performance", "name": "Illumination performance", "description": "Describes the quantity, direction and colour of emitted light.", "rationale": "Electrical input alone cannot establish whether a light will illuminate a task adequately.", "layers": [ { "id": "output-and-distribution", "name": "Output and distribution", "description": "Records emitted output and its spatial distribution under stated conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-visible-output", "name": "Usable visible output", "description": "Keep source flux, assembly flux and illuminance at a receiving surface distinct.", "questions": [ { "text": "What luminous flux is specified or measured, and does it include losses in the device's optics?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-visible-output-q01" }, { "text": "What intensity distribution or beam specification describes where the light goes?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-visible-output-q02" }, { "text": "If illuminance in lux is reported, what distance, orientation and receiving surface define that result?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "usable-visible-output-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "spectral-and-colour-properties", "name": "Spectral and colour properties", "description": "Characterises emitted colour and its effects on object appearance.", "findings": [ { "id": "colour-suitability", "name": "Colour suitability", "description": "Record colour specifications using applicable metrics, including variation with settings where documented.", "questions": [ { "text": "What chromaticity or spectrum describes the output, and is correlated colour temperature applicable?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "colour-suitability-q01" }, { "text": "What colour-rendering measure and test method support suitability for the intended task?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "colour-suitability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "electrical-and-control-compatibility", "name": "Electrical and control compatibility", "description": "Defines how the light receives power and responds to commands.", "rationale": "A physically fitting source can still be incompatible with its supply, power converter or dimmer.", "layers": [ { "id": "supply-chain", "name": "Supply chain", "description": "Connects electrical requirements to the components that provide them.", "findings": [ { "id": "power-path-compatibility", "name": "Power path compatibility", "description": "Record the rated input and required source-control equipment across the complete power path.", "questions": [ { "text": "What voltage, current, frequency and AC/DC conditions must the light receive?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "power-path-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which socket, driver, ballast or battery specifications must match before connection?", "kind": "action", "id": "power-path-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "commands-and-response", "name": "Commands and response", "description": "Relates supported controls to actual emitted-light behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "controlled-light-behaviour", "name": "Controlled light behaviour", "description": "Record supported settings, starting behaviour and temporal output across the usable control range.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which switching, dimming or colour commands are supported, through which documented interfaces?", "kind": "action", "id": "controlled-light-behaviour-q01" }, { "text": "How do starting time, output stability and temporal modulation change with supply and control settings?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "controlled-light-behaviour-q02" }, { "text": "What happens after power restoration or loss of the control connection?", "kind": "action", "id": "controlled-light-behaviour-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "installation-and-exposure", "name": "Installation and exposure", "description": "Captures the conditions under which the light can operate without unacceptable thermal, electrical or optical exposure.", "rationale": "Suitability depends on mounting, cooling and surroundings as well as the emitter itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "thermal-and-environmental-fit", "name": "Thermal and environmental fit", "description": "Relates installation conditions to documented operating limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-operating-environment", "name": "Permitted operating environment", "description": "Record ambient limits, cooling needs, enclosure restrictions and protection against environmental exposure.", "questions": [ { "text": "What ambient temperature, ventilation, orientation and enclosure conditions are permitted?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "permitted-operating-environment-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes suitability for the expected moisture, dust or outdoor exposure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "permitted-operating-environment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "electrical-and-optical-protection", "name": "Electrical and optical protection", "description": "Identifies protections and limitations relevant to installation, use and servicing.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-protective-provisions", "name": "Verified protective provisions", "description": "Record applicable grounding or insulation arrangements, protective shutdowns, covers and optical exposure restrictions without assuming universal provisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which protective provisions and exposure restrictions are documented for this device and intended use?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verified-protective-provisions-q01" }, { "text": "What isolation, cooling or access conditions are required before touching or replacing its components?", "kind": "action", "id": "verified-protective-provisions-q02" }, { "text": "Which issuing bodies, standards editions and conformity records support the claimed suitability?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verified-protective-provisions-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "degradation-and-service", "name": "Degradation and service", "description": "Tracks loss of lighting performance and the actions available to restore or retire the device.", "rationale": "A light can remain illuminated while its output, colour or stability no longer meets its purpose.", "layers": [ { "id": "performance-deterioration", "name": "Performance deterioration", "description": "Separates complete failure from gradual or intermittent loss of useful illumination.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-against-baseline", "name": "Condition against baseline", "description": "Assess output loss, colour change, unstable emission and starting problems against a documented baseline.", "questions": [ { "text": "What change in flux, colour, starting or stability is observable relative to the baseline?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-against-baseline-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes emitter degradation from dirty optics, supply faults or driver failure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "condition-against-baseline-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "restoration-and-retirement", "name": "Restoration and retirement", "description": "Defines feasible service actions and material handling when useful operation ends.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-service-route", "name": "Supported service route", "description": "Record replaceable components, compatible replacements and technology-specific disposal requirements supported by documentation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which components may be cleaned, replaced or repaired, and what instructions govern that work?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-service-route-q01" }, { "text": "What replacement specifications preserve electrical, optical and thermal compatibility?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-service-route-q02" }, { "text": "What documented materials or components determine collection, recycling or breakage handling?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-service-route-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "With no recorded sense, the physical-object domain supports interpreting electric light as an illumination device; whether the registry includes complete luminaires remains unsettled.", "Standards are recalled without checking editions or applicability to particular products; their legal status depends on jurisdiction.", "Measurement ranges are illustrative household examples, not limits for electric lights generally." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of electric light this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Incandescent filament lamps", "Tungsten-halogen lamps", "Fluorescent lamps", "High-intensity discharge lamps", "LED lamps", "Organic LED lighting panels" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of electric light this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Lamp cap and holder designations", "value_or_pattern": "E27, E26, B22d, GU10", "note": "Identify connection types, not a unique light source; matching a cap does not establish electrical compatibility." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of electric light this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "IEC 60061, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: lamp caps, holders and gauges for interchangeability and safety.", "IEC 60598 series, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: luminaire requirements and tests.", "IEC 62560, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: safety specifications for self-ballasted LED lamps for general lighting services at voltages above 50 V.", "IEC 62471, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of electric light this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Interior ambient and task illumination", "Street and exterior area lighting", "Vehicle and transport lighting", "Emergency and escape-route illumination", "Stage, photographic and architectural lighting" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of electric light this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Electrical input power of household LED replacement lamps", "typical_range": "Approximately 3-20", "unit": "W" }, { "quantity": "Luminous flux of household LED replacement lamps", "typical_range": "Approximately 250-2500", "unit": "lm" }, { "quantity": "Correlated colour temperature of common white household lamps", "typical_range": "Approximately 2700-6500", "unit": "K" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of electric light this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Filament rupture, electrode wear or electronic driver failure can cause loss of light.", "LED and optical-material degradation can reduce output or change colour.", "Poor heat dissipation or unsuitable installation can cause overheating, burns or fire.", "Damaged insulation or exposed live contacts can cause electric shock.", "Broken fluorescent and some discharge lamps can release mercury and create sharp-glass hazards." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of electric light this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Common household supplies include approximately 120 V at 60 Hz and 230 V at 50 Hz; lamps and control gear must suit the supply.", "E26 screw bases are common in North America; E27 bases are common in continental Europe, while B22d bayonet bases are common in some other markets." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of electric light this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Light", "difference": "Light is optical radiation; an electric light is a physical device that produces it." }, { "name": "Luminaire", "difference": "A luminaire is the complete lighting apparatus, including provisions for mounting, protection and light distribution; the source may be replaceable or integrated." }, { "name": "LED", "difference": "An LED is a semiconductor light-emitting component; an electric light may combine LEDs with power electronics, optics and thermal management." }, { "name": "Electric lighting", "difference": "Electric lighting is the provision or system of illumination, rather than an individual device or device kind." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of electric light this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend electric light to mean a light source, a complete illumination device, or both, and does an existing world model already own that concept?", "Should decorative, signalling and specialist illumination devices remain within this entry or be linked to neighbouring models?", "Which technology families and integrated or replaceable configurations need distinct conditional requirements?", "Which current standards, issuing bodies and conformity evidence apply to the intended jurisdictions and use environments?", "Which researched test methods and thresholds should define acceptable output, temporal modulation, colour change and end of useful life?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 33 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a electric light, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise an electric lighting device, assess its illumination and operating condition, and determine compatible, safe uses and interventions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: dental curing light, light-emitting component, Christmas lights, Tokyo Millenario, Christmas string lights, light bulb, solid-state lighting, emergency light, grow light, infrared lamp, smart light, arc lamp.", "17 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a electric light, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "dental curing light", "light-emitting component", "Christmas lights", "Tokyo Millenario", "Christmas string lights", "light bulb", "solid-state lighting", "emergency light", "grow light", "infrared lamp", "smart light", "arc lamp" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 17 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one electric light from another, and a electric light from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a electric light sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a electric light from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a electric light is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a electric light is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a electric light is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a electric light is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a electric light is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a electric light is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a electric light passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a electric light between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a electric light, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a electric light is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What electric light is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does electric light perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise electric light, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How electric light is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does electric light have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does electric light need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about electric light is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about electric light hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern electric light, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a electric light came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a electric light and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a electric light is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a electric light, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a electric light, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a electric light is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }