{ "model": { "rank": 1866, "code": "thing-q132821", "model_id": "vr.tr.murder", "name": "murder", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the legal definition of murder and its categories, describe investigation, prosecution and sentencing in general terms, present criminological research and prevention with attribution, and route people at risk to help immediately.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q132821/", "tier": 2, "score": 124, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "unsolved murder", "obstruction of free exercise of religious beliefs resulting in death", "kidnapping or abducting in order to murder", "proxy murder", "freakish murder", "multiple murder", "beaten to death", "Samuel Eberth de Melo case", "murder by stabbing", "murder in Islam", "crime against humanity of murder", "war crime of murder", "murder through use of a firearm", "Sudden Russian Death Syndrome", "murder of Fernando Vilaça", "rape-murder", "ritual murder", "Colombian necktie", "domestic tyrant murder", "serial murder", "targeted killing", "murder with robbery", "Murder in Swiss law", "liquidation", "assassination of Vietnamese-American journalists in the United States", "lust murder", "extrajudicial punishment", "murder for body parts", "murder in United States law", "deliberate murder", "axe murder", "voluntary manslaughter", "death by terrorism", "double murder", "snuff film", "Murder", "mass murder", "thrill killing", "fragging", "executions in Laski near Warsaw" ], "aliasCount": 61, "merged": 61, "knownIn": 124, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q132821", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132821", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T01:35:44Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q132821", "registryId": "vr.tr.murder", "name": "murder", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q132821/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.murder", "name": "murder", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the legal definition of murder and its categories, describe investigation, prosecution and sentencing in general terms, present criminological research and prevention with attribution, and route people at risk to help immediately.", "definition": "The unlawful killing of a person with intent or other culpable mental state defined by criminal law, distinguished from manslaughter and lawful killing, with legal categories such as multiple murder, murder committed in the course of kidnapping, killings motivated by religious hatred, proxy murder and unsolved cases; murder is a crime against life prosecuted in courts, investigated by police, studied in criminology, and addressed by victim support and prevention, and this entry is non-graphic and provides no information that could assist harm.", "what_it_is_for": "Unlawful intentional killing.", "affordances": [ "explain legal definitions", "describe investigation and prosecution generally", "present research and prevention", "route to help" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Culpable mental state", "Gravest crime against life", "Categories and degrees", "Victim-centred response" ], "appearance": "Not described.", "visual_identification": [ "Unlawful killing with culpable intent", "Defined by criminal law", "Manslaughter lacks the required intent; lawful killing is justified" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "degrees and categories of murder by jurisdiction", "multiple and serial murder", "murder in the course of other crimes", "hate-motivated killings", "unsolved murders" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "homicide", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "violent crime", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "crime against life", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "judiciary", "why": "courts trying murder" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "National criminal codes and case law", "Police investigation standards", "Victim rights and support standards" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Providing information that could assist harm, which must be refused", "Graphic or sensational content", "Agents giving legal advice in a specific case" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Help and safety.", "rationale": "Care.", "layers": [ { "id": "risk", "name": "Risk", "description": "People at risk.", "findings": [ { "id": "risk-finding", "name": "Risk", "description": "Risk.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which emergency services and support lines can someone contact if they or another person are in danger?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is someone at immediate risk, or is the request seeking to cause harm, requiring emergency routing or refusal?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "victims", "name": "Victims", "description": "Support for bereaved.", "findings": [ { "id": "victims-finding", "name": "Victims", "description": "Support.", "questions": [ { "text": "What support exists for families bereaved by homicide?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits victim support?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Legal definitions and justice.", "rationale": "Law.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definitions and categories.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definitions.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is murder defined and graded in this jurisdiction, and how does it differ from manslaughter and lawful killing?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about a specific case, which needs legal advice from a professional?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "process", "name": "Process", "description": "Investigation to sentencing.", "findings": [ { "id": "process-finding", "name": "Process", "description": "Process.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are murders investigated, prosecuted and sentenced in general terms, and what rights do victims families have?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits criminal procedure?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "Research and prevention.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "research", "name": "Research", "description": "Criminology.", "findings": [ { "id": "research-finding", "name": "Research", "description": "Criminology.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do criminologists and official statistics report about homicide rates, patterns and risk factors?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which findings are contested?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "prevention", "name": "Prevention", "description": "Prevention.", "findings": [ { "id": "prevention-finding", "name": "Prevention", "description": "Prevention.", "questions": [ { "text": "What prevention approaches are supported by evidence, according to public health and criminal justice research?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits violence prevention?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "History and culture.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History of the law.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have laws on murder developed, including degrees and the death penalty debate, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Murder in media.", "findings": [ { "id": "culture-finding", "name": "Culture", "description": "Media.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is murder represented in news and fiction, and what do researchers say about effects and ethics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each legal category be a separate entry?", "How should criminal codes be linked?", "How should victim support be linked by country?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a murder, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the legal definition of murder and its categories, describe investigation, prosecution and sentencing in general terms, present criminological research and prevention with attribution, and route people at risk to help immediately.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: unsolved murder, obstruction of free exercise of religious beliefs resulting in death, kidnapping or abducting in order to murder, proxy murder, freakish murder, multiple murder, beaten to death, Samuel Eberth de Melo case, murder by stabbing, murder in Islam, crime against humanity of murder, war crime of murder.", "61 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 124 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a murder, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "unsolved murder", "obstruction of free exercise of religious beliefs resulting in death", "kidnapping or abducting in order to murder", "proxy murder", "freakish murder", "multiple murder", "beaten to death", "Samuel Eberth de Melo case", "murder by stabbing", "murder in Islam", "crime against humanity of murder", "war crime of murder" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 124 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 61 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one murder from another, and a murder from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a murder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a murder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a murder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a murder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a murder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a murder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a murder sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a murder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a murder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a murder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a murder from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a murder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a murder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a murder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a murder passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a murder between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a murder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a murder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a murder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a murder, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a murder is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a murder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a murder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a murder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a murder proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a murder, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a murder and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a murder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a murder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a murder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a murder consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a murder takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a murder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a murder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a murder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What murder is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of murder are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is murder operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of murder and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of murder?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as murder?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a murder came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a murder and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a murder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a murder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a murder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a murder is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a murder, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a murder, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a murder is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }