{ "model": { "rank": 3779, "code": "thing-q133220", "model_id": "vr.tr.sonar", "name": "sonar", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise sonar activity, assess whether its acoustic observations support a task, and decide how it may be operated or its results used.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q133220/", "tier": 2, "score": 82, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "probing machine", "dipping sonar", "active sonar", "passive sonar", "echo sounder", "towed array sonar", "DUBV 23", "multibeam echosounder", "sonobuoy", "DUBV 43", "TB-16" ], "aliasCount": 11, "merged": 11, "knownIn": 82, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.sonar", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q133220", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T15:08:10Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 27.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c68-561a-7311-888e-6b025624bffa\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: sonar\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 801 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registered", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 83.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c68-568f-7712-bef4-b83d30960bb8\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: sonar\nRegistry id: vr.tr.sonar\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q133220", "registryId": "vr.tr.sonar", "name": "sonar", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q133220/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.sonar", "name": "sonar", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise sonar activity, assess whether its acoustic observations support a task, and decide how it may be operated or its results used.", "definition": "Sonar is a technique, and the equipment implementing it, for detecting, locating or characterising underwater objects and environments by receiving sound, either emitted by a target or reflected from deliberately transmitted acoustic signals.", "scope_statement": "This model owns sonar as the practice and capability of using underwater sound to detect, locate, characterise or map objects and environments, including the configuration and evidence needed to judge a particular operation; the ACT placement is treated as an activity emphasis pending registry clarification.", "in_scope": [ "Active echo sensing, passive listening and configurations that combine them", "Acoustic acquisition geometry, transmission settings and receiving arrangements", "Water-column and boundary conditions affecting sound propagation", "Detection, localisation, tracking, classification and seabed-mapping evidence", "Operational readiness, acoustic interference and constraints on sound transmission" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Detailed manufacture and repair of transducers, electronics and carrier platforms", "Radar, lidar and optical underwater imaging", "Underwater acoustic communication when the purpose is message transfer rather than sensing", "Medical ultrasound and industrial ultrasonic inspection", "Weapon engagement decisions and broader navigation or survey mission management", "Marine ecosystem assessment beyond the evidence needed to constrain sonar operation" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The sensing evidence comes from underwater acoustic signals rather than electromagnetic returns or optical images.", "An active operation relates received echoes to a known transmission; a passive operation interprets sound without requiring its own sensing transmission.", "A hydrophone or acoustic recording alone is insufficient to establish a sonar operation: the record must identify a detection, localisation, characterisation or mapping purpose.", "Acoustic arrival direction, travel time or signal structure is interpreted through a propagation and geometry model, rather than treated as a direct observation of an object's identity.", "Active sonar may support ranging from echo delay, while a passive detection must state what additional geometry or assumptions support any claimed range." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Sensing mode", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "active; passive; combined", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether transmission settings, echo timing and emitted-sound constraints apply." }, { "name": "Sensing task", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "detection; localisation; tracking; classification; bathymetry; acoustic imaging", "why_it_matters": "Defines what constitutes useful evidence and an acceptable result." }, { "name": "Acoustic frequency coverage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Hz, with transmitted and received bands recorded separately", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess propagation, resolution and compatibility with the intended acoustic signatures." }, { "name": "Transmission pattern", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "not applicable for passive-only operation; otherwise waveform, pulse duration, repetition interval and duty cycle", "why_it_matters": "Affects echo interpretation, interference and the pattern of acoustic exposure." }, { "name": "Source level", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "dB with explicit reference pressure, reference distance and level convention; not applicable for passive-only operation", "why_it_matters": "Supports performance and exposure assessment only when the measurement convention is known." }, { "name": "Source-receiver-target geometry", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "positions, depths, orientations and timing relationships, including monostatic, bistatic or multistatic arrangement where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Controls which localisation calculations and ambiguities apply." }, { "name": "Sound-speed profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m/s versus depth in m, with location, timestamp and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports travel-time conversion and interpretation of refracted acoustic paths." }, { "name": "Observation uncertainty", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "range uncertainty in m; bearing uncertainty in degrees; depth uncertainty in m; confidence measures with their definitions", "why_it_matters": "Prevents detections and estimates from being treated as exact positions or verified identities." }, { "name": "Acquisition readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "ready; degraded; unavailable; unverified, with calibration and fault evidence", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether acquisition can proceed and how existing observations should be qualified." }, { "name": "Transmission permission", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "permitted; conditional; prohibited; unknown for the specified place, time and configuration", "why_it_matters": "Separates technical ability to transmit from permission to operate." } ], "affordances": [ "Select an active or passive acquisition configuration suited to the sensing task and operating constraints.", "Estimate whether propagation, noise and geometry permit a useful observation.", "Acquire and associate acoustic observations with their timing, position and configuration.", "Derive qualified detections, locations, tracks, classifications or maps from acoustic evidence.", "Request another look, a geometry change or independent evidence when ambiguity prevents a decision.", "Adjust, pause or stop operation when interference, equipment degradation or transmission constraints require it." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "sonar-task-and-mode", "name": "Sonar task and mode", "description": "Establishes which sonar activity is occurring and what its outputs must support.", "rationale": "Passive contact detection, active ranging and seabed mapping require different evidence and success criteria.", "layers": [ { "id": "acoustic-sensing-boundary", "name": "Acoustic sensing boundary", "description": "Identifies the intended sonar sense and separates sensing from neighbouring acoustic activities.", "findings": [ { "id": "sonar-activity-identity", "name": "Sonar activity identity", "description": "Record the underwater acoustic sensing purpose and whether the referent is an operation, capability or equipment system.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this instance denote a sonar operation, a sensing capability or the equipment that provides it?", "kind": "definition", "id": "sonar-activity-identity-q01" }, { "text": "What makes this activity sonar sensing rather than acoustic communication or sound recording without a sensing objective?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "sonar-activity-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mode-and-success-criteria", "name": "Mode and success criteria", "description": "Connects active or passive operation to the required result.", "findings": [ { "id": "task-specific-evidence", "name": "Task-specific evidence", "description": "Record the sensing mode, intended output and acceptance criteria before interpreting acquisition results.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the task require detection, location, a maintained track, classification, bathymetry or an acoustic image?", "kind": "definition", "id": "task-specific-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What coverage, uncertainty and false-alarm tolerance make the output usable for this task?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "task-specific-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "acoustic-acquisition", "name": "Acoustic acquisition", "description": "Captures the transmission, reception and geometry that produced an observation.", "rationale": "Sonar returns cannot be interpreted reliably without knowing how sound was emitted or received and where the participating sensors were.", "layers": [ { "id": "transmission-and-reception", "name": "Transmission and reception", "description": "Records the acoustic settings and receiver response relevant to a measurement.", "findings": [ { "id": "signal-configuration", "name": "Signal configuration", "description": "Record frequency coverage, waveform where applicable, receiver settings and calibration evidence sufficient to interpret recorded signals.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which transmitted waveform and listening band were used, or which listening band applies to passive-only acquisition?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "signal-configuration-q01" }, { "text": "What calibration evidence establishes the receiver response and, where relevant, transmitted level?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "signal-configuration-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "array-geometry-and-timing", "name": "Array geometry and timing", "description": "Connects acoustic samples to sensor locations, orientations and clocks.", "findings": [ { "id": "geometric-observability", "name": "Geometric observability", "description": "Record source and receiver geometry, motion and synchronisation so supported position estimates can be separated from unresolved dimensions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What source and receiver positions, array orientations and clock uncertainties apply during acquisition?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "geometric-observability-q01" }, { "text": "Which range, bearing or depth components can this geometry resolve, and which remain ambiguous?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "geometric-observability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "underwater-propagation", "name": "Underwater propagation", "description": "Represents the acoustic environment between source, target and receiver.", "rationale": "Water-column structure, boundaries and competing sound can alter visibility and apparent location without a change in the target.", "layers": [ { "id": "water-column-and-boundaries", "name": "Water column and boundaries", "description": "Records environmental evidence used to interpret acoustic paths.", "findings": [ { "id": "propagation-assumptions", "name": "Propagation assumptions", "description": "Identify the sound-speed information, bathymetry and boundary assumptions used in travel-time and coverage interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which measured or assumed sound-speed profile and surface or seabed conditions support the propagation model?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "propagation-assumptions-q01" }, { "text": "How could refraction, multipath or shadowing change the inferred location or expected coverage?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "propagation-assumptions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "noise-and-reverberation", "name": "Noise and reverberation", "description": "Separates candidate target signals from acoustic background and distributed echoes.", "findings": [ { "id": "acoustic-masking", "name": "Acoustic masking", "description": "Record ambient noise, platform self-noise, other transmissions and reverberation that may conceal or imitate a contact.", "questions": [ { "text": "What noise, interference or reverberation limits detection in the selected frequency band and observation interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "acoustic-masking-q01" }, { "text": "Would changing timing, frequency, platform motion or listening geometry improve the observation?", "kind": "action", "id": "acoustic-masking-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sonar-inference-and-evidence", "name": "Sonar inference and evidence", "description": "Connects acoustic measurements to qualified claims about contacts or the seabed.", "rationale": "A detected signal, a located reflector and an identified object are different evidential achievements.", "layers": [ { "id": "detection-and-localisation", "name": "Detection and localisation", "description": "Records how a candidate signal becomes a detection and position estimate.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-contact-estimate", "name": "Qualified contact estimate", "description": "Preserve the detection rule, arrival measurements, localisation method and uncertainty alongside each contact estimate.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which signal measurements and detection rule support this contact rather than noise or a propagation artefact?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-contact-estimate-q01" }, { "text": "For active sonar, which acoustic path converts delay into range; for passive sonar, what evidence supports any range estimate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "qualified-contact-estimate-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "tracks-classifications-and-maps", "name": "Tracks, classifications and maps", "description": "Controls the additional inference needed to combine observations or assign meaning.", "findings": [ { "id": "derived-product-support", "name": "Derived product support", "description": "Record association assumptions, classification evidence or survey corrections appropriate to the derived product.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports associating detections into one track, assigning a target class or accepting a seabed feature?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "derived-product-support-q01" }, { "text": "Which alternative interpretations remain, and what additional observation would distinguish them?", "kind": "action", "id": "derived-product-support-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sonar-operating-decisions", "name": "Sonar operating decisions", "description": "Determines whether a sonar configuration is ready and appropriate to operate.", "rationale": "Useful sonar activity depends on functioning acquisition hardware, valid operating evidence and conditions governing underwater sound transmission.", "layers": [ { "id": "readiness-and-degradation", "name": "Readiness and degradation", "description": "Relates sonar faults and installation conditions to sensing capability.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-acoustic-aperture", "name": "Usable acoustic aperture", "description": "Record failed channels, array-shape uncertainty, acoustic obstruction and installation effects that qualify readiness.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which checks establish that the transducers, receive channels, timing and array geometry are usable?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "usable-acoustic-aperture-q01" }, { "text": "Does the observed degradation require a restricted task, recalibration, redeployment or suspension?", "kind": "action", "id": "usable-acoustic-aperture-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transmission-constraints", "name": "Transmission constraints", "description": "Captures the conditions under which active sound emission may proceed.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-emission-envelope", "name": "Permitted emission envelope", "description": "Record applicable authorisations and operational constraints, including exposure-sensitive circumstances and interference with other acoustic users.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authorisation or operating procedure establishes allowed locations, times, frequencies and emission settings?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "permitted-emission-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "What observed condition requires reducing output, delaying transmission or stopping active operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-emission-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The intended sense is underwater acoustic sensing and its equipment; no recorded sense establishes whether the registry means the technique or the device.", "The listed kinds overlap: active/passive distinguishes transmission behaviour, while the other terms distinguish geometry or processing.", "Frequency and sound-speed ranges are approximate recall values; verify application-specific performance and the applicable edition of IHO S-44 before operational use." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of sonar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Active sonar", "Passive sonar", "Side-scan sonar", "Multibeam sonar", "Synthetic-aperture sonar", "Imaging sonar" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of sonar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-44, Standards for Hydrographic Surveys, specifies survey requirements relevant to sonar-based bathymetry." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of sonar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Measuring water depth and mapping seabed topography.", "Locating wrecks, submerged infrastructure and other underwater objects.", "Detecting and tracking submarines or other vessels.", "Finding fish and estimating their distribution.", "Supporting underwater vehicle navigation and obstacle avoidance." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of sonar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Operating acoustic frequency", "typical_range": "From below 1 kHz to above 1 MHz across different systems; lower frequencies generally support longer ranges and higher frequencies finer resolution.", "unit": "Hz" }, { "quantity": "Sound speed in seawater used for ranging", "typical_range": "Approximately 1450-1550 in many ocean conditions; varies with temperature, salinity and pressure.", "unit": "m/s" }, { "quantity": "Active-sonar slant range", "typical_range": "Calculated approximately as sound speed multiplied by round-trip echo delay, divided by two; achievable range depends on the system and environment.", "unit": "m" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of sonar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Refraction caused by sound-speed gradients creates shadow zones and biases positions when propagation is inadequately modelled.", "Reverberation, multipath and unwanted echoes obscure targets or produce false detections.", "Ambient noise, vessel self-noise and acoustic interference reduce detection performance.", "Motion, timing, alignment or sound-speed calibration errors distort sonar imagery and bathymetry.", "High-intensity transmissions can disturb or injure marine animals and pose an exposure hazard to nearby divers." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of sonar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Local temperature, salinity, depth and ice conditions change propagation and influence sonar configuration and performance." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of sonar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Radar", "difference": "Radar uses electromagnetic waves; sonar uses acoustic waves." }, { "name": "Echo sounder", "difference": "An echo sounder is a specialised active sonar that measures distance, commonly water depth, from returning echoes." }, { "name": "Hydrophone", "difference": "A hydrophone is an underwater acoustic receiver; a sonar system combines reception with processing and, for active sonar, transmission." }, { "name": "Underwater acoustic communication", "difference": "Its primary purpose is transmitting information between endpoints; sonar primarily infers properties or locations of targets and surroundings." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of sonar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend sonar as an activity, a technology or an equipment class, and what explains its ACT / ACT.ACT placement?", "Does an existing world model already own sonar or underwater acoustic sensing, requiring this entry to link to it?", "Which sonar families need explicit specialisation within this entry, particularly passive arrays, side-scan, multibeam and synthetic-aperture sonar?", "Which authoritative conventions should govern acoustic level reporting, calibration, detection confidence and uncertainty for the intended applications?", "Which jurisdictions, environments and operating organisations determine the transmission constraints this model must be able to record?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a sonar, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise sonar activity, assess whether its acoustic observations support a task, and decide how it may be operated or its results used.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: probing machine, dipping sonar, active sonar, passive sonar, echo sounder, towed array sonar, DUBV 23, multibeam echosounder, sonobuoy, DUBV 43, TB-16.", "11 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a sonar, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "probing machine", "dipping sonar", "active sonar", "passive sonar", "echo sounder", "towed array sonar", "DUBV 23", "multibeam echosounder", "sonobuoy", "DUBV 43", "TB-16" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 11 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one sonar from another, and a sonar from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a sonar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a sonar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a sonar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a sonar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a sonar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a sonar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a sonar sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a sonar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a sonar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a sonar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a sonar from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a sonar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a sonar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a sonar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a sonar passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a sonar between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a sonar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a sonar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a sonar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a sonar, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a sonar is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a sonar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a sonar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a sonar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a sonar proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a sonar, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a sonar and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a sonar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a sonar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a sonar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a sonar consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a sonar takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a sonar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a sonar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a sonar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What sonar is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of sonar are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is sonar operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of sonar and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of sonar?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as sonar?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a sonar came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a sonar and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a sonar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a sonar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a sonar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a sonar is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a sonar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a sonar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a sonar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }