{ "model": { "rank": 4633, "code": "thing-q133948", "model_id": "vr.tr.antioxidant", "name": "antioxidant", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify an antioxidant material, assess its oxidation-inhibiting function under specified conditions, and judge its suitability for a proposed use.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q133948/", "tier": 2, "score": 73, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "free radical scavengers", "Thioredoxin reductase (NADPH)", "superoxide dismutase", "antioxidant synergist", "antibrowning agent", "polyphenol antioxidant", "TryX and NRX, thioredoxin domain, protein family", "Thioredoxin/glutathione reductase selenoprotein", "Thioredoxin reductase", "Extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]", "Superoxide dismutase, Nickel-type", "Manganese/iron superoxide dismutase", "manganese superoxide dismutase", "Manganese/iron superoxide dismutase, N-terminal domain, protein family", "Manganese/iron superoxide dismutase, C-terminal domain, protein family" ], "aliasCount": 15, "merged": 15, "knownIn": 73, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q133948", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:40:11Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 29, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087e5-521b-7ed3-9961-340709d6886b\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: antioxidant\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 reg", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 64.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087e5-520c-7860-a827-76d02f101a07\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: antioxidant\nRegistry id: vr.tr.antioxidant\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q133948", "registryId": "vr.tr.antioxidant", "name": "antioxidant", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q133948/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.antioxidant", "name": "antioxidant", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify an antioxidant material, assess its oxidation-inhibiting function under specified conditions, and judge its suitability for a proposed use.", "definition": "An antioxidant is a substance that, under specified conditions, inhibits or delays oxidation of a substrate by interfering with the reactions that initiate or propagate oxidation.", "scope_statement": "This model owns vr.tr.antioxidant in PHY / PHY.MAT as a functional class of substances or material preparations that inhibit oxidation in a specified system, rather than as one chemical species or a universal health benefit.", "in_scope": [ "Chemical or material identity, composition, purity and grade of an antioxidant candidate", "Oxidation target, proposed mechanism and conditions under which antioxidant function is demonstrated", "Concentration, delivery, partitioning and compatibility in the target system", "Measured antioxidant performance, depletion and loss or reversal of protective activity", "Material-specific hazards and constraints on a proposed application" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete formulations and specifications of products containing antioxidants", "Manufacturing processes and production equipment", "Whole-organism antioxidant defence networks", "Diagnosis or treatment of disease and general nutritional advice", "Generic oxidation chemistry beyond what establishes this material's function" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require evidence of reduced oxidation of a named target against an appropriate control; a reducing-agent label alone does not establish antioxidant performance.", "Distinguish inhibition of oxidation from removal of colour, odour or other oxidation symptoms after damage has occurred.", "Distinguish antioxidant preservation from antimicrobial preservation by identifying the deterioration process actually inhibited.", "Separate the active antioxidant material from the carrier or finished product that contains it.", "Treat antioxidant status as conditional on system, concentration and exposure conditions rather than as an unconditional property of a substance." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Material identity and composition", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Chemical name and identifiers where applicable; mixture composition; active constituents; purity and grade", "why_it_matters": "The functional class has no single chemical identifier or uniform material specification." }, { "name": "Protected oxidation target", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named substrate, susceptible constituent and host matrix", "why_it_matters": "Antioxidant function must refer to something whose oxidation is inhibited." }, { "name": "Supported inhibition mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Radical interception; peroxide decomposition; metal-mediated oxidation suppression; other supported mechanism; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Mechanism informs which oxidation pathways the material can plausibly inhibit." }, { "name": "Active concentration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mol/L, mg/kg or mass fraction, with active-component and matrix basis specified", "why_it_matters": "Performance and compatibility depend on dose and how it is expressed." }, { "name": "Phase availability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Dissolved, dispersed, interfacial, precipitated or otherwise unavailable in named phases", "why_it_matters": "The material must reach the location where relevant oxidation occurs." }, { "name": "Evaluation conditions", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Temperature, pH where applicable, oxygen exposure, illumination, matrix and catalytic contaminants", "why_it_matters": "Results cannot be interpreted or transferred without their operating conditions." }, { "name": "Oxidation inhibition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Change in a named oxidation endpoint versus control, with method, units, time and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Provides direct evidence of protective function in the evaluated system." }, { "name": "Assay-reported antioxidant activity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Method-specific result and units, reference standard and sample preparation", "why_it_matters": "Keeps screening measurements interpretable without treating different assays as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Remaining protective capacity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Measured residual activity or active content; depleted; degraded; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Initial addition does not establish continuing protection." }, { "name": "Application eligibility", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Material and grade linked to intended use, jurisdiction, applicable restrictions and evidence date", "why_it_matters": "Suitability and permitted use must be checked for the particular application." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify an antioxidant candidate and distinguish its active constituents from its carrier.", "Select an oxidation endpoint and controlled evaluation appropriate to the proposed target.", "Compare candidates only after reconciling matrix, dose, exposure conditions and measurement method.", "Assess delivery to the relevant phase and compatibility with the target formulation.", "Determine whether protection remains adequate or requires reassessment after storage or exposure.", "Check whether a proposed material, grade and concentration satisfy application-specific constraints." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "antioxidant-identity", "name": "Antioxidant identity", "description": "Establishes what material is being evaluated and what antioxidant role is claimed.", "rationale": "Antioxidant denotes a function shared by different materials, so neither a class label nor a product name establishes chemical identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "active-material", "name": "Active material", "description": "Separates chemically identified constituents from mixtures, carriers and trade descriptions.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-and-active-fraction", "name": "Identity and active fraction", "description": "Record the identity, active-component basis, grade and composition needed to interpret an antioxidant claim.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the candidate a defined substance, an enzyme preparation, an extract or another mixture, and which constituents are assigned antioxidant activity?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-and-active-fraction-q01" }, { "text": "Which analytical record or supplier specification establishes identifiers, active content, purity and grade for this material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-and-active-fraction-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "functional-class-boundary", "name": "Functional class boundary", "description": "Defines the claimed oxidation-inhibiting role without absorbing the host product or broader biological system.", "findings": [ { "id": "claimed-protective-role", "name": "Claimed protective role", "description": "Connect the antioxidant designation to a named oxidation target and distinguish neighbouring functions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which target is claimed to be protected from oxidation, and in what host system?", "kind": "definition", "id": "claimed-protective-role-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence establish antioxidant function, or only reducing activity, antimicrobial preservation or another adjacent function?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "claimed-protective-role-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "oxidation-pathway-and-mechanism", "name": "Oxidation pathway and mechanism", "description": "Links the material's proposed action to the oxidation process it must interrupt.", "rationale": "An agent needs to distinguish a plausible protective mechanism from activity that does not address the relevant deterioration pathway.", "layers": [ { "id": "target-oxidation-process", "name": "Target oxidation process", "description": "Identifies susceptible constituents, oxidation drivers and consequential damage.", "findings": [ { "id": "oxidation-target-and-drivers", "name": "Oxidation target and drivers", "description": "Record what oxidizes, what initiates or accelerates it and which change constitutes unacceptable oxidation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which constituent or material property undergoes the oxidation that protection is intended to prevent?", "kind": "definition", "id": "oxidation-target-and-drivers-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence identifies the roles of oxygen, light, temperature, peroxides or catalytic metals in this system?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "oxidation-target-and-drivers-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "inhibition-mechanism", "name": "Inhibition mechanism", "description": "Separates demonstrated mechanisms from proposed explanations and captures conditions that may reverse protection.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanism-and-reversal", "name": "Mechanism and reversal", "description": "Record the supported route of oxidation inhibition and any observed acceleration of oxidation under changed conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which mechanism is supported by experiments in this system, and which parts remain hypotheses?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mechanism-and-reversal-q01" }, { "text": "Under which tested concentrations, metal conditions or exposures does the material lose protection or increase oxidation relative to control?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mechanism-and-reversal-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "antioxidant-performance-evidence", "name": "Antioxidant performance evidence", "description": "Organizes measurements that establish the magnitude and limits of antioxidant activity.", "rationale": "Assay activity, protection in a formulation and biological outcomes answer different questions and require explicit evidence boundaries.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-interpretation", "name": "Assay interpretation", "description": "Makes screening results traceable to the reaction, protocol and reporting basis used.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-specific-activity", "name": "Method-specific activity", "description": "Record assay results with controls and limitations that determine what the result actually supports.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which assay, reaction medium, timing, reference standard and units produced the reported antioxidant activity?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "method-specific-activity-q01" }, { "text": "How were sample colour, turbidity, solvent effects and other potential signal interferences controlled?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "method-specific-activity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "target-system-validation", "name": "Target-system validation", "description": "Evaluates whether activity translates into protection of the intended substrate.", "findings": [ { "id": "demonstrated-oxidation-protection", "name": "Demonstrated oxidation protection", "description": "Tie a protection claim to a target-system endpoint, controlled comparison and bounded inference.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much does the candidate change oxidation rate, induction time or accumulated oxidation products versus a matched control at the proposed dose?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "demonstrated-oxidation-protection-q01" }, { "text": "Which conclusions are supported in the tested matrix, and which proposed transfers to other matrices or biological outcomes remain untested?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "demonstrated-oxidation-protection-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "delivery-and-protective-lifetime", "name": "Delivery and protective lifetime", "description": "Captures whether the antioxidant reaches its target and remains effective over the required period.", "rationale": "Measured activity alone does not establish usable protection when phase distribution, processing or depletion limits access and lifetime.", "layers": [ { "id": "dose-and-phase-access", "name": "Dose and phase access", "description": "Connects added quantity to active material available at the oxidation site.", "findings": [ { "id": "effective-antioxidant-availability", "name": "Effective antioxidant availability", "description": "Record dose basis, phase distribution and interactions that determine practical access to the protected target.", "questions": [ { "text": "What active concentration reaches the relevant phase or interface, and how is it established from the amount added?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "effective-antioxidant-availability-q01" }, { "text": "What incorporation conditions are needed to avoid precipitation, inactivation or separation from the oxidation target?", "kind": "action", "id": "effective-antioxidant-availability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "depletion-and-retention", "name": "Depletion and retention", "description": "Tracks persistence of antioxidant function through processing, storage and use.", "findings": [ { "id": "remaining-protection", "name": "Remaining protection", "description": "Relate residual activity or active content to a defined minimum level of protection.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do processing and storage conditions change active content and measured protection over time?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "remaining-protection-q01" }, { "text": "What measured threshold triggers retesting, replacement or another application-appropriate intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "remaining-protection-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-suitability", "name": "Application suitability", "description": "Determines whether a particular antioxidant material can be used in a particular system.", "rationale": "Antioxidant efficacy does not by itself establish acceptable material effects, exposure safety or permission for use.", "layers": [ { "id": "compatibility-and-material-hazards", "name": "Compatibility and material hazards", "description": "Examines unwanted effects of the active material, impurities and products formed during use.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-adverse-effects", "name": "Use-specific adverse effects", "description": "Record effects that could make otherwise effective oxidation inhibition unsuitable.", "questions": [ { "text": "At the effective dose, what changes occur in the host's required properties, such as colour, flavour, mechanical performance or biological compatibility?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "use-specific-adverse-effects-q01" }, { "text": "Which material-specific hazard and degradation-product evidence applies to the expected exposure route and use conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "use-specific-adverse-effects-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "permitted-use-and-claim-limits", "name": "Permitted use and claim limits", "description": "Links use decisions to applicable material specifications, restrictions and supported claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "application-eligibility-and-supported-claims", "name": "Application eligibility and supported claims", "description": "Establish whether the proposed grade, dose and stated benefit meet the requirements of the intended application.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative requirements apply to this material, grade, concentration, product category and jurisdiction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "application-eligibility-and-supported-claims-q01" }, { "text": "What use or claim can be justified by the available evidence, and what additional evidence is required before proceeding?", "kind": "action", "id": "application-eligibility-and-supported-claims-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes a functional chemical class, not one compound; no universal formula, purity, phase, melting point, boiling point or hazard classification applies.", "Classification by mechanism overlaps, and antioxidant behavior must be established for specified reaction conditions.", "Regulatory references are recalled rather than checked; current permissions, limits and standard editions require verification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of antioxidant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Chain-breaking radical scavengers", "Preventive antioxidants that suppress oxidation initiation", "Metal-chelating antioxidants", "Peroxide-decomposing antioxidants", "Antioxidant enzymes" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of antioxidant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "Two to seven digits, a hyphen, two digits, a hyphen, one check digit", "note": "Identifies individual substances; antioxidant is a functional class with no single CAS number." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "Positive integer", "note": "Identifies a compound record, not antioxidant function or effectiveness." }, { "scheme": "International Numbering System for Food Additives (INS)", "value_or_pattern": "Numerical additive identifier, sometimes with a letter suffix", "note": "Codex Alimentarius identifiers apply to particular food additives, including some used as antioxidants." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of antioxidant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Codex Alimentarius Commission: General Standard for Food Additives, CXS 192-1995, includes provisions for additives used as antioxidants.", "European Parliament and Council: Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 governs food additives, including authorized antioxidant uses.", "ASTM International: ASTM D2272 measures oxidation stability of steam turbine oils by rotating pressure vessel." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of antioxidant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Delaying oxidative rancidity in fats, oils and foods.", "Reducing oxidative degradation of polymers, rubbers and lubricants.", "Stabilizing pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations against oxidation.", "Controlling reactive oxidants in biological systems through antioxidant molecules and enzymes.", "Serving as reagents or reference compounds in oxidation and antioxidant-capacity experiments." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of antioxidant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Oxidation induction time", "typical_range": "No class-wide range; depends on substrate, temperature, oxygen exposure and test method.", "unit": "min or h" }, { "quantity": "Antioxidant concentration in a formulation", "typical_range": "Substance-, application- and regulation-dependent.", "unit": "mg/kg" }, { "quantity": "Antioxidant capacity expressed as Trolox equivalents", "typical_range": "Assay- and sample-dependent; results from different methods are not automatically comparable.", "unit": "µmol Trolox equivalents/g" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of antioxidant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Activity can be lost through consumption, thermal degradation or unsuitable storage.", "Poor solubility or partitioning can prevent an antioxidant from protecting the phase where oxidation occurs.", "Some antioxidants become pro-oxidant under particular concentrations, metal-ion conditions or reaction environments.", "Laboratory radical-scavenging activity does not establish biological availability or health benefit.", "Toxicity, sensitization and safe exposure depend on the specific substance and dose; antioxidant function does not establish safety." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of antioxidant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Permitted food antioxidants, food categories, maximum use levels and labeling requirements differ by jurisdiction.", "EU E numbers and Codex INS identifiers overlap for many additives but do not establish identical authorization." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of antioxidant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Reducing agent", "difference": "A reducing agent transfers electrons to another species; antioxidant status requires inhibition of oxidation in the relevant system." }, { "name": "Preservative", "difference": "Preservation includes protection against microbial spoilage and other deterioration; antioxidants specifically address oxidation." }, { "name": "Radical scavenger", "difference": "A radical scavenger reacts with radicals; some antioxidants work through other mechanisms, and scavenging a radical does not necessarily suppress net oxidation." }, { "name": "Antioxidant supplement", "difference": "A supplement is a formulated product containing ingredients marketed or used for antioxidant effects; an antioxidant is a functional substance classification." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of antioxidant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend antioxidant to include enzyme preparations, complex extracts and indirect biological antioxidant agents, or a narrower class of materials?", "Where should this entry draw its boundary with oxygen scavengers, chelating agents and stabilizers whose functions can overlap with oxidation inhibition?", "Which target systems and oxidation endpoints should provide the minimum evidence for recognizing antioxidant function across food, biological and industrial uses?", "How should conflicting assay results and transitions between antioxidant and pro-oxidant behaviour be represented when test conditions are incompletely reported?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover this functional class, requiring this registry entry to link to that model?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a antioxidant, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify an antioxidant material, assess its oxidation-inhibiting function under specified conditions, and judge its suitability for a proposed use.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: free radical scavengers, Thioredoxin reductase (NADPH), superoxide dismutase, antioxidant synergist, antibrowning agent, polyphenol antioxidant, TryX and NRX, thioredoxin domain, protein family, Thioredoxin/glutathione reductase selenoprotein, Thioredoxin reductase, Extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn], Superoxide dismutase, Nickel-type, Manganese/iron superoxide dismutase.", "15 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a antioxidant, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "free radical scavengers", "Thioredoxin reductase (NADPH)", "superoxide dismutase", "antioxidant synergist", "antibrowning agent", "polyphenol antioxidant", "TryX and NRX, thioredoxin domain, protein family", "Thioredoxin/glutathione reductase selenoprotein", "Thioredoxin reductase", "Extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]", "Superoxide dismutase, Nickel-type", "Manganese/iron superoxide dismutase" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 15 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one antioxidant from another, and a antioxidant from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a antioxidant sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a antioxidant from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a antioxidant is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a antioxidant is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a antioxidant is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a antioxidant is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a antioxidant is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a antioxidant is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a antioxidant passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a antioxidant between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a antioxidant, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a antioxidant is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a antioxidant and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a antioxidant is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a antioxidant performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a antioxidant.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a antioxidant at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a antioxidant there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What antioxidant is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name antioxidant unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of antioxidant exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How antioxidant behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of antioxidant, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is antioxidant incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How antioxidant can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is antioxidant classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover antioxidant, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a antioxidant came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a antioxidant and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a antioxidant is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a antioxidant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a antioxidant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a antioxidant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }