{ "model": { "rank": 4185, "code": "thing-q134192", "model_id": "vr.tr.butane", "name": "butane", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify butane, assess its composition and physical state, and determine whether a specified sample is suitable for an intended use under documented conditions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q134192/", "tier": 2, "score": 77, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Butane-1-13C", "(1,4-¹³C₂)Butane", "(¹³C₄)Butane" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 77, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.butane", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q134192", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134192", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:39:51Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087ae-220c-7eb1-b597-88cba39f493a\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: butane\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registere", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 60.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087ae-221d-78d2-9bf0-7fa714c61930\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: butane\nRegistry id: vr.tr.butane\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext fo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q134192", "registryId": "vr.tr.butane", "name": "butane", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q134192/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.butane", "name": "butane", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify butane, assess its composition and physical state, and determine whether a specified sample is suitable for an intended use under documented conditions.", "definition": "Butane, in the strict chemical sense of n-butane, is the unbranched alkane CH3CH2CH2CH3, a colourless, highly flammable gas at ordinary room temperature and atmospheric pressure that can be liquefied under pressure.", "scope_statement": "This model owns butane as a chemical substance, provisionally interpreted as straight-chain n-butane, C4H10; it records identity evidence, purity, phase, properties, hazards and use constraints while leaving the registry's possible broader use of the name unresolved.", "in_scope": [ "Molecular identity and distinction between n-butane, isobutane and commercial butane mixtures", "Sample composition, purity, grade, impurities and odorization", "Gas or liquid state as a function of temperature, pressure and composition", "Condition-qualified physical properties and combustion behavior", "Substance hazards, exposure assessment and jurisdiction-specific identity", "Suitability for a specified fuel, propellant, refrigerant or chemical-feedstock role" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Isobutane as a separately modeled chemical substance", "LPG and other formulated fuel mixtures as products", "Cylinders, valves, lighters, burners and refrigeration equipment", "Refining, separation and manufacturing processes", "Transport operations and facility emergency-response plans" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A molecular formula of C4H10 distinguishes butane from propane and butenes, but does not distinguish its structural isomers.", "An unbranched four-carbon skeleton identifies n-butane; a branched skeleton identifies isobutane.", "A label saying 'butane' does not establish n-butane purity: composition evidence must distinguish the substance from commercial blends.", "Liquid and gaseous butane are physical states of the same substance; their interpretation requires temperature and pressure.", "Odor is insufficient for identification because odorants can be added and their presence varies between supplies." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Chemical identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "n-butane; isobutane; butane-containing mixture; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a common name from substituting for verified molecular identity." }, { "name": "Verified substance identifiers", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "CAS, PubChem CID and EC records linked to the verified molecular structure", "why_it_matters": "Connects identity, property and regulatory evidence without mixing isomers or products." }, { "name": "Composition and purity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Component mole or mass fractions, stated basis, method and detection limits", "why_it_matters": "Isobutane, propane, unsaturated hydrocarbons and other constituents can change properties and suitability." }, { "name": "Grade and odorization", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Supplier-defined grade; odorized, unodorized or unknown; additive identity and concentration", "why_it_matters": "Fuel-grade material may be unsuitable for applications requiring controlled trace impurities." }, { "name": "Temperature and absolute pressure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in K or °C; absolute pressure in Pa, kPa or bar", "why_it_matters": "These conditions govern phase and the applicability of measured properties." }, { "name": "Phase condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Gas; liquid; liquid-vapor coexistence; solid; supercritical; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether gas-release, liquid-contact or other state-dependent constraints apply." }, { "name": "Phase-transition and vapor-pressure evidence", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Melting and boiling temperatures at stated pressures; vapor pressure versus temperature with valid range", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of vaporization and pressure behavior without treating constants as condition-free." }, { "name": "Density", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg/m³ at stated temperature, pressure, phase and composition", "why_it_matters": "Supports mass-volume conversion and assessment of released vapor behavior." }, { "name": "Flammability and ignition properties", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Flammability limits in volume percent in a specified oxidant; ignition temperature in °C or K with test conditions", "why_it_matters": "Allows evaluation of ignition potential using evidence applicable to the actual conditions." }, { "name": "Hazard classification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Applicable GHS implementation, classification, physical form, jurisdiction, source and revision date", "why_it_matters": "Prevents classifications for another formulation or physical form from being applied automatically." }, { "name": "Exposure assessment", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Butane concentration in ppm or mg/m³; oxygen in volume percent; duration and sampling location", "why_it_matters": "Separates substance exposure from oxygen displacement and supports comparison with applicable limits." }, { "name": "Intended application specification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named application linked to composition, moisture, residue and operating-condition requirements", "why_it_matters": "Makes suitability depend on explicit requirements rather than the name 'butane' alone." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a sample's identity against molecular structure, identifiers and composition evidence.", "Compare purity, odorization and trace contaminants with a named application specification.", "Assess phase and vapor-pressure behavior using validated data within their stated ranges.", "Flag ignition, pressure, liquid-contact and oxygen-displacement concerns for the recorded conditions.", "Determine whether a proposed substitution or use has sufficient supporting evidence.", "Request missing measurements or authoritative documentation before making a suitability decision." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "butane-identity-and-composition", "name": "Butane identity and composition", "description": "Establishes what the name butane denotes and what a particular sample contains.", "rationale": "n-Butane, isobutane and commercial butane blends can share labeling language while requiring different property and suitability assessments.", "layers": [ { "id": "molecular-identity", "name": "Molecular identity", "description": "Resolves the intended molecular structure and its authoritative identity records.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolve-butane-name", "name": "Resolve the butane name", "description": "Treat the registry sense and the identity of a supplied sample as separate claims requiring evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does vr.tr.butane denote straight-chain n-butane specifically or a broader commercial use of the word butane?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "resolve-butane-name-q01" }, { "text": "Which read authoritative records establish the structure and corresponding CAS number, PubChem CID and EC number?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "resolve-butane-name-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sample-composition", "name": "Sample composition", "description": "Records component fractions, additives and the evidence supporting a grade claim.", "findings": [ { "id": "verify-purity-and-additives", "name": "Verify purity and additives", "description": "Make the composition of the actual sample explicit before using pure-substance data or accepting a grade designation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What fractions of n-butane, isobutane, propane, butenes and other detected constituents are present, on what analytical basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verify-purity-and-additives-q01" }, { "text": "Does the batch certificate establish the claimed purity, odorant content, moisture and residue limits?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verify-purity-and-additives-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "butane-phase-and-properties", "name": "Butane phase and properties", "description": "Connects observed physical state to composition, temperature, pressure and applicable property evidence.", "rationale": "Butane can be held as a liquefied gas, so pressure and temperature are essential to interpreting its state and release behavior.", "layers": [ { "id": "phase-assessment", "name": "Phase assessment", "description": "Establishes the current phase and whether an equilibrium interpretation is justified.", "findings": [ { "id": "determine-phase-condition", "name": "Determine phase condition", "description": "Record enough evidence to distinguish gaseous butane, liquid butane and liquid-vapor coexistence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the sample temperature, absolute pressure, composition and observed phases?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "determine-phase-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Is the sample near equilibrium, or is withdrawal, heating or depressurization changing its temperature and phase distribution?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "determine-phase-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "qualified-property-data", "name": "Qualified property data", "description": "Attaches conditions, uncertainty and valid ranges to phase and density data.", "findings": [ { "id": "select-applicable-property-evidence", "name": "Select applicable property evidence", "description": "Use n-butane property values only when their identity, phase and conditions match the assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which measured or evaluated sources support melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure and density, with units and reference conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "select-applicable-property-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Do the proposed temperature, pressure and impurity levels lie within the source's valid range, or is mixture-specific evidence needed?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "select-applicable-property-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "butane-hazards-and-exposure", "name": "Butane hazards and exposure", "description": "Separates combustion, pressure, liquid-contact and inhalation concerns and connects them to applicable evidence.", "rationale": "A butane assessment must account for both its flammability and the consequences of storing or releasing a volatile substance.", "layers": [ { "id": "ignition-and-release", "name": "Ignition and release", "description": "Assesses flammable atmospheres and state-dependent consequences of a release.", "findings": [ { "id": "assess-release-conditions", "name": "Assess release conditions", "description": "Judge a potential release using the recorded physical state, surroundings and validated hazard data.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sources establish applicable flammability limits and ignition properties, including oxidant and test conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "assess-release-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "Could the specified release produce a flammable atmosphere, vapor accumulation or contact with rapidly evaporating liquid?", "kind": "action", "id": "assess-release-conditions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-and-classification", "name": "Exposure and classification", "description": "Records exposure evidence and classification applicable to the substance or actual supplied composition.", "findings": [ { "id": "match-hazard-evidence-to-sample", "name": "Match hazard evidence to sample", "description": "Keep exposure limits, oxygen measurements and classification tied to their jurisdiction, physical form and composition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current authoritative sources establish the applicable GHS classification and occupational exposure limits, including averaging periods and any impurity-dependent provisions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "match-hazard-evidence-to-sample-q01" }, { "text": "What butane and oxygen concentrations were measured, where, for how long and with which instrument limitations?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "match-hazard-evidence-to-sample-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "butane-use-suitability", "name": "Butane use suitability", "description": "Evaluates whether a verified sample can meet a specified application's material and operating requirements.", "rationale": "Butane suitable as a fuel is not automatically suitable as a refrigerant, propellant or chemical feedstock.", "layers": [ { "id": "application-grade", "name": "Application grade", "description": "Connects composition and grade evidence to an explicitly named use.", "findings": [ { "id": "compare-sample-with-use-requirements", "name": "Compare sample with use requirements", "description": "Make suitability a comparison between documented sample properties and a documented application specification.", "questions": [ { "text": "What n-butane purity, isomer content, moisture, sulfur-containing additives and nonvolatile residue limits does the intended use require?", "kind": "definition", "id": "compare-sample-with-use-requirements-q01" }, { "text": "Does the available batch evidence demonstrate compliance, or which additional analysis is needed?", "kind": "action", "id": "compare-sample-with-use-requirements-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "substitution-and-system-interface", "name": "Substitution and system interface", "description": "Identifies where substance-level suitability depends on an equipment or product model.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualify-proposed-substitution", "name": "Qualify proposed substitution", "description": "Do not infer interchangeability between n-butane, isobutane, propane or their blends from their shared hydrocarbon identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "How would the proposed substitution change vapor pressure, phase behavior, combustion requirements or application performance under the specified conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "qualify-proposed-substitution-q01" }, { "text": "Which equipment compatibility, operating-envelope and product-approval requirements must the neighboring system model establish before use?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "qualify-proposed-substitution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This description uses the strict n-butane sense; the registry should confirm whether the intended scope includes both C4H10 isomers or commercial butane fuel.", "Identifiers and approximate physical constants are recalled, not verified against sources in this response.", "Exact hazard categories, exposure limits, transport entries and purity-dependent regulatory conditions require jurisdiction-specific verification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of butane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "106-97-8", "note": "Identifies n-butane, not isobutane or a commercial fuel mixture." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "7843", "note": "Compound identifier for n-butane." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "203-448-7", "note": "European chemical inventory identifier for n-butane." }, { "scheme": "Molecular formula", "value_or_pattern": "C4H10", "note": "Shared by n-butane and its constitutional isomer, isobutane; insufficient alone to distinguish them." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of butane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS): framework for communicating flammability and gas-under-pressure hazards.", "European Union Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulation (CLP): governs substance and mixture classification, labelling and packaging in the EU.", "United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations: provide the international framework for dangerous-goods transport classification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of butane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fuel in lighters and portable cooking equipment.", "Component of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).", "Propellant in aerosol products.", "Petrochemical feedstock for producing other chemicals, including maleic anhydride.", "Refrigerant designated R-600 in equipment designed for flammable refrigerants." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of butane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "58.12", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Normal boiling point of pure n-butane at 101.325 kPa", "typical_range": "approximately -0.5", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Melting point of pure n-butane", "typical_range": "approximately -138.3", "unit": "°C" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of butane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Leaks can form readily ignitable mixtures with air; ignition in confined spaces can cause explosions.", "Vapour is denser than air and can accumulate in low areas or travel to an ignition source.", "High concentrations can displace oxygen and cause asphyxiation; inhalation can also depress the central nervous system.", "Contact with rapidly evaporating liquid can cause cold burns or frostbite.", "Heating a pressurised container can cause rupture; incomplete combustion can produce carbon monoxide." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of butane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Commercial products sold as butane may contain isobutane, propane or other hydrocarbons; composition and purity require product-specific confirmation.", "LPG formulations vary by market and season, partly because n-butane vaporises poorly in cold conditions.", "Workplace exposure limits and legally required hazard communication vary by jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of butane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "isobutane", "difference": "Has the same molecular formula but a branched carbon skeleton; its systematic name is 2-methylpropane." }, { "name": "propane", "difference": "Has three carbon atoms and formula C3H8, with a substantially lower normal boiling point." }, { "name": "liquefied petroleum gas", "difference": "Is a commercial class of hydrocarbon fuels, commonly mixtures containing propane and butanes, rather than a single pure compound." }, { "name": "butene", "difference": "Contains a carbon-carbon double bond and has formula C4H8, whereas butane is saturated." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of butane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry's underlying identity record establish n-butane specifically, or must its scope accommodate a broader butane sense?", "Which authoritative identity records and evaluated property sources should anchor the identifiers, constants and temperature-dependent data?", "Which grade specifications are relevant to the intended applications, and how do they constrain isomer content, odorants, moisture and residue?", "Which jurisdictions and supplied compositions determine the applicable hazard classifications and exposure limits, including impurity-dependent provisions?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this chemical concept, requiring a registry link rather than a separate publication?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a butane, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify butane, assess its composition and physical state, and determine whether a specified sample is suitable for an intended use under documented conditions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Butane-1-13C, (1,4-¹³C₂)Butane, (¹³C₄)Butane.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a butane, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Butane-1-13C", "(1,4-¹³C₂)Butane", "(¹³C₄)Butane" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one butane from another, and a butane from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a butane sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a butane from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a butane is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a butane is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a butane is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a butane is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a butane is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a butane is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a butane passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a butane between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a butane, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a butane is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a butane and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a butane is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a butane performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a butane.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a butane at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a butane there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What butane is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name butane unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of butane exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How butane behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of butane, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is butane incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How butane can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is butane classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover butane, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a butane came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a butane and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a butane is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a butane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a butane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a butane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }