{ "model": { "rank": 2597, "code": "thing-q134649", "model_id": "vr.tr.diphtheria", "name": "diphtheria", "purpose": "Let an agent explain diphtheria in general terms, relay symptoms, transmission, vaccination and treatment principles from public health sources, relay outbreak and coverage data with sources, and route personal symptoms and vaccination questions to clinicians and health authorities.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q134649/", "tier": 2, "score": 101, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "diphtheritic peritonitis", "diphtheritic cystitis", "diphtheritic laryngotracheitis", "diphtheritic membranous angina", "pseudomembranous diphtheritic conjunctivitis", "diphtheritic myocarditis", "nasopharyngeal diphtheria", "cutaneous diphtheria" ], "aliasCount": 8, "merged": 8, "knownIn": 101, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.diphtheria", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q134649", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134649", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T22:09:37Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q134649", "registryId": "vr.tr.diphtheria", "name": "diphtheria", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q134649/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.diphtheria", "name": "diphtheria", "purpose": "Let an agent explain diphtheria in general terms, relay symptoms, transmission, vaccination and treatment principles from public health sources, relay outbreak and coverage data with sources, and route personal symptoms and vaccination questions to clinicians and health authorities.", "definition": "A serious bacterial infection caused by toxin-producing strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and related species, affecting mainly the throat and nose, where a grey membrane forms, and sometimes the skin, with toxin damaging the heart and nerves; diphtheria spreads by respiratory droplets, was a major cause of child death before vaccination, is now rare where immunisation coverage is high, and is a notifiable disease treated with antitoxin and antibiotics.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a disease.", "affordances": [ "explain the disease and its forms", "relay vaccination and prevention information", "relay outbreak and coverage data", "route personal questions to clinicians" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Toxin-mediated", "Pseudomembrane", "Vaccine-preventable", "Notifiable" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; signs include sore throat, fever, swollen neck and a grey membrane in the throat.", "visual_identification": [ "Toxin-mediated infection with throat membrane", "Respiratory and cutaneous forms", "Streptococcal sore throat and other membranous infections are distinguished by testing" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "case fatality", "typical_range": "about 5-10", "unit": "percent", "note": "higher in young children and untreated cases" }, { "quantity": "vaccine introduced", "typical_range": "1920s", "unit": "decade", "note": "toxoid" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "respiratory diphtheria including laryngotracheal and pharyngeal forms", "cutaneous diphtheria", "complications such as myocarditis and neuropathy", "rare sites such as conjunctival forms", "toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans infection as a related zoonosis" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "primary bacterial infectious disease", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "notifiable disease", "why": "in most countries" }, { "relation": "is caused by", "target": "Corynebacterium diphtheriae", "why": "toxigenic strains" }, { "relation": "is prevented by", "target": "diphtheria vaccine", "why": "the toxoid" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-10", "value_or_pattern": "A36", "note": "" }, { "scheme": "ICD-11", "value_or_pattern": "1C17", "note": "" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "WHO immunisation schedules and position papers", "National notifiable disease regulations", "International Health Regulations for outbreaks" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Outbreaks where coverage falls", "Delayed antitoxin treatment", "Misdiagnosis in low-incidence settings", "Agents giving personal medical advice" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What diphtheria is.", "rationale": "General information.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is diphtheria, and what forms and complications does it have?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the user describing symptoms, which need urgent clinical assessment?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transmission", "name": "Transmission", "description": "Transmission.", "findings": [ { "id": "transmission-finding", "name": "Transmission", "description": "Transmission.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does diphtheria spread, and who is at risk?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the bacterium?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "prevent", "name": "Prevent", "description": "Vaccination and control.", "rationale": "Public health.", "layers": [ { "id": "vaccination", "name": "Vaccination", "description": "Vaccination.", "findings": [ { "id": "vaccination-finding", "name": "Vaccination", "description": "Vaccination.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do immunisation schedules recommend, including boosters?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own vaccination, which needs a clinician or health authority?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "outbreaks", "name": "Outbreaks", "description": "Outbreaks and surveillance.", "findings": [ { "id": "outbreaks-finding", "name": "Outbreaks", "description": "Outbreaks.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where have outbreaks occurred, and what do coverage data show, with sources?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "clinical", "name": "Clinical", "description": "Diagnosis and treatment.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnosis", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnosis-finding", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is diphtheria diagnosed and confirmed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment principles.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What treatment do guidelines describe, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation free of personal medical advice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did diphtheria affect populations historically, and how were antitoxin and vaccine developed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of vaccination?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is diphtheria used to teach toxin-mediated disease and vaccination?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits vaccine-preventable diseases?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should complications be separate entries?", "How should WHO data be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming complications and rare forms; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a diphtheria, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain diphtheria in general terms, relay symptoms, transmission, vaccination and treatment principles from public health sources, relay outbreak and coverage data with sources, and route personal symptoms and vaccination questions to clinicians and health authorities.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: diphtheritic peritonitis, diphtheritic cystitis, diphtheritic laryngotracheitis, diphtheritic membranous angina, pseudomembranous diphtheritic conjunctivitis, diphtheritic myocarditis, nasopharyngeal diphtheria, cutaneous diphtheria.", "8 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 101 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a diphtheria, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "diphtheritic peritonitis", "diphtheritic cystitis", "diphtheritic laryngotracheitis", "diphtheritic membranous angina", "pseudomembranous diphtheritic conjunctivitis", "diphtheritic myocarditis", "nasopharyngeal diphtheria", "cutaneous diphtheria" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 101 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 8 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one diphtheria from another, and a diphtheria from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a diphtheria, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a diphtheria, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a diphtheria is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a diphtheria, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a diphtheria, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a diphtheria is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a diphtheria sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a diphtheria, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a diphtheria, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a diphtheria is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a diphtheria from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a diphtheria, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a diphtheria, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a diphtheria is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a diphtheria passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a diphtheria between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a diphtheria, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a diphtheria, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a diphtheria is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a diphtheria, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a diphtheria is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a diphtheria, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a diphtheria, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a diphtheria is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What diphtheria is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of diphtheria are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is diphtheria operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of diphtheria and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of diphtheria?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as diphtheria?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a diphtheria came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a diphtheria and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a diphtheria, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a diphtheria, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a diphtheria is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a diphtheria is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a diphtheria, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a diphtheria, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a diphtheria is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }