{ "model": { "rank": 3089, "code": "thing-q138", "model_id": "vr.tr.king-q138", "name": "king", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a physical chess king, establish its role and current state, and determine which handling or game actions are permissible.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q138/", "tier": 2, "score": 91, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "white king", "black king", "king walk" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 91, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.king-2", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q138", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:41:44Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00410312, "turns": 1, "seconds": 57.5, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 86.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c4f-8ed6-7ec3-8c55-3380ca43c6eb\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: king\nRegistry id: vr.tr.king-q138\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy mo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q138", "registryId": "vr.tr.king-q138", "name": "king", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q138/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.king-q138", "name": "king", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a physical chess king, establish its role and current state, and determine which handling or game actions are permissible.", "definition": "A monarch occupying the highest hereditary office of a kingdom, typically male, whose authority, succession, and public role are defined by that polity's constitution, statute, or customary law rather than by personal title alone.", "scope_statement": "Own the physical token representing a chess king and its assignment to a side, position, king-specific constraints and movement history; Q138 identifies the chess piece. [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138)", "in_scope": [ "Recognition of a king within its particular chess set", "Assignment of the physical token to a side and game", "Observed placement and reconciliation with the recorded position", "King movement, exposure to attack and castling eligibility", "Physical usability and replacement of the king token" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Human monarchs, royal offices and political authority", "Complete chess-game state, scoring and adjudication", "Board geometry, orientation and square recognition as standalone models", "Movement models for other chess pieces", "Player identity, clocks and tournament administration", "General manufacturing, ownership and valuation of chess sets" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The set's design, documentation or explicit assignment identifies this token as the king; height or a cross-shaped finial alone is insufficient.", "Under standard chess rules, its ordinary movement is to an adjacent square, subject to king-safety constraints, unlike the queen's long-range movement.", "It is the piece whose checkmate ends the game; capturing it is not a legal game action.", "It participates with a rook in castling when the applicable conditions hold. [FIDE Laws of Chess, Articles 1 and 3](https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/e012023)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "King recognition evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "set documentation | distinctive design | explicit token assignment | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a queen, decorative miniature or substitute token from being misidentified." }, { "name": "Assigned side", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "white side | black side | unassigned | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines friendly occupancy, opposing attacks and the relevant player." }, { "name": "Game and ruleset", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "linked game and explicit ruleset/version", "why_it_matters": "Supplies the context required to evaluate king actions." }, { "name": "Observed placement", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "identified square | between squares | held | off board | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates what a sensor sees from a confirmed game move." }, { "name": "Confirmed game square", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "a1-h8 for a standard board | unresolved | not assigned to a game", "why_it_matters": "Anchors movement and attack evaluation to the accepted position." }, { "name": "Check assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "in check | not in check | unknown, linked to a position revision", "why_it_matters": "Constrains responses without treating stale analysis as current." }, { "name": "Castling rights", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "retained | lost | unknown, separately for each associated rook", "why_it_matters": "Records historical eligibility separately from immediate feasibility." }, { "name": "King movement history", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "never moved | moved | unknown, with supporting game history", "why_it_matters": "A current square alone cannot establish castling rights." }, { "name": "Physical readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "recognisable and stable | ambiguous identity | unstable | damaged | missing", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the king can be reliably observed and handled." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the king and associate it with the correct side and game.", "Reconcile its observed location with the confirmed game position.", "Evaluate candidate king moves using the complete resulting position.", "Evaluate and execute authorised castling as a coordinated king-and-rook action.", "Flag check, uncertain castling rights or inconsistent placement for resolution.", "Replace an unusable token while preserving the represented king's game history." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata-q12097", "title": "king (Q12097)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12097", "what_it_supports": "Canonical identifier and class: male monarch of a kingdom; distinguished from queen, emperor, and other royal ranks.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "britannica-king", "title": "King", "url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/king-monarch", "what_it_supports": "Specialist definition of king as sovereign of a kingdom and the historical range from sacral and absolute to constitutional forms.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "uk-royal-succession", "title": "Succession to the Crown Act 2013", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/20/contents", "what_it_supports": "Modern statutory regulation of who becomes king in a constitutional monarchy, including gender-neutral succession and marriage consent.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "fide-laws-of-chess", "title": "Laws of Chess", "url": "https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/E012023", "what_it_supports": "The chess king as a distinct physical game object with unique movement, check, and checkmate rules, often confused with the monarch sense.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "king-identity", "name": "King identity", "description": "Establish which physical token represents the king and whose king it is.", "rationale": "King-specific restrictions must attach to an evidenced role, not an assumed silhouette.", "layers": [ { "id": "set-specific-recognition", "name": "Set-specific recognition", "description": "Distinguish the king from similar pieces in this set.", "findings": [ { "id": "king-identification-evidence", "name": "King identification evidence", "description": "Record the design cues or explicit designation supporting recognition, including ambiguity with the queen.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence identifies this token as the king in this particular set?", "kind": "definition", "id": "king-identification-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Could the same visible features identify a queen or decorative object here?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "king-identification-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "side-and-token-assignment", "name": "Side and token assignment", "description": "Connect the physical object to one represented king.", "findings": [ { "id": "represented-king", "name": "Represented king", "description": "Record side, game and whether the object is an original piece, spare or designated substitute.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which side and game is this king assigned to?", "kind": "definition", "id": "represented-king-q01" }, { "text": "Who or what established that assignment, particularly for a substitute token?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "represented-king-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "king-position", "name": "King position", "description": "Locate the king and reconcile observation with game state.", "rationale": "A misplaced or temporarily lifted king must not silently become a confirmed move.", "layers": [ { "id": "observed-king-location", "name": "Observed king location", "description": "Capture the physical placement and its uncertainty.", "findings": [ { "id": "square-assignment", "name": "Square assignment", "description": "Record the observed square or off-board condition together with board orientation and observation time.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which square contains the king's base, and how was board orientation established?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "square-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Is the token centred on a square, straddling squares, being held or off board?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "square-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "position-reconciliation", "name": "Position reconciliation", "description": "Associate the observation with a confirmed position revision.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-versus-recorded-square", "name": "Observed versus recorded square", "description": "Record discrepancies and the evidence needed to distinguish a move from adjustment, setup or disturbance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the observed king location agree with the latest confirmed game position?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observed-versus-recorded-square-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence is required before accepting a discrepancy as a completed king move?", "kind": "action", "id": "observed-versus-recorded-square-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "king-safety-and-movement", "name": "King safety and movement", "description": "Evaluate ordinary king moves and king exposure using the linked board position.", "rationale": "A geometrically reachable square can still be forbidden because of attack.", "layers": [ { "id": "ordinary-king-moves", "name": "Ordinary king moves", "description": "Evaluate candidate destinations and resulting occupancy.", "findings": [ { "id": "candidate-destination", "name": "Candidate destination", "description": "Record destination geometry, occupancy and the resulting position used for safety evaluation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the proposed destination adjacent and available under the selected ruleset?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "candidate-destination-q01" }, { "text": "After moving the king and removing any captured piece, is the destination attacked?", "kind": "action", "id": "candidate-destination-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "check-and-response", "name": "Check and response", "description": "Record attackers and refer whole-side response analysis to the game model.", "findings": [ { "id": "attack-evidence", "name": "Attack evidence", "description": "Attach attacking pieces and attack paths to a specific position; include opposing-king proximity and attacks from pinned pieces.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which opposing pieces attack the king's square under the applicable attack rules?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attack-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does the attack calculation account for the opposing king and pieces constrained by their own king's safety?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attack-evidence-q02" } ] }, { "id": "response-and-outcome-boundary", "name": "Response and outcome boundary", "description": "Keep king escape analysis separate from all legal responses and the game's outcome decision.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can the side answer the threat through a king move, capture or interposition?", "kind": "action", "id": "response-and-outcome-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Has the game model checked all legal moves before reporting checkmate or stalemate?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "response-and-outcome-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "castling", "name": "Castling", "description": "Track historical rights and evaluate a proposed coordinated king-and-rook move.", "rationale": "Castling requires information that cannot be recovered from the king's present location alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "castling-history", "name": "Castling history", "description": "Establish rights using the king and associated rook histories.", "findings": [ { "id": "historical-rights-evidence", "name": "Historical rights evidence", "description": "Record evidence of retained or lost rights and preserve unknown status when history is incomplete.", "questions": [ { "text": "What move history or trusted position record establishes rights for each associated rook?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "historical-rights-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Has the king or relevant rook previously moved, even if it later returned?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "historical-rights-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "castling-feasibility", "name": "Castling feasibility", "description": "Evaluate current occupancy, king safety and both pieces' destinations.", "findings": [ { "id": "castling-action-plan", "name": "Castling action plan", "description": "Record the ruleset-specific path checks and a coordinated relocation plan tied to the current position.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which king and rook start squares, transit squares and destinations apply to this ruleset?", "kind": "definition", "id": "castling-action-plan-q01" }, { "text": "Do current occupancy and attack conditions permit this castling action?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "castling-action-plan-q02" }, { "text": "How will both final placements be verified before the game record accepts castling?", "kind": "action", "id": "castling-action-plan-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-king-use", "name": "Physical king use", "description": "Assess whether the king token can be handled and keep physical interventions distinct from game actions.", "rationale": "Damage, accidental displacement and replacement can affect the token without changing the represented king's rights.", "layers": [ { "id": "king-handling-readiness", "name": "King handling readiness", "description": "Assess king-specific recognition and manipulation constraints.", "findings": [ { "id": "finial-base-and-grip", "name": "Finial, base and grip", "description": "Record whether damaged identifying features, an unstable base or a fragile top prevent reliable recognition or movement.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can this king still be distinguished from its queen and stand securely on one square?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "finial-base-and-grip-q01" }, { "text": "Where can the token be gripped without relying on a fragile finial or disturbing neighbouring pieces?", "kind": "action", "id": "finial-base-and-grip-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "king-intervention-continuity", "name": "King intervention continuity", "description": "Preserve the represented king across adjustments, disturbances and token replacement.", "findings": [ { "id": "handling-intent", "name": "Handling intent", "description": "Record whether manipulation is an authorised move, adjustment, restoration or replacement; avoid inferring resignation from a fallen king alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "What establishes the purpose and authority for touching, lifting or repositioning this king?", "kind": "action", "id": "handling-intent-q01" }, { "text": "If the king is toppled or removed, what corroborating evidence establishes the game significance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "handling-intent-q02" } ] }, { "id": "replacement-continuity", "name": "Replacement continuity", "description": "Link a replacement token to the existing represented king and its confirmed state.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which replacement token has been accepted to represent this same king?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "replacement-continuity-q01" }, { "text": "How will side, square and castling history be preserved through replacement?", "kind": "action", "id": "replacement-continuity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "constitutional / ceremonial monarch", "absolute monarch", "elected or tanist king", "co-king or junior king", "king consort", "pretender or claimant in exile", "chess king (game piece)", "playing-card king" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of king this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q12097", "note": "king as male monarch / sovereign of a kingdom" }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q184386", "note": "chess king (game piece); separate item from the office" }, { "scheme": "Library of Congress Subject Headings", "value_or_pattern": "Kings and rulers", "note": "LCSH class used in cataloguing persons holding the office" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of king this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Succession to the Crown Act 2013 (United Kingdom Parliament) - gender-neutral succession and consent to royal marriage in the UK and, by agreement, several Commonwealth realms", "Spanish Constitution of 1978, Title II The Crown (Cortes Generales / Kingdom of Spain) - king as Head of State, inviolable, with succession by male-preference cognatic primogeniture still in the text", "Belgian Constitution, Title III The King and the Federal Government (Belgian Federal Parliament) - king's powers exercised only with ministerial countersignature", "FIDE Laws of Chess, Articles 3.8 and 5 (International Chess Federation) - movement, check, and checkmate of the king piece" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of king this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Head of state in remaining kingdoms (e.g. United Kingdom, Spain, Belgium, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Eswatini), performing constitutionally specified acts: assent, appointment of ministers, commander-in-chief functions, state visits", "Dynastic and liturgical figure in coronation, accession, and state funeral rites", "Named party on coinage, seals, letters patent, and military commissions", "Chess set piece: the unique royal piece whose checkmate ends the game", "Standard face card in a 52-card deck (king of each suit)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of king this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "reign length", "typical_range": "a few days to ~70 years in well-documented modern cases", "unit": "year" }, { "quantity": "count of currently reigning kings as heads of state", "typical_range": "on the order of 20-30 sovereign kings worldwide, depending on whether elective and dual monarchies are counted", "unit": "person" }, { "quantity": "chess-king height in a tournament set (Staunton)", "typical_range": "85-105", "unit": "mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of king this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Succession crisis: disputed legitimacy, minority, or absence of an heir producing civil war or constitutional deadlock", "Personal union and divided loyalty when one person is king of more than one realm", "Constitutional overreach or refusal to act (e.g. withholding assent, dismissing a government) in a system that assumes a non-partisan crown", "Regicide, deposition, or forced abdication as political violence against the office-holder", "In chess: leaving the king in check is an illegal move; stalemate and insufficient mating material are game-ending conditions distinct from checkmate" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of king this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "English king vs queen: gender of the sovereign; a reigning woman is queen regnant, not king", "French roi, Spanish rey, German König, Arabic malik, Hebrew melek, Chinese wang - not always equivalent in rank to European king (wang historically below huangdi/emperor)", "Saudi Arabia and several Gulf states: king as absolute or near-absolute ruler with Islamic legal framing; European kingdoms: largely ceremonial under ministerial responsibility", "Malaysia: Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a king elected on rotation among hereditary state rulers", "Eswatini: dual monarchy with a king (Ngwenyama) and a queen mother (Ndlovukati) sharing ritual and political roles", "Chess: the piece is called roi, König, rey, король; some historical sets used a non-Staunton form that is easy to confuse with the queen" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of king this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "queen regnant", "difference": "A woman holding the same sovereign office in her own right; test is the incumbent's sex and the style used in that polity's law (queen, not king), not a lesser rank." }, { "name": "emperor", "difference": "A higher or differently framed imperial rank (imperator, huangdi, tennō); test is the polity's official style and whether the ruler claims supremacy over kings rather than kingship of a single kingdom." }, { "name": "king consort", "difference": "Spouse of a queen regnant who holds a kingly title without the sovereign office; test is whether succession and constitutional powers vest in that person." }, { "name": "prince / crown prince", "difference": "Heir or dynast who is not yet sovereign; test is whether accession (or an equivalent legal act) has occurred." }, { "name": "chess queen", "difference": "The most mobile piece, not the royal piece; test is movement (queen: any number of squares on rank, file, or diagonal; king: one square) and that only the king's checkmate ends the game." }, { "name": "playing-card king", "difference": "A rank in a card deck, not an office-holder; test is the object type (printed card vs person or chess piece)." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of king this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own the chess-king concept, requiring this registry entry to link to it?", "Should the initial model support only standard chess, or also Chess960 and other explicitly named variants?", "What evidence threshold should establish king identity in unfamiliar, abstract or accessibility-oriented chess sets?", "Which connected system supplies authoritative position history, attack analysis and castling rights when observations are incomplete?", "Which play context and handling rules govern robotic movement, adjustments, replacement tokens and interpretation of a toppled king?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 20, "questions": 33 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a king, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a physical chess king, establish its role and current state, and determine which handling or game actions are permissible.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: white king, black king, king walk.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 91 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a king, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "white king", "black king", "king walk" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 91 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one king from another, and a king from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a king sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a king from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a king is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a king is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a king is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a king is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a king is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a king is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a king passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a king between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a king, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a king is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What king is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does king perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise king, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How king is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does king have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does king need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about king is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about king hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern king, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a king came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a king and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a king is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a king, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a king, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a king is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }