{ "model": { "rank": 2963, "code": "thing-q1380", "model_id": "vr.tr.capsicum-annuum", "name": "Capsicum annuum", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Capsicum annuum, assess an individual plant's development and condition, and choose justified cultivation, propagation and harvest actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q1380/", "tier": 2, "score": 93, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Gernika pepper", "Pimiento najerano", "Piquant d'Algérie pepper", "shishitō" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 93, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q1380", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1380", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T13:59:17Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01007828, "turns": 1, "seconds": 162.4, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 95, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c25-e55c-7e01-b66c-309e94e047f7\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Capsicum annuum\nRegistry id: vr.tr.capsicum-annuum\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1380", "registryId": "vr.tr.capsicum-annuum", "name": "Capsicum annuum", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1380/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.capsicum-annuum", "name": "Capsicum annuum", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Capsicum annuum, assess an individual plant's development and condition, and choose justified cultivation, propagation and harvest actions.", "definition": "Capsicum annuum L. is the principal cultivated pepper of Solanaceae, a diploid Mesoamerican domesticate whose cultivars supply nearly all sweet/bell peppers and a large share of culinary chilies and paprika, and which is separated from the other domesticated Capsicum species by typically solitary flowers, a calyx without an annular constriction, and pale straw-coloured seeds.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the species-specific identity, observable traits, developmental state and action constraints of plants registered as vr.tr.capsicum-annuum, including attached organs and links to originating or derived material; cultivar names refine identity without creating separate registry entries.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification evidence and uncertainty, including confusion with other cultivated Capsicum species", "Cultivar or accession identity and observed variation in growth, fruit form and pungency", "Vegetative development, flowering, fruit set and fruit maturation", "Plant condition interpreted against growing conditions and intervention history", "Propagation suitability and harvest readiness for a stated purpose" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Independent taxonomic models of other Capsicum species", "Greenhouse, field, soil and irrigation-system management beyond their effects on the plant", "Independent pest and pathogen identification models", "Detached produce storage, processing, recipes and commercial food-lot management", "Seed-lot certification, breeding-program design and cultivar ownership", "Human clinical responses to capsaicin exposure" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Count flowers at several flowering nodes: predominantly solitary flowers support C. annuum identification, but occasional clusters prevent using this as a decisive test. [OECD Capsicum biology consensus document](https://one.oecd.org/document/ENV/JM/MONO%282006%292/en/pdf)", "Inspect fresh corollas for colour and markings: cultivated C. annuum typically has white, largely unmarked corollas; document exceptions and use a regional key before excluding alternatives. [World Flora Online](https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001019990)", "Photograph the mature calyx and its junction with the fruit stalk: cultivated C. annuum descriptions report an essentially truncate calyx and lack of an early basal constriction; interpret late constriction cautiously because expanding fruit can produce it. [World Flora Online](https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001019990)", "Test a proposed identification against a combination of flower arrangement, corolla appearance and fruit-stalk morphology; a fruit photograph or market name alone leaves the identification provisional. The botanical description supplies these combined characters. [Kew botanical description](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A316944-2/general-information)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Species determination", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unexamined | provisional | supported | disputed; evidence and determiner recorded", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether species-specific expectations can justify an action." }, { "name": "Cultivar or accession provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Link to named cultivar, accession, supplier or parent material; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Provides a reference for expected fruit traits without treating a label as verified identity." }, { "name": "Flower arrangement and appearance", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Flowers per node; corolla colour and markings; sampled nodes and photographs", "why_it_matters": "Supplies identification evidence that fruit shape alone cannot provide." }, { "name": "Calyx and pedicel morphology", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Calyx margin, basal constriction, pedicel orientation and organ maturity", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison with closely similar peppers while preserving developmental context." }, { "name": "Concurrent developmental states", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Germinating, seedling, vegetative, budding, flowering, fruiting, senescing; multiple states permitted", "why_it_matters": "Allows a plant bearing flowers and mature fruit simultaneously to receive appropriate care." }, { "name": "Flower and fruit retention", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Tagged flowers, retained fruit and aborted organs counted over a stated interval", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes poor fruit establishment from later fruit loss." }, { "name": "Fruit phenotype", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Length and width in mm, mass in g, shape, orientation and colour at a recorded stage", "why_it_matters": "Supports cultivar comparison and harvest selection without making fruit form a species diagnosis." }, { "name": "Fruit maturity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Developing | target harvest stage reached | seed maturity supported | deteriorating | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Separates readiness for a particular harvest from readiness for seed saving." }, { "name": "Pungency evidence", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Unknown, cultivar claim, or measured capsaicinoid concentration in mg/kg with tissue, method and fresh/dry basis", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an agent from assigning handling or product suitability solely from appearance." }, { "name": "Growing exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Air/root-zone temperature in °C, light duration in h/day and substrate-water measurement with method and time", "why_it_matters": "Provides context for growth changes, wilting and reproductive losses." }, { "name": "Organ damage pattern", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Affected organ, symptom, extent, onset, progression and diagnostic confidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports triage while keeping observed injury separate from its proposed cause." }, { "name": "Treatment and release constraints", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to treatment records, applicable instructions, intended use and unresolved restrictions", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether propagation, movement or harvest requires additional evidence." } ], "affordances": [ "Inspect and document flowers, calyces and fruit to support or challenge species identification", "Sow linked seed or transplant a plant when its condition and growing context support establishment", "Adjust watering, growing exposure or physical support in response to recorded plant condition", "Observe or manage pollination and trace retained fruit to documented flowers", "Harvest selected fruit for a declared use when maturity and treatment constraints are satisfied", "Retain propagation material or isolate a suspect plant when identity and health evidence justify the action" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "bosland-votava-2012", "title": "Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums, 2nd edition", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Species diagnosis among cultivated Capsicum, cultivar groups actually grown (bell, paprika, jalapeño, New Mexico, cayenne), crop biology, and typical pungency ranges." }, { "id": "ipgri-descriptors-1995", "title": "Descriptors for Capsicum (Capsicum spp.)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Characters used to distinguish C. annuum from related species (flower number per node, calyx constriction, seed colour) and the measurements genebanks record." }, { "id": "unece-ffv-28", "title": "UNECE Standard FFV-28 concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of sweet peppers", "url": "https://unece.org/trade/wp7/FFV-Standards", "what_it_supports": "How sweet/bell C. annuum fruit is graded and traded internationally as a fresh vegetable.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "iso-7540", "title": "ISO 7540 Ground paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) - Specifications", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Trade identity of paprika as a C. annuum product, and moisture/colour specifications used in the spice trade." }, { "id": "kew-powo", "title": "Capsicum annuum L.", "url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/", "what_it_supports": "Accepted scientific name, authorship (Linnaeus), family placement, and native/introduced range.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "ncbi-taxonomy-4072", "title": "NCBI Taxonomy Browser: Capsicum annuum (taxid 4072)", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=4072", "what_it_supports": "Stable taxonomic identifier used in sequence databases.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "pepper-identity", "name": "Pepper identity", "description": "Establish whether the plant belongs to Capsicum annuum and what its cultivar label actually establishes.", "rationale": "Similar cultivated peppers and variable fruit forms make unsupported identity an unreliable basis for care or propagation.", "layers": [ { "id": "species-evidence", "name": "Species evidence", "description": "Assess reproductive characters against an identified botanical reference.", "findings": [ { "id": "combined-identification", "name": "Combined identification", "description": "Record the character combination, plausible alternatives and limits of the determination.", "questions": [ { "text": "What flower-per-node counts, corolla markings and mature calyx characters were actually observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "combined-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which alternative Capsicum identifications remain compatible with those observations?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "combined-identification-q02" }, { "text": "Which botanical key, specimen comparison or expert determination supports the assigned species?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "combined-identification-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivar-and-origin", "name": "Cultivar and origin", "description": "Separate inherited labels from observed cultivar or accession evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "label-confidence", "name": "Label confidence", "description": "Preserve source identity and explain discrepancies between labelled and observed pepper traits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which seed source, accession or parent plant supplied the cultivar claim?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "label-confidence-q01" }, { "text": "Do observed fruit shape, maturation colour and growth habit agree with the documented source description?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "label-confidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "establishment-and-growth", "name": "Establishment and growth", "description": "Represent the plant's establishment, branching growth and response to its growing environment.", "rationale": "An agent needs stage-specific evidence to distinguish successful establishment from stalled or declining growth.", "layers": [ { "id": "establishment-state", "name": "Establishment state", "description": "Track emergence or transplant recovery through observed root and shoot development.", "findings": [ { "id": "establishment-progress", "name": "Establishment progress", "description": "Judge establishment from dated observations rather than elapsed time alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "When was this pepper sown or transplanted, and what new leaves or roots have developed since?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "establishment-progress-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports transplanting now or delaying until establishment improves?", "kind": "action", "id": "establishment-progress-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "canopy-and-exposure", "name": "Canopy and exposure", "description": "Connect branching, leaf condition and fruit-bearing structure to recorded exposure.", "findings": [ { "id": "growth-response", "name": "Growth response", "description": "Record changes in shoot growth and support needs alongside temperature, light and water observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have new growth, leaf posture and branch loading changed under the recorded growing conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "growth-response-q01" }, { "text": "Which observation justifies changing irrigation, exposure or support, and what response will be checked?", "kind": "action", "id": "growth-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-and-propagation", "name": "Flowering and propagation", "description": "Track reproductive performance and the evidential limits of saved seed.", "rationale": "Fruit production and reproduction of a named pepper cultivar are different outcomes requiring different evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "flower-to-fruit", "name": "Flower to fruit", "description": "Follow flower cohorts through fruit establishment and loss.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-retention", "name": "Reproductive retention", "description": "Distinguish missing flowers, failure to establish fruit and subsequent abortion.", "questions": [ { "text": "Of the flowers observed during a defined interval, how many formed retained fruit?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-retention-q01" }, { "text": "What pollination observations and growing-condition records accompany flower or young-fruit loss?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reproductive-retention-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "seed-parentage", "name": "Seed parentage", "description": "Represent maternal identity, pollen-source uncertainty and evidence of seed readiness.", "findings": [ { "id": "propagation-confidence", "name": "Propagation confidence", "description": "State what saved seed can legitimately claim about parentage, maturity and expected offspring.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was the seed-bearing flower exposed to unknown pollen, isolated or deliberately pollinated?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "propagation-confidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports collecting this fruit for viable seed and making any cultivar-fidelity claim?", "kind": "action", "id": "propagation-confidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "pepper-condition-and-triage", "name": "Pepper condition and triage", "description": "Assess leaf, root and fruit symptoms without converting visual resemblance into a confirmed cause.", "rationale": "Wilt, reproductive loss and damaged pepper fruit require different actions depending on cause and progression.", "layers": [ { "id": "symptom-pattern", "name": "Symptom pattern", "description": "Locate and track symptoms across organs and neighbouring plants.", "findings": [ { "id": "damage-distribution", "name": "Damage distribution", "description": "Record patterns such as distorted new leaves, persistent wilt or lesions at a fruit's blossom end.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organs and ages are affected, and are fruit lesions at the blossom end, exposed surface or another location?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "damage-distribution-q01" }, { "text": "Which proposed causes have diagnostic evidence, and which remain explanations to test?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "damage-distribution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-response", "name": "Intervention response", "description": "Connect a justified intervention to an observable follow-up and relevant use constraints.", "findings": [ { "id": "triage-decision", "name": "Triage decision", "description": "Choose whether to monitor, alter conditions, obtain diagnosis or isolate the plant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the evidence justify environmental adjustment, diagnostic sampling or isolation of this pepper plant?", "kind": "action", "id": "triage-decision-q01" }, { "text": "What change in new leaves, wilt or newly developing fruit would demonstrate improvement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "triage-decision-q02" }, { "text": "Which treatment records constrain subsequent harvesting or propagation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "triage-decision-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fruit-purpose-and-harvest", "name": "Fruit purpose and harvest", "description": "Judge attached fruit against its intended use, observed maturity and substantiated pungency.", "rationale": "A pepper's colour, heat claim and readiness have meaning only in relation to cultivar evidence and harvest purpose.", "layers": [ { "id": "use-specific-maturity", "name": "Use-specific maturity", "description": "Define readiness for green-stage harvest, mature-colour harvest or seed retention.", "findings": [ { "id": "harvest-target", "name": "Harvest target", "description": "Assess each fruit against a declared target instead of assigning one ripe state to the entire plant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this fruit intended for green-stage use, mature-colour use or seed production?", "kind": "definition", "id": "harvest-target-q01" }, { "text": "What size, colour progression, firmness and condition support readiness for that purpose?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "harvest-target-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pungency-and-release", "name": "Pungency and release", "description": "Keep pungency evidence and harvest eligibility separate from visual appeal.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-fruit-use", "name": "Supported fruit use", "description": "Require traceable evidence for pungency claims and resolve relevant constraints before harvest for use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the pungency description a source claim or a measurement, and which fruit tissue and analytical basis does it describe?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-fruit-use-q01" }, { "text": "Do fruit condition, treatment history and intended use support harvesting now, retaining the fruit or excluding it from that use?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-fruit-use-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Bell / sweet pepper (blocky, thick-walled, non-pungent fresh fruit)", "Paprika / spice pepper (thin-walled fruit dried and ground for colour and flavour)", "Jalapeño (thick-walled, moderately pungent, often pickled or smoked as chipotle)", "Poblano (fresh) / ancho (dried)", "Cayenne and other long-hot types", "New Mexico / Anaheim chile", "Serrano", "Chiltepin / bird pepper (wild or semi-wild C. annuum var. glabriusculum)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Scientific name", "value_or_pattern": "Capsicum annuum L.", "note": "Original publication: Species Plantarum 1: 188 (1753)." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "4072", "note": "taxid for the species; cultivar accessions hang under this node." }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "30492", "note": "Integrated Taxonomic Information System taxonomic serial number." }, { "scheme": "EPPO Code", "value_or_pattern": "CPSAN", "note": "Plant-protection and phytosanitary code for Capsicum annuum." }, { "scheme": "USDA PLANTS symbol", "value_or_pattern": "CAAN4", "note": "United States Department of Agriculture plants database symbol." }, { "scheme": "HS (Harmonized System)", "value_or_pattern": "0709.60 (fresh/chilled Capsicum or Pimenta fruit); 0904.21 (dried Capsicum or Pimenta fruit, neither crushed nor ground)", "note": "Trade headings cover the genus, not the species alone; dried crushed/ground product is 0904.22." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "UNECE Standard FFV-28 - sweet peppers (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe)", "ISO 7540 - ground paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) specifications (International Organization for Standardization)", "ISO 972 - chillies and capsicums, whole or ground (powdered) - specification (International Organization for Standardization)", "United States Standards for Grades of Sweet Peppers (USDA Agricultural Marketing Service)", "ASTA cleanliness and colour methods for paprika and chili (American Spice Trade Association)", "EU food-additive listing of paprika extract / paprika oleoresin as E160c (European Commission)", "Protected designations such as Pimentón de La Vera and Pimentón de Murcia (EU PDO/PGI) and Hungarian paprika quality classes (national/Codex Hungaricus practice)", "Phytosanitary controls on Capsicum seed and fruit (IPPC/ISPM framework as applied by NPPO; EPPO pest risk material for the crop)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Fresh vegetable: bell, jalapeño, poblano, shishito and similar fruit sold whole in markets and food service", "Dried spice: paprika, cayenne, chili powder, Korean gochugaru, Spanish pimentón", "Processed food: pickled jalapeños, canned pimentos, sauces, and oleoresin used as colour (E160c) in meats and snacks", "Ornamental bedding and pot plants (compact, multi-coloured fruiting cultivars)", "Breeding and seed production: the default parent species for commercial sweet-pepper and many chili hybrids", "Traditional condiment crops in Mesoamerica, Hungary, Spain, Korea, New Mexico and the Mediterranean" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Pungency (Scoville heat units)", "typical_range": "0 (bell/paprika sweet) to about 2500-8000 (jalapeño) and 30000-50000 (cayenne); most culinary C. annuum stay below 50000", "unit": "SHU" }, { "quantity": "Fruit length", "typical_range": "about 1-3 (chiltepin/cherry) to 8-12 (jalapeño/bell) and up to about 20-30 (long New Mexico/cayenne types)", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Paprika extractable colour", "typical_range": "commonly 60-180 in trade lots; high-colour grades above 150", "unit": "ASTA colour units" }, { "quantity": "Moisture of dried paprika/chili", "typical_range": "typically specified at or below about 11 in spice standards", "unit": "% wet basis" }, { "quantity": "Days to harvest from transplant", "typical_range": "about 60-90 for many fresh-market cultivars; later for some paprika and New Mexico types", "unit": "d" }, { "quantity": "Chromosome number", "typical_range": "24", "unit": "2n" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici) collapsing roots, crowns and fruit in wet soil", "Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas spp.) and anthracnose ruining fruit quality", "Viruses, especially pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), tobacco mosaic, cucumber mosaic and tomato spotted wilt", "Physiological fruit defects: blossom-end rot (calcium/water stress) and sunscald", "Postharvest chilling injury of fresh fruit held too cold (commonly cited near or below about 7 °C)", "Mycotoxins (aflatoxin, ochratoxin) in poorly dried chili/paprika", "Spice fraud: illegal dyes historically used to boost paprika colour (e.g. Sudan dyes)", "Capsaicin burns to eyes, skin and gut; occupational exposure in processing", "Unexpected pungency in supposedly sweet fruit after cross-pollination in open-pollinated seed" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Australia, New Zealand and much of South Asia use 'capsicum' for the sweet/bell fruit; North America uses 'bell pepper' and reserves 'pepper' for both sweet and chili types", "Mexico treats chile as a staple with many C. annuum landraces (jalapeño, serrano, poblano/ancho, chiltepin); 'ají' in parts of South America more often names other Capsicum species", "Hungary grades paprika as a national spice (édesnemes and hotter classes) rather than as a fresh vegetable", "Spain distinguishes fresh pimiento from smoked pimentón (notably La Vera) and from small frying peppers (Padrón, often C. annuum)", "Korea's gochu / gochugaru is mainly C. annuum even when English labels say 'chili'", "New Mexico uses 'chile' for the long green/red C. annuum crop (Hatch/New Mexico types), as distinct from Texan 'chili' stew", "Italy's peperone is typically sweet C. annuum; peperoncino may be C. annuum or another species depending on region" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Capsicum frutescens (tabasco, malagueta and similar)", "difference": "C. annuum usually has one flower per node and often pendant fruit in cultivars; C. frutescens typically has two or more flowers per node and small, erect, persistent fruit." }, { "name": "Capsicum chinense (habanero, Scotch bonnet, many very hot landraces)", "difference": "C. chinense has an annular constriction at the base of the calyx and often 2-5 flowers per node; C. annuum lacks that calyx constriction and is usually solitary-flowered." }, { "name": "Capsicum baccatum (ají amarillo and related Andean types)", "difference": "C. baccatum corollas are white with conspicuous yellow-green spots; C. annuum corollas are unmarked white to off-white (sometimes purple-tinged)." }, { "name": "Capsicum pubescens (rocoto / locoto)", "difference": "C. pubescens has purple flowers, black seeds and densely hairy leaves; C. annuum has pale seeds and usually glabrous or only lightly pubescent foliage." }, { "name": "Piper nigrum (black/white pepper)", "difference": "A piperaceous vine producing drupes in spikes and pungency from piperine; Capsicum is a solanaceous berry whose heat is capsaicinoid. They share an English name and some spice-blend uses, not morphology or chemistry." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Capsicum annuum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative diagnostic key adequately covers cultivated and wild C. annuum variation and its difficult boundaries with C. chinense and C. frutescens?", "How should suspected interspecific hybrids be represented under vr.tr.capsicum-annuum when morphology and provenance disagree?", "Which cultivar- and environment-specific thresholds are sufficiently supported for establishment, reproductive stress and harvest decisions?", "What evidence is sufficient to assert seed maturity, viability and cultivar fidelity for the propagation material encountered?", "Which sampling and analytical methods make pungency measurements comparable across tissues, maturity stages and fresh versus dry material?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "unclassified", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Capsicum annuum, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Capsicum annuum, assess an individual plant's development and condition, and choose justified cultivation, propagation and harvest actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Gernika pepper, Pimiento najerano, Piquant d'Algérie pepper, shishitō.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 93 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Capsicum annuum, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form and material. The registry holds no appearance data, so what a Capsicum annuum looks like has to come from research." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Gernika pepper", "Pimiento najerano", "Piquant d'Algérie pepper", "shishitō" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 93 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Capsicum annuum from another, and a Capsicum annuum from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Capsicum annuum sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Capsicum annuum from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Capsicum annuum is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a Capsicum annuum is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Capsicum annuum is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Capsicum annuum is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Capsicum annuum is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Capsicum annuum is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Capsicum annuum passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Capsicum annuum between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Capsicum annuum, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Capsicum annuum is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a Capsicum annuum and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a Capsicum annuum is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a Capsicum annuum performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a Capsicum annuum.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a Capsicum annuum at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Capsicum annuum came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Capsicum annuum and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Capsicum annuum is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Capsicum annuum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Capsicum annuum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Capsicum annuum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 13, "findings": 15, "questions": 45 } } } }