resistance movement
Let an agent explain resistance movements historically, relay forms, histories and legal status from historical and international law sources with contested characterisations attributed, describe the named movements, avoid operational or recruitment help, and distinguish resistance movements from insurgencies, terrorist organisations as designated, civil disobedience and regular armed forces.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain resistance movements historically, relay forms, histories and legal status from historical and international law sources with contested characterisations attributed, describe the named movements, avoid operational or recruitment help, and distinguish resistance movements from insurgencies, terrorist organisations as designated, civil disobedience and regular armed forces.
An organised effort by part of a population to oppose an occupying power or established government, through nonviolent or armed means, most associated with the Second World War resistance to Axis occupation, such as the Belgian Resistance, the Polish resistance movement including the Home Army, Dutch knokploegen, armed groups formed to protect people in hiding, and the Yugoslav Partisans, whose struggle Yugoslav historiography called the National Liberation War and Socialist Revolution, as well as resistance movements abroad and national liberation movements against colonial rule; how contemporary movements are characterised is often contested, and such characterisations are attributed. The model gives no operational guidance.
What it is for: Opposing occupation or oppression.
It can be explain history with attribution; relay legal status in international law; describe named movements; distinguish related concepts.
Distinguishing features
Opposition to occupation
Armed or nonviolent
Clandestine organisation
Contested characterisation
What it looks like
Not a visible object; historic images show underground presses, partisans and memorials.
Physical character
Warsaw Uprising: 1944 year - Home Army
Geneva Conventions Additional Protocol I: 1977 year - status of some liberation fighters
Dutch Landelijke Knokploegen: 1943-1945 years
How it is recognised
Organised opposition to occupation or government
Resistance movement abroad, National Liberation War and Socialist Revolution, knokploeg, Belgian Resistance, national liberation movement, Polish resistance movement in World War II
Insurgency is a military term; terrorist designations are government decisions; civil disobedience is nonviolent lawbreaking; regular armies are state forces
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
includes -
includes -
is contrasted with -
In practice
Families and kinds
Second World War resistance movements
partisan movements
nonviolent resistance
national liberation movements
exile-based resistance
Standards and regulation
Hague Regulations 1907 and Geneva Conventions on combatant status
Additional Protocol I 1977
Failure modes and hazards
Operational or recruitment assistance, which is out of scope
Partisan characterisation of contemporary groups
Glorifying violence against civilians
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What a resistance movement is.
Attribution.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is a resistance movement, and how does it differ from insurgencies, designated terrorist groups, civil disobedience and armies? definition
- Is the question historical or legal, rather than seeking operational help, which is out of scope? boundary
Named
Named movements.
Named
Named.
- What were the Belgian and Polish resistance, the knokploegen, the Yugoslav National Liberation War and resistance abroad? definition
- Which entry fits the specific movement? action
History Second World War.
Sources.
Europe
European resistance.
Europe
Europe.
- How did resistance movements operate in occupied Europe, as historians describe? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Rescue
Rescue and hiding.
Rescue
Rescue.
- How did resistance networks hide Jews and others, and how are rescuers honoured? provenance
- Which entry fits Righteous Among the Nations? action
Law Law and characterisation.
Attribution.
Status
Legal status.
Status
Status.
- How does international humanitarian law treat resistance fighters? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Contested
Contested cases.
Contested
Contested.
- Why is the same group sometimes called a resistance movement and a terrorist organisation, with positions attributed? provenance
- Is the presentation neutral and attributed? boundary
Context Memory.
Context.
Memory
Memory and memorials.
Memory
Memory.
- How are resistance movements remembered and debated in national memory? provenance
- Which entry fits Warsaw Uprising Museum? action
Nonviolent
Nonviolent resistance.
Nonviolent
Nonviolent.
- What does research say about nonviolent resistance campaigns, with findings attributed? provenance
- Which entry fits nonviolent resistance? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should each named movement be a separate entry?
- How should historical archives be linked?
- How should contested contemporary cases be presented?