{ "model": { "rank": 6142, "code": "thing-q139487", "model_id": "vr.tr.greater-kudu", "name": "Greater kudu", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a greater kudu, assess its condition and ecological circumstances, and determine whether observation, protection or authorised intervention is appropriate.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q139487/", "tier": 2, "score": 62, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 62, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q139487", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139487", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:47:10Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00810866, "turns": 1, "seconds": 68.8, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 103.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07bae-2bf7-7020-a11b-c5c8af05852d\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Greater kudu\nRegistry id: vr.tr.greater-kudu\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q139487", "registryId": "vr.tr.greater-kudu", "name": "Greater kudu", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q139487/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.greater-kudu", "name": "Greater kudu", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a greater kudu, assess its condition and ecological circumstances, and determine whether observation, protection or authorised intervention is appropriate.", "definition": "The greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) is a large, spiral-horned African woodland antelope in the tribe Tragelaphini, distinguished by a tall, narrow body, vertical white body stripes, and, in adult males, long open-spiral horns.", "scope_statement": "This PHY / PHY.LIV model owns the recognition and state assessment of individual greater kudu under vr.tr.greater-kudu, including their relationships to calves, groups, habitat and management; it records taxonomic uncertainty without creating additional registry entries.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification and individual recognition across sex and life stage", "Body condition, horn integrity, mobility and observable distress", "Browsing, water access, cover use and movement barriers", "Calf dependency, reproductive evidence and changing social associations", "Animal-specific constraints on observation, handling and relocation" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Independent models of lesser kudu, nyala and other antelope", "Population abundance estimation and conservation assessment methods", "Vegetation communities, habitat restoration and land management plans", "Pathogen biology, diagnostic protocols and veterinary treatment procedures", "Hunting law, permits, ownership and wildlife trade systems", "Detached horns, hides, meat and museum specimens as managed objects" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "On a clear flank view, count vertical white stripes: greater kudu typically show 6-10, while lesser kudu usually show 11-15; obscured or atypical counts require other evidence. [MNHN](https://www.mnhn.fr/en/the-greater-kudu), [AWF](https://www.awf.org/wildlife-conservation/kudu)", "For a mature male, inspect the underside of the neck for the greater kudu's hair fringe; conspicuous upper and lower white neck patches instead support lesser kudu. Do not apply the mature-male test to calves or females. [MNHN](https://www.mnhn.fr/en/the-greater-kudu), [AWF](https://www.awf.org/wildlife-conservation/kudu)", "With a reliable scale and age assessment, compare shoulder height: greater kudu commonly stand about 100-150 cm, versus approximately 90-105 cm for lesser kudu; overlap prevents size alone from deciding identity. [AWF](https://www.awf.org/wildlife-conservation/kudu)", "For horned adults, assess horn length and spiral form alongside body size and neck markings: greater kudu males develop substantially longer spiral horns than lesser kudu males. Horn absence does not exclude greater kudu. [AWF](https://www.awf.org/wildlife-conservation/kudu), [MNHN](https://www.mnhn.fr/en/the-greater-kudu)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "confirmed by documented review | probable | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a partial view of a striped antelope from becoming an unsupported greater kudu record." }, { "name": "Sex assessment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "male | female | undetermined; record evidence", "why_it_matters": "Controls interpretation of size, horn development and reproductive observations." }, { "name": "Life stage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "dependent calf | juvenile | subadult | adult | undetermined", "why_it_matters": "Separates immature morphology and dependency from abnormal condition." }, { "name": "Shoulder height", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cm; measured or estimated, with uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification and growth assessment when sex, age and measurement method are known." }, { "name": "Flank stripe pattern", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "visible count, branching and interruptions for each side; obscured areas recorded", "why_it_matters": "Supports species recognition and candidate matching between sightings." }, { "name": "Horn condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "absent | developing | intact | damaged | entangled | not visible; assess each horn", "why_it_matters": "Separates normal development from injury and identifies constraints on movement or handling." }, { "name": "Body condition trend", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "improving | stable | declining | unknown; attach observations and scoring method", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of whether available browse and the animal's feeding ability are adequate." }, { "name": "Locomotor ability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "apparently unrestricted | limping | unable to rise | physically trapped | unassessed", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish routine resting from impaired escape or an urgent welfare concern." }, { "name": "Browse use", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "animal to observed food plant, plant part, place and time", "why_it_matters": "Records actual feeding resources rather than assuming all surrounding vegetation is suitable." }, { "name": "Calf dependency", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "calf to observed or suspected mother; nursing and reunion evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents temporary separation from being mistaken for abandonment." }, { "name": "Social association", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "animal to observed companions; time, composition and confidence", "why_it_matters": "Preserves changing associations without treating every sighting group as a permanent herd." }, { "name": "Management context", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "free-ranging | fenced reserve | captive collection | in authorised transport | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines which responsible party and animal-specific management records must inform action." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and document a candidate greater kudu while retaining competing identifications and supporting images.", "Compare repeated sightings for possible individual matches using flank patterns, horn form and documented marks.", "Monitor feeding, mobility and body condition in relation to seasonal browse and water access.", "Assess an apparently solitary calf through remote observation of nursing or maternal return.", "Flag entanglement, injury, blocked movement or sustained disturbance for an appropriate wildlife responder.", "Assemble an animal-specific suitability assessment for authorised handling or relocation using linked veterinary, habitat and permission records." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "src-iucn", "title": "Tragelaphus strepsiceros (Greater Kudu)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Taxonomic placement, Least Concern status, range, threats, and subspecies treatment used by IUCN.", "url_status": "dead" }, { "id": "src-msw", "title": "Mammal Species of the World, 3rd ed.: Tragelaphus strepsiceros", "url": "https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14200722", "what_it_supports": "Accepted scientific name, authority (Pallas, 1766), and subspecies names used in mammalogical practice.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "src-cites", "title": "CITES Appendices (valid from 25 November 2023) and species listings", "url": "https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php", "what_it_supports": "Greater kudu is not listed on CITES Appendices I-III as a species (trade is national, not CITES-listed).", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "src-wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q215394 (greater kudu)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215394", "what_it_supports": "Stable identifier Q215394 and crosswalks to ITIS, GBIF, NCBI, IUCN, and other taxonomic schemes.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "kudu-recognition", "name": "Kudu recognition", "description": "Establish species identity and continuity between observations.", "rationale": "Striped coats and spiral horns are shared with other antelope, while age and sex alter the available identification evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "species-evidence", "name": "Species evidence", "description": "Evaluate the combination of morphology and taxonomic interpretation.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-greater-kudu-identification", "name": "Supported greater kudu identification", "description": "Record visible diagnostic traits, contradictory evidence and the taxonomic reference used; the Mammal Diversity Database currently treats greater kudu as Tragelaphus strepsiceros. [MDD](https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006283/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed stripe, neck, size and horn features jointly support greater kudu over lesser kudu?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-greater-kudu-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which images, observer assessment and taxonomic reference support the identification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-greater-kudu-identification-q02" }, { "text": "Could age, sex, obscuration or an alternative antelope identification explain the same evidence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-greater-kudu-identification-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "individual-continuity", "name": "Individual continuity", "description": "Assess whether sightings concern the same animal.", "findings": [ { "id": "repeat-sighting-match", "name": "Repeat sighting match", "description": "Retain candidate matches based on comparable flank photographs, horn details and documented marks without assuming a pattern is uniquely identifying.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do photographs show the same flank and compatible stripe branching, scars and horn details?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "repeat-sighting-match-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes a confirmed individual match from a plausible resemblance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "repeat-sighting-match-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "body-and-horn-function", "name": "Body and horn function", "description": "Assess bodily condition in the context of sex, development and functional ability.", "rationale": "A growing male, a hornless female and an injured adult require different interpretations of similar-looking observations.", "layers": [ { "id": "development-and-condition", "name": "Development and condition", "description": "Interpret size and condition against an explicit life-stage assessment.", "findings": [ { "id": "contextual-body-assessment", "name": "Contextual body assessment", "description": "Record sex and life-stage evidence alongside body measurements and condition trends; do not infer exact age from horn appearance alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "What supports the sex and life-stage assessment independently of apparent body size?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "contextual-body-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "How have visible body condition, feeding activity and measured or estimated size changed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "contextual-body-assessment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "horns-and-mobility", "name": "Horns and mobility", "description": "Assess whether horns, limbs or nearby obstacles compromise movement.", "findings": [ { "id": "functional-impairment", "name": "Functional impairment", "description": "Record horn damage, abnormal gait and entanglement evidence. Interlocked horns are a documented hazard in sparring greater kudu males. [Mpala](https://mpala.org/field_guide/view/greater_kudu/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Can the animal walk, turn its head, browse and disengage from nearby animals or obstacles?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "functional-impairment-q01" }, { "text": "Do visible injuries or persistent horn locking require escalation to an authorised wildlife responder?", "kind": "action", "id": "functional-impairment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "browse-cover-and-movement", "name": "Browse, cover and movement", "description": "Relate the animal's feeding and movement to usable vegetation, water and shelter.", "rationale": "Greater kudu assessment requires evidence about browsing resources and woody cover rather than a generic measure of green vegetation.", "layers": [ { "id": "browse-and-water", "name": "Browse and water", "description": "Record consumed vegetation and accessible water under current seasonal conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-feeding-resources", "name": "Usable feeding resources", "description": "Greater kudu browse woody plants and other vegetation; record actual intake and seasonal access instead of assuming that forage presence establishes adequacy. [Mpala](https://mpala.org/field_guide/view/greater_kudu/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which plants and plant parts is this animal actually eating, and with what identification confidence?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-feeding-resources-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence links current browse and water access to its feeding behaviour and body condition?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "usable-feeding-resources-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cover-and-passages", "name": "Cover and passages", "description": "Assess usable concealment and connections between feeding, resting and drinking places.", "findings": [ { "id": "accessible-cover-network", "name": "Accessible cover network", "description": "Greater kudu use bush and thicket cover; record whether this individual can reach suitable cover and resources across the local landscape. [Animal Diversity Web](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Tragelaphus_strepsiceros/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Where does the animal rest or retreat, and which routes connect those places to observed feeding and drinking sites?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "accessible-cover-network-q01" }, { "text": "Are fences, roads or disturbance preventing passage or concentrating the animal in an exposed location?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "accessible-cover-network-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "calves-and-social-life", "name": "Calves and social life", "description": "Interpret dependency, reproductive evidence and associations with other kudu.", "rationale": "A hidden calf or solitary adult cannot be assessed correctly by assuming all greater kudu should remain together.", "layers": [ { "id": "maternal-dependency", "name": "Maternal dependency", "description": "Distinguish normal calf concealment from evidence of failed care.", "findings": [ { "id": "hidden-calf-status", "name": "Hidden calf status", "description": "Greater kudu mothers leave young calves concealed between nursing visits; solitary presence alone does not establish abandonment. [Mpala](https://mpala.org/field_guide/view/greater_kudu/)", "questions": [ { "text": "When were nursing, maternal return or a calf following an adult last observed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "hidden-calf-status-q01" }, { "text": "Could the observation represent normal concealment, given calf condition and observation coverage?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "hidden-calf-status-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence would justify intervention rather than continued remote observation?", "kind": "action", "id": "hidden-calf-status-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "association-and-breeding", "name": "Association and breeding", "description": "Record temporary group composition and direct reproductive behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "social-context", "name": "Social context", "description": "Record companions, courtship, nursing and male sparring separately; greater kudu associations vary with sex and reproductive activity. [Mpala](https://mpala.org/field_guide/view/greater_kudu/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sex and life-stage classes accompany this animal, and how persistent is that association?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "social-context-q01" }, { "text": "Which direct observations support courtship, maternal care or aggression rather than mere proximity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "social-context-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "disturbance-and-intervention", "name": "Disturbance and intervention", "description": "Determine how this kudu's behaviour and circumstances constrain proposed human actions.", "rationale": "Observation, rescue and relocation require different responses to alarm, escape routes, horn hazards and calf dependency.", "layers": [ { "id": "alarm-and-escape", "name": "Alarm and escape", "description": "Evaluate how people, vehicles and barriers affect the animal's behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "disturbance-response", "name": "Disturbance response", "description": "Record freezing, vigilance, movement and vocalisation in context; greater kudu may stand still when alarmed, so immobility is insufficient evidence of calm. [AWF](https://www.awf.org/wildlife-conservation/kudu)", "questions": [ { "text": "How did vigilance, feeding and movement change when people or vehicles approached?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "disturbance-response-q01" }, { "text": "Should observation distance or position change to restore access to cover and an unobstructed escape route?", "kind": "action", "id": "disturbance-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-relocation-readiness", "name": "Handling and relocation readiness", "description": "Connect a proposed intervention to animal-specific evidence and accountable decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "intervention-prerequisites", "name": "Intervention prerequisites", "description": "Record the intervention objective, responsible authority and expert assessment of horn clearance, physical condition, dependent companions and destination resources; retain links to applicable external protocols.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observed problem requires handling or relocation, and who has authority and responsibility for that decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "intervention-prerequisites-q01" }, { "text": "Have horn configuration, mobility, calf dependency and destination browse and cover been assessed for this animal?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "intervention-prerequisites-q02" }, { "text": "Which veterinary assessment and applicable management protocol support proceeding?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "intervention-prerequisites-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Cape / southern greater kudu (T. s. strepsiceros)", "East African greater kudu (T. s. bea)", "Northern greater kudu (T. s. chora)", "Western greater kudu (T. s. cottoni)", "Adult male (bull) with spiral horns", "Adult female (cow), hornless", "Calf / juvenile" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Greater kudu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q215394", "note": "Item for the species Tragelaphus strepsiceros / greater kudu." }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "183855", "note": "Taxonomic Serial Number for Tragelaphus strepsiceros (Pallas, 1766)." }, { "scheme": "IUCN Red List taxon ID", "value_or_pattern": "22054", "note": "Assessment taxon id used on the IUCN Red List species page." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxonKey", "value_or_pattern": "2440966", "note": "GBIF backbone usage for Tragelaphus strepsiceros." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "9945", "note": "NCBI taxid for Tragelaphus strepsiceros." }, { "scheme": "Integrated Taxonomic Information System / binomial", "value_or_pattern": "Tragelaphus strepsiceros (Pallas, 1766)", "note": "Currently the prevailing species name; some phylogenies place it in Strepsiceros." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Greater kudu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IUCN Red List: Least Concern (IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group assessments of Tragelaphus strepsiceros)", "CITES: species not listed on Appendices I-III; international movement is under national wildlife-trade and veterinary law rather than a CITES listing (CITES Secretariat)", "National game/wildlife statutes in range states (e.g. South Africa Threatened or Protected Species / provincial hunting ordinances; Namibia Nature Conservation Ordinance; Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Act; Tanzania Wildlife Conservation Act) governing hunting seasons, trophy export, and ranching", "Safari Club International and CIC trophy-scoring formulae for greater kudu horns (non-statutory sport-hunting measurement standards)", "OIE/WOAH terrestrial animal health codes for international movement of live antelope and trophies (disease-risk, not species-specific listing)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Greater kudu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Flagship plains-game species on southern African hunting ranches and conservancies; adult bulls taken as spiral-horn trophies", "Photographic and safari tourism animal in woodland and savanna parks (Kruger, Etosha, Chobe, Ruaha, and private reserves)", "Venison / biltong and hide in southern African game-meat and taxidermy trades", "Captive populations in zoos and wildlife parks as a large tragelaphine exhibit animal", "Indicator of intact mixed woodland-thicket habitat in conservation planning" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Greater kudu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Shoulder height (adult male)", "typical_range": "140-160", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Shoulder height (adult female)", "typical_range": "120-140", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Body mass (adult male)", "typical_range": "190-270", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Body mass (adult female)", "typical_range": "120-210", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Horn length along spiral (adult male)", "typical_range": "100-140 (exceptional >150)", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Number of white body stripes", "typical_range": "6-10", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "Gestation", "typical_range": "7-9 (about 8)", "unit": "months" }, { "quantity": "Wild lifespan", "typical_range": "7-15 (captive to ~20+)", "unit": "years" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Greater kudu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Fence entanglement and horn trapping of bulls on game ranches", "Rinderpest historically, and ongoing susceptibility to anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, and other ungulate pathogens in mixed cattle-wildlife systems", "Poaching for meat and horns; unsustainable offtake outside well-managed ranching areas", "Habitat loss and fragmentation of woodland/thicket, and competition or displacement where bush is cleared", "Vehicle collision on farm and reserve roads at dusk when animals move to water", "Drought mortality, especially of calves, in semi-arid range", "Intraspecific horn injury among rival bulls in the rut" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Greater kudu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe): 'kudu' in everyday speech almost always means greater kudu; heavily ranched and hunted; Afrikaans koedoe", "East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Somalia): less commercialized; northern/eastern subspecies (chora, bea) occupy more arid bush; Swahili tandala / tandala kubwa for greater vs lesser", "Western/Chad-CAR fringe (T. s. cottoni): sparse, poorly observed population; sometimes treated as a distinct subspecies or local form", "Taxonomic practice: many field guides still use four subspecies; some genetic work questions those splits and some phylogenies move the species to Strepsiceros strepsiceros" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Greater kudu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Lesser kudu (Tragelaphus / Ammelaphus imberbis)", "difference": "Much smaller (males ~90-110 cm at shoulder); two white cheek patches; males have a dorsal crest and tighter, smaller horns; range is East African thornbush, overlapping only in parts of East Africa." }, { "name": "Nyala (Tragelaphus angasii)", "difference": "Males are dark slate with fringe and yellow lower legs; horns are lyre-shaped with fewer, tighter turns; strongly sexually dimorphic orange-brown females; confined to southeastern African thicket." }, { "name": "Common eland (Taurotragus oryx)", "difference": "Heavier, ox-like build with dewlap and relatively short, tightly spiraled horns in both sexes; no tall spiral 'corkscrew' horns confined to males." }, { "name": "Sitatunga / bushbuck group (Tragelaphus spekii, T. scriptus)", "difference": "Much smaller; bushbuck has similar striping but short, almost straight horns; sitatunga is a wetland specialist with splayed hooves." }, { "name": "Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus)", "difference": "West/Central African forest-savanna giant; both sexes horned; massive dewlap and different stripe/dewlap pattern; no range overlap with typical greater kudu." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Greater kudu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which taxonomic authority and version should govern regional names and disputed greater kudu subdivisions while preserving the single registry entry?", "How reliably do flank patterns and horn details identify individuals across age, photographic angle and seasonal coat changes?", "Which body-condition and age-assessment methods have been validated specifically for greater kudu across sexes and wild versus captive settings?", "What locally validated observation periods and calf-condition indicators distinguish normal concealment from failed maternal care, given differing published descriptions?", "Which region-specific evidence establishes seasonal browse and water adequacy, relevant disease risks and acceptable conditions for greater kudu handling or relocation?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 31 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Greater kudu, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a greater kudu, assess its condition and ecological circumstances, and determine whether observation, protection or authorised intervention is appropriate.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 62 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Greater kudu, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 62 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Greater kudu from another, and a Greater kudu from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Greater kudu sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Greater kudu from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Greater kudu is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Greater kudu and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Greater kudu is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Greater kudu is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Greater kudu is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Greater kudu moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Greater kudu passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Greater kudu between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Greater kudu, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Greater kudu is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Greater kudu is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Greater kudu, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Greater kudu from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Greater kudu from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Greater kudu does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Greater kudu pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Greater kudu judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Greater kudu lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Greater kudu, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Greater kudu hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Greater kudu came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Greater kudu and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Greater kudu is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Greater kudu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Greater kudu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Greater kudu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }