{ "model": { "rank": 4314, "code": "thing-q139925", "model_id": "vr.tr.chenopodium-quinoa", "name": "Chenopodium quinoa", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognize Chenopodium quinoa, assess the condition and suitability of its living material, and select evidence-based cultivation, propagation or conservation actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q139925/", "tier": 2, "score": 76, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 76, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q139925", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139925", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:56:53Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087bd-8a01-7b21-add9-6624187f5b4a\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Chenopodium quinoa\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 10", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 72.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087bd-89f3-7c71-a1ee-e8146468ac73\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Chenopodium quinoa\nRegistry id: vr.tr.chenopodium-quinoa\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this en" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q139925", "registryId": "vr.tr.chenopodium-quinoa", "name": "Chenopodium quinoa", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q139925/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.chenopodium-quinoa", "name": "Chenopodium quinoa", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognize Chenopodium quinoa, assess the condition and suitability of its living material, and select evidence-based cultivation, propagation or conservation actions.", "definition": "Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is an annual flowering plant species in the family Amaranthaceae, domesticated in the Andean region and cultivated primarily for its edible seeds, which are used as a pseudocereal.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the biological identity and state of Chenopodium quinoa under registry entry vr.tr.chenopodium-quinoa in PHY / PHY.LIV, distinguishing species-level knowledge from observations of populations, accessions and individual plants.", "in_scope": [ "Accepted taxonomic identity, diagnostic evidence and links to taxonomic authorities", "Cultivar, landrace, accession and population identity within the species", "Living plants and viable seed, including development and reproductive condition", "Geographic provenance, growing environment and locally demonstrated adaptation", "Plant health, propagation suitability and conservation evidence" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Processed quinoa grain, flour, meals and nutritional products", "Other Chenopodium species and their independent biological models", "Farm enterprises, commodity markets and supply-chain operations", "Soil, irrigation systems and weather as independently managed entities", "Human dietary advice and medical effects of quinoa consumption" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Resolve the name to the accepted species Chenopodium quinoa Willd., first published in 1798, rather than treating a common name or historical synonym as sufficient identification. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A165175-1)", "For an unidentified plant, require a regional botanical key or expert determination using vegetative and reproductive characters; resemblance to cultivated quinoa alone does not distinguish it from other Chenopodium species.", "Distinguish the annual plant from the harvested pseudocereal product: grain-like culinary use does not establish botanical identity. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A165175-1) [FAO Quinoa](https://www.fao.org/quinoa/en)", "Treat cultivar or ecotype differences as variation within the species unless taxonomic evidence supports another identity; FAO distinguishes valley, altiplano, salar, sea-level and subtropical groups. [FAO Ecocrop](https://ecocrop.apps.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=2509)", "Distinguish a viable propagation lot from a food lot using provenance, treatment history and germination evidence; the label 'quinoa' cannot establish that seed remains suitable for sowing." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic determination", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Accepted name and authority; taxonomic backbone identifiers; determination source, date and confidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents confusion with related species and preserves the evidence behind identification." }, { "name": "Biological reference level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Species, population, accession, cultivar, individual plant or viable seed lot", "why_it_matters": "Prevents observations of one plant or trial from becoming claims about the entire species." }, { "name": "Germplasm provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Accession identifier, provider, collection locality and date, cultivar or landrace designation", "why_it_matters": "Connects planting material to traceable identity and adaptation evidence." }, { "name": "Developmental stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Seed, germination, emergence, vegetative growth, flowering, seed filling, maturity or senescence", "why_it_matters": "Makes growth assessments and intervention timing specific to the plant's current stage." }, { "name": "Reproductive condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed flower sexual expression, flowering overlap, pollen availability and seed set", "why_it_matters": "Supports propagation decisions without assuming separate male and female plants." }, { "name": "Seed germination", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percent germinated, with sample size, test duration, temperature, substrate and pretreatment", "why_it_matters": "Provides a reproducible basis for judging a seed lot's propagation performance." }, { "name": "Growing environment", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Elevation in m; temperature in °C; day length in h; soil pH; electrical conductivity in dS/m with method", "why_it_matters": "Allows comparison with conditions under which the accession has actually been evaluated." }, { "name": "Stress and health response", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed symptoms, affected organs, incidence, severity, exposure and diagnostic confidence", "why_it_matters": "Separates measured plant condition from generalized claims of crop tolerance." }, { "name": "Seed saponin content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/g with sampled tissue, moisture basis, assay method and sampling stage", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparisons among accessions without treating a sweet or bitter designation as a laboratory result." }, { "name": "Conservation assessment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Assessment authority, category, year, geographic scope and assessed biological unit; otherwise unverified", "why_it_matters": "Keeps formal species assessments separate from local population decline or landrace loss." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a specimen or seed accession to the registered species, or flag identification for expert review.", "Compare candidate accessions against a proposed site's conditions using documented cultivation trials.", "Monitor development and plant health to support the timing of observation, propagation and harvest.", "Evaluate seed-lot germination and provenance before recommending sowing or regeneration.", "Plan seed multiplication with documented flowering, isolation and identity-preservation requirements.", "Identify gaps in population or germplasm conservation evidence and request targeted surveys or assessments." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "quinoa-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Quinoa identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish which biological entity the quinoa record describes and how its identification is supported.", "rationale": "Common names, historical combinations and seed-product labels can obscure both species identity and the level of observation.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name-and-determination", "name": "Accepted name and determination", "description": "Anchor identification to an explicit taxonomic treatment and independently inspectable evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "accepted-quinoa-name", "name": "Accepted quinoa name", "description": "Kew accepts Chenopodium quinoa Willd., published in 1798; retain the authority and source alongside any local identification. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A165175-1)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which taxonomic treatment and verified GBIF or NCBI identifiers anchor this record to Chenopodium quinoa?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "accepted-quinoa-name-q01" }, { "text": "Which voucher, diagnostic key, expert determination or validated genetic evidence excludes other Chenopodium species?", "kind": "definition", "id": "accepted-quinoa-name-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "species-accession-and-product-boundaries", "name": "Species, accession and product boundaries", "description": "Separate the taxon from its germplasm, observed plants and derived commodities.", "findings": [ { "id": "reference-unit-and-material-identity", "name": "Reference unit and material identity", "description": "Every observation must identify its biological reference unit; a commercial quinoa designation does not establish accession identity or seed viability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this claim concern the species, a named landrace or cultivar, an accession, a population, one plant or a seed lot?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reference-unit-and-material-identity-q01" }, { "text": "What provenance and treatment records establish that this material is identifiable living or propagative quinoa rather than a processed food product?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reference-unit-and-material-identity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "quinoa-development-and-reproduction", "name": "Quinoa development and reproduction", "description": "Track progression from viable seed through flowering and production of the next generation.", "rationale": "Planting and seed multiplication require developmental and reproductive observations tied to the accession and growing conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "establishment-and-phenology", "name": "Establishment and phenology", "description": "Record emergence and developmental timing without imposing universal calendar durations.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-developmental-course", "name": "Observed developmental course", "description": "Quinoa is an annual; the model should capture observed stage transitions and their growing conditions rather than assume a fixed crop duration. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A165175-1)", "questions": [ { "text": "What proportion of the tested seed lot germinates, and under which test conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-developmental-course-q01" }, { "text": "When do emergence, flowering, seed filling and maturity occur for this accession at this site?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-developmental-course-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-and-seed-multiplication", "name": "Flowering and seed multiplication", "description": "Describe reproductive observations and the controls needed to preserve germplasm identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-evidence-and-isolation", "name": "Reproductive evidence and isolation", "description": "Record observed flower sexual expression and pollen relationships rather than presume a male/female plant distinction or a universal outcrossing rate.", "questions": [ { "text": "What flower sexual expression, flowering overlap and seed set are observed in this accession?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-evidence-and-isolation-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports the isolation and sampling measures proposed for maintaining this cultivar or landrace during seed multiplication?", "kind": "action", "id": "reproductive-evidence-and-isolation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "quinoa-origin-and-local-adaptation", "name": "Quinoa origin and local adaptation", "description": "Connect geographic provenance and ecotype descriptions to evidence of performance at a particular site.", "rationale": "The species' geographic breadth and ecotype diversity do not establish that every accession suits every quinoa-growing environment.", "layers": [ { "id": "range-and-germplasm-origin", "name": "Range and germplasm origin", "description": "Distinguish species-level native range from collection locality and subsequent cultivation.", "findings": [ { "id": "native-range-versus-occurrence", "name": "Native range versus occurrence", "description": "Kew gives the native range as Ecuador to northwestern Argentina; a particular occurrence still needs evidence of its origin and establishment context. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A165175-1)", "questions": [ { "text": "Where and when was this accession collected, and what cultivation or exchange history is documented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "native-range-versus-occurrence-q01" }, { "text": "Is the recorded occurrence planted, escaped, naturalized or interpreted as native, and what evidence supports that interpretation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "native-range-versus-occurrence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ecotype-and-site-fit", "name": "Ecotype and site fit", "description": "Use ecotype as a contextual descriptor and require accession-specific evidence for planting decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "demonstrated-environmental-fit", "name": "Demonstrated environmental fit", "description": "FAO describes valley, altiplano, salar, sea-level and subtropical ecotypes with differing growing characteristics; these categories guide comparison but do not substitute for local trials. [FAO Ecocrop](https://ecocrop.apps.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=2509)", "questions": [ { "text": "Who assigned the accession's ecotype, and which provenance or trial observations support that assignment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "demonstrated-environmental-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Which measured temperature, day-length, water and soil conditions supported establishment and mature seed production?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "demonstrated-environmental-fit-q02" }, { "text": "What additional trial is needed before recommending this accession for the proposed site?", "kind": "action", "id": "demonstrated-environmental-fit-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "quinoa-health-and-germplasm-stewardship", "name": "Quinoa health and germplasm stewardship", "description": "Assess current biological condition, seed traits and evidence needed to maintain viable, traceable material.", "rationale": "Cultivation decisions and conservation decisions depend on different evidence and must remain distinguishable even when they concern the same accession.", "layers": [ { "id": "stress-diagnosis-and-response", "name": "Stress diagnosis and response", "description": "Evaluate damage and performance relative to accession, developmental stage and measured exposure.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-stress-not-assumed-tolerance", "name": "Observed stress response", "description": "Treat tolerance as a claim requiring documented conditions, affected stages and outcomes; an ecotype label alone cannot establish the cause of poor growth.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which symptoms and exposure measurements support a diagnosis of water, salt, temperature, nutrient or biotic stress?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-stress-not-assumed-tolerance-q01" }, { "text": "Which locally supported intervention or diagnostic test is appropriate for the affected accession and developmental stage?", "kind": "action", "id": "observed-stress-not-assumed-tolerance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "seed-traits-and-conservation", "name": "Seed traits and conservation", "description": "Preserve measured accession traits and distinguish germplasm stewardship from formal species threat assessments.", "findings": [ { "id": "saponin-trait-evidence", "name": "Saponin trait evidence", "description": "FAO recognizes sweet quinoa varieties with low saponin content; preserve the designation separately from any quantitative assay. [FAO variety groups](https://www.fao.org/quinoa-2013/what-is-quinoa/varieties/variety-groups-by-origin-and-use/en/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the sweet or bitter designation supplied by a grower, an accession record or a measured saponin assay?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "saponin-trait-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What saponin concentration was measured, in which tissue and on what moisture basis, before or after which treatment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "saponin-trait-evidence-q02" } ] }, { "id": "conservation-unit-and-regeneration", "name": "Conservation unit and regeneration", "description": "Keep species assessment, local population condition and accession maintenance separate; missing assessment evidence must remain explicitly unresolved.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does a verified conservation assessment apply to the species or a narrower unit, and what are its authority, category and assessment year?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "conservation-unit-and-regeneration-q01" }, { "text": "What viability, seed quantity and identity evidence justifies storage, regeneration or additional collection of this accession?", "kind": "action", "id": "conservation-unit-and-regeneration-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The five ecotype groups are agronomic categories, not formal taxonomic varieties; their boundaries and terminology vary.", "Native range should be checked separately from the domestication region and modern cultivation range.", "Exact database identifiers and any IUCN assessment category and year require verification; none is asserted here." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Chenopodium quinoa this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Highland or Altiplano ecotypes", "Inter-Andean valley ecotypes", "Salt-flat or salares ecotypes", "Sea-level ecotypes", "Subtropical or Yungas ecotypes" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Chenopodium quinoa this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Chenopodium quinoa Willd.", "note": "Species name with botanical author abbreviation for Carl Ludwig Willdenow; published in 1798." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon key", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxon identifier", "note": "The species-level key should be verified against the GBIF taxonomic backbone." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric Taxonomy ID", "note": "Distinguishes the species record from accessions, cultivars and individual sequence records." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Chenopodium quinoa this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Seeds cooked whole or processed into flour and other foods.", "Leaves consumed as a vegetable in some communities.", "Plant material used as livestock feed.", "Crop breeding and research on adaptation to salinity, drought and contrasting elevations." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Chenopodium quinoa this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Seed-coat saponins can impart pronounced bitterness; food processing commonly removes or reduces them.", "Downy mildew can damage crops and reduce yield.", "Heat during flowering can impair seed set.", "Waterlogging and poorly drained soils can impair establishment and growth.", "Seed shattering can cause harvest losses." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Chenopodium quinoa this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Andean farmers distinguish numerous landraces adapted to local elevations, rainfall patterns and soils.", "Southern Andean salt-flat populations include material adapted to saline soils and dry conditions.", "Chilean lowland material differs in environmental adaptation from many highland Andean populations." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Chenopodium quinoa this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Quinoa as food", "difference": "The food is harvested seed or a processed product; Chenopodium quinoa denotes the organism species across all life stages." }, { "name": "Chenopodium pallidicaule", "difference": "Kañiwa is a separate cultivated Andean species, not a quinoa cultivar." }, { "name": "Chenopodium album", "difference": "Common lambsquarters is a distinct taxon; membership in the same genus does not make it quinoa." }, { "name": "Cereal grasses", "difference": "True cereals belong to Poaceae; quinoa belongs to Amaranthaceae and is called a pseudocereal because of how its seeds are used." }, { "name": "A quinoa population or individual", "difference": "A population is a local or breeding group and an individual is one plant; the species encompasses many such groups and plants." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Chenopodium quinoa this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which current GBIF and NCBI taxon identifiers correspond to the accepted species concept, and do their synonym treatments agree?", "Is there a current IUCN assessment for Chenopodium quinoa; if so, what are its category, assessment year and scope?", "Which validated diagnostic characters or molecular methods reliably separate quinoa from the related Chenopodium taxa encountered in each intended region?", "What accession-specific flower sexual expression, outcrossing evidence and isolation requirements should govern seed multiplication?", "Which local trials establish developmental timing, stress limits, seed-storage performance and regeneration criteria for the accessions this model will support?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Chenopodium quinoa, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognize Chenopodium quinoa, assess the condition and suitability of its living material, and select evidence-based cultivation, propagation or conservation actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Chenopodium quinoa, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Chenopodium quinoa from another, and a Chenopodium quinoa from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Chenopodium quinoa sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Chenopodium quinoa from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Chenopodium quinoa is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Chenopodium quinoa and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Chenopodium quinoa is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Chenopodium quinoa is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Chenopodium quinoa is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Chenopodium quinoa moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Chenopodium quinoa passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Chenopodium quinoa between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Chenopodium quinoa, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Chenopodium quinoa is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Chenopodium quinoa is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Chenopodium quinoa, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Chenopodium quinoa from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Chenopodium quinoa from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Chenopodium quinoa does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Chenopodium quinoa pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Chenopodium quinoa judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Chenopodium quinoa lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Chenopodium quinoa, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Chenopodium quinoa hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Chenopodium quinoa came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Chenopodium quinoa and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Chenopodium quinoa is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Chenopodium quinoa, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Chenopodium quinoa, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Chenopodium quinoa is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }