{ "model": { "rank": 5066, "code": "thing-q14079", "model_id": "vr.tr.liana", "name": "liana", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a liana, assess its condition and dependence on supporting vegetation, and judge whether monitoring or intervention is appropriate.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q14079/", "tier": 2, "score": 70, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Trachelospermum jasminoides", "Cynanchum cathayense" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 70, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.liana", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q14079", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14079", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:35:13Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08817-d53c-7223-99df-cdb3db3f19bc\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: liana\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registere", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 55.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08817-d535-7411-92c3-27c3314fbb68\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: liana\nRegistry id: vr.tr.liana\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q14079", "registryId": "vr.tr.liana", "name": "liana", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q14079/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.liana", "name": "liana", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a liana, assess its condition and dependence on supporting vegetation, and judge whether monitoring or intervention is appropriate.", "definition": "A liana is a woody climbing plant that remains rooted in the ground and uses other plants or structures for support as it grows toward available light.", "scope_statement": "This model owns liana as a woody climbing plant growth form and its expression in individual plants, including rooted stems, climbing structures and relationships with supports; it does not treat liana as a single taxon.", "in_scope": [ "Recognition of woody climbing growth and its distinction from other plant growth forms", "Individual identity, rooted stems and uncertainty about clonal connections", "Climbing mechanisms, support relationships and canopy position", "Growth, reproduction, damage and regeneration", "Local habitat, interactions with supporting plants and intervention context" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete taxonomic descriptions and conservation assessments of particular species", "Whole-forest composition, carbon accounting and succession", "Independent health assessments of supporting trees", "Herbaceous vines that do not meet the adopted woody-climber definition", "Harvested cane, fibre, medicines and other products derived from lianas" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Determine whether persistent climbing stems are woody; climbing alone does not distinguish a liana from a herbaceous vine.", "Establish whether the plant uses external support for its climbing architecture rather than maintaining the self-supporting form of a tree or shrub.", "Trace rooting and attachment separately: occupying a tree does not by itself establish an epiphytic or parasitic relationship.", "Treat liana as a growth-form classification attached to an identified plant, rather than as a species name.", "Assess young or unsupported shoots in the context of later growth; their current posture alone may not establish or exclude liana identity." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Growth-form determination", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "confirmed woody climber | provisional woody climber | excluded | unresolved, with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents ordinary vines, shrubs and plants merely resting on trees from being classified without supporting observations." }, { "name": "Taxonomic identification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "identified taxon with identification source, date and confidence; unresolved where necessary", "why_it_matters": "Species-dependent expectations and conservation information cannot be assigned from the word liana alone." }, { "name": "Rooting and stem connectivity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "observed rooting points, connected stems and uncertain connections", "why_it_matters": "Several visible stems may not represent several independent plants." }, { "name": "Climbing mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "stem twining | tendrils | attachment roots | hooks or spines | scrambling | mixed | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "The attachment mechanism affects recognition, support use and the consequences of detachment." }, { "name": "Stem diameter", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm or cm, with measurement position, stem identity and protocol", "why_it_matters": "Size comparisons require a repeatable position on stems that may bend, branch or lie along the ground." }, { "name": "Support occupancy", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "identified supports, attachment locations and observed crown connections", "why_it_matters": "One liana may connect multiple supports, making its extent and intervention consequences difficult to infer from its base." }, { "name": "Life and damage state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "living | partly dead | dead | unresolved, with rooted, severed, fallen and resprouting observations", "why_it_matters": "Stem damage, canopy persistence and regeneration must be assessed separately." }, { "name": "Reproductive condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "vegetative | flowering | fruiting | multiple states | not observable, with observation date", "why_it_matters": "Reproductive material can support identification and inform monitoring or intervention timing." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a candidate plant as a confirmed or provisional liana using recorded growth-form evidence.", "Trace and map rooted stems, attachments and supporting plants while preserving uncertain connections.", "Monitor stem growth, canopy access, reproduction and recovery after disturbance.", "Evaluate observed interactions with supports without assuming that attachment implies parasitism or damage.", "Compare retention, monitoring, support management and cutting against a stated objective and site-specific constraints.", "Plan follow-up observations for surviving rooted portions and suspended material after intervention." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "woody-climber-identity", "name": "Woody climber identity", "description": "Establish whether the observed plant expresses the liana growth form and what biological identity can be assigned.", "rationale": "Liana describes a growth form, so recognition must precede species-specific interpretation.", "layers": [ { "id": "growth-form-boundary", "name": "Growth-form boundary", "description": "Test woodiness and dependence on external support.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-for-liana-classification", "name": "Evidence for liana classification", "description": "Record the observations supporting classification, including uncertainty in juvenile or unsupported plants.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observable evidence establishes persistent woody stems and climbing growth?", "kind": "definition", "id": "evidence-for-liana-classification-q01" }, { "text": "What distinguishes this specimen from a herbaceous vine, scrambling shrub or self-supporting tree under the adopted definition?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "evidence-for-liana-classification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxon-and-individual", "name": "Taxon and individual", "description": "Separate growth-form identity, taxonomic identification and the boundaries of the observed plant.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-and-connectivity-evidence", "name": "Identity and connectivity evidence", "description": "Attach identification evidence to observed stems without assuming that nearby stems are independent individuals.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which identification record, specimen or diagnostic observation supports the assigned taxon, and who made the identification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-and-connectivity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which stems are demonstrably connected, and where does individual or clonal identity remain unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-and-connectivity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "climbing-and-support-network", "name": "Climbing and support network", "description": "Describe how the liana attaches, reaches the canopy and spans supporting vegetation.", "rationale": "A liana's architecture extends through other plants, so its rooted location alone does not describe its extent.", "layers": [ { "id": "attachment-mechanics", "name": "Attachment mechanics", "description": "Record the structures and contacts used for climbing.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-climbing-mechanism", "name": "Observed climbing mechanism", "description": "Distinguish active attachment structures from stems merely resting on or entangled with vegetation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which structures provide attachment: twining stems, tendrils, roots, hooks, spines or scrambling branches?", "kind": "definition", "id": "observed-climbing-mechanism-q01" }, { "text": "At which observed contacts is the liana attached, resting freely or entangled, and how was that determined?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-climbing-mechanism-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "root-to-crown-extent", "name": "Root-to-crown extent", "description": "Trace visible pathways from rooting points through supports to foliage-bearing portions.", "findings": [ { "id": "support-and-canopy-map", "name": "Support and canopy map", "description": "Record occupied supports and crown connections with explicit limits on visibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which supports and crowns can be connected to the observed rooted stem by direct tracing?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "support-and-canopy-map-q01" }, { "text": "Where do inaccessible foliage, crossing stems or hidden attachments prevent a reliable extent estimate?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "support-and-canopy-map-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "growth-vitality-and-renewal", "name": "Growth, vitality and renewal", "description": "Assess living condition, repeatable growth measures and renewal after stem or support disturbance.", "rationale": "A damaged climbing stem, its rooted portion and its suspended crown can have different observed states.", "layers": [ { "id": "repeatable-growth-observations", "name": "Repeatable growth observations", "description": "Make size and reproductive observations comparable across visits.", "findings": [ { "id": "stem-and-phenology-baseline", "name": "Stem and phenology baseline", "description": "Associate measurements with identifiable stem locations and dated reproductive observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where and under which protocol is each stem diameter measured, especially around bends, branching or irregular cross-sections?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stem-and-phenology-baseline-q01" }, { "text": "Which dated observations establish new growth, flowering or fruiting, and which canopy portions were observable?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stem-and-phenology-baseline-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "damage-and-regeneration", "name": "Damage and regeneration", "description": "Separate damage observations from evidence of death or recovery.", "findings": [ { "id": "post-disturbance-continuity", "name": "Post-disturbance continuity", "description": "Track rooted, severed, fallen and resprouting portions without assuming that one portion represents the whole plant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which portions remain rooted and living following cutting, breakage or support collapse?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "post-disturbance-continuity-q01" }, { "text": "What follow-up observations would establish mortality, resprouting or renewed climbing?", "kind": "action", "id": "post-disturbance-continuity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ecological-context-and-intervention", "name": "Ecological context and intervention", "description": "Relate the liana's observed site relationships to justified management choices.", "rationale": "Presence on a support does not by itself establish harm or justify removal.", "layers": [ { "id": "site-and-support-interactions", "name": "Site and support interactions", "description": "Record habitat context and evidence about interactions with vegetation and animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-effects-and-uses", "name": "Observed effects and uses", "description": "Separate observed shading, loading, damage and animal use from untested causal explanations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What site observations document crown coverage, support deformation, animal use or other interactions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-effects-and-uses-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes effects attributable to this liana from pre-existing support damage or shared environmental stress?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observed-effects-and-uses-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "management-decision-and-follow-up", "name": "Management decision and follow-up", "description": "Connect intervention choices to objectives, identification confidence and the mapped support network.", "findings": [ { "id": "justified-liana-management", "name": "Justified liana management", "description": "Record why retention, monitoring or intervention is appropriate and how its outcome will be checked.", "questions": [ { "text": "Given the management objective, taxon identification and local conservation context, what evidence supports retaining, monitoring or cutting this liana?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-liana-management-q01" }, { "text": "How will the action account for connected supports, suspended stems and possible regeneration, and what follow-up will verify the outcome?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-liana-management-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Liana denotes a growth form found in multiple plant families, not a species or a single taxonomic lineage; no single binomial, taxonomic authority or conservation assessment applies.", "Climbing mechanisms can overlap within a species, and terminology varies among botanical treatments.", "Native range, taxonomy identifiers, conservation status, dimensions and uses require identification of a particular species." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of liana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Stem-twining lianas", "Tendril-climbing lianas", "Root-climbing lianas", "Hook-climbing lianas", "Scrambling lianas" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of liana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Some species supply cane, fibre and material for basketry or binding.", "Some species produce edible fruits or other useful plant products.", "Lianas provide food, shelter and movement routes for forest animals.", "Liana abundance and growth are studied in forest ecology and carbon-cycle research." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of liana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Stem diameter", "typical_range": "Species- and age-dependent; measurement height and treatment of irregular stems must be specified.", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Stem density", "typical_range": "Habitat- and sampling-dependent; counts require a stated minimum stem diameter and rooting criterion.", "unit": "stems/ha" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of liana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Competition for light, water and nutrients can reduce host-tree growth and reproduction.", "Heavy liana loads can contribute to branch breakage and tree instability.", "Connections between tree crowns can transmit disturbance when a supporting tree falls.", "Some liana species become invasive outside their native ranges.", "Toxicity, irritant sap and thorns are species-specific hazards." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of liana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Lianas are especially diverse and abundant in tropical forests but also occur in temperate forests.", "Species composition and abundance vary with rainfall seasonality, forest disturbance and the availability of supports.", "The terms liana and vine overlap in ordinary usage; vine can also include herbaceous climbers." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of liana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Herbaceous vine", "difference": "A liana has persistent woody stems; a herbaceous vine lacks that woody growth form." }, { "name": "Epiphyte", "difference": "A liana remains rooted in the ground; an epiphyte grows on another plant without a direct root connection to the ground." }, { "name": "Hemiepiphyte", "difference": "A hemiepiphyte has an epiphytic phase during its life history; a liana develops as a ground-rooted woody climber." }, { "name": "Parasitic plant", "difference": "Parasitism involves obtaining resources through a physiological connection to a host; using a tree for climbing support does not itself constitute parasitism." }, { "name": "Tree", "difference": "A tree normally supports its own elevated crown; a liana relies on external support to climb." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of liana this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which botanical definition should govern borderline cases such as woody scramblers, climbing palms and plants whose growth form changes with age?", "Which field protocol should govern diameter measurement and repeat identification of irregular, branching or prostrate liana stems?", "What level of evidence is sufficient to distinguish separate individuals from connected or clonal stems in the intended use setting?", "Which taxon-specific and regional sources are needed to establish native status, conservation significance and regeneration behaviour for an identified liana?", "What observations and comparison methods are sufficient to attribute support-tree decline or structural risk to a particular liana?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 15, "questions": 23 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a liana, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a liana, assess its condition and dependence on supporting vegetation, and judge whether monitoring or intervention is appropriate.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Trachelospermum jasminoides, Cynanchum cathayense.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a liana, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Trachelospermum jasminoides", "Cynanchum cathayense" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one liana from another, and a liana from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a liana sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a liana from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a liana is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a liana and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a liana is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a liana is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a liana is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a liana moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a liana passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a liana between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a liana, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a liana is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What liana is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of liana, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate liana from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish liana from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What liana does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does liana pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of liana judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where liana lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of liana, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does liana hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a liana came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a liana and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a liana is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a liana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a liana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a liana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }