{ "model": { "rank": 5887, "code": "thing-q144412", "model_id": "vr.tr.opuntia-ficus-indica", "name": "Opuntia ficus-indica", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Opuntia ficus-indica, assess a plant's condition and reproductive potential, and select justified cultivation, harvesting or containment actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q144412/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Bastarduna di Calatafimi" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q144412", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144412", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:51:50Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01365542, "turns": 1, "seconds": 155.2, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 114.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b45-678a-7ea1-b21b-bdec88f0f1cf\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Opuntia ficus-indica\nRegistry id: vr.tr.opuntia-ficus-indica\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into thi" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q144412", "registryId": "vr.tr.opuntia-ficus-indica", "name": "Opuntia ficus-indica", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q144412/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.opuntia-ficus-indica", "name": "Opuntia ficus-indica", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Opuntia ficus-indica, assess a plant's condition and reproductive potential, and select justified cultivation, harvesting or containment actions.", "definition": "Opuntia ficus-indica is a Mexican-origin cultigen cactus (Cactaceae), typically an arborescent, predominantly octoploid plant with large flattened cladodes, domesticated from wild prickly-pear lineages in the Opuntia megacantha-streptacantha complex and grown worldwide as the commercial source of nopal pads and cactus-pear fruit.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the evidence and decision-relevant characteristics of living Opuntia ficus-indica plants, including attached organs and propagules while their viability and parentage remain relevant, under registry entry vr.tr.opuntia-ficus-indica in PHY / PHY.OBJ.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification, cultivar attribution and uncertainty about cultivated or escaped material", "Cladode architecture, areoles, spines, glochids and structural integrity", "Root-zone conditions, hydration, seasonal growth and stress", "Flowering, fruit development, seed production and vegetative establishment", "Plant health, intended use, harvest readiness and handling constraints", "Local establishment, spread pathways and plant-specific management decisions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Taxonomy and identification models for other Opuntia species", "Orchard infrastructure, irrigation equipment and farm business management", "Independent biology and population models of cochineal insects, pollinators and pathogens", "Postharvest food processing, packaged products and medicinal preparations", "Livestock physiology and complete feed-ration formulation", "Landscape ecosystem dynamics and jurisdiction-wide biosecurity policy" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Inspect mature cladode outline: elongated, elliptic or obovate pads support O. ficus-indica over the almost circular pads characteristic of O. robusta; combine this with other characters. [Identification comparison](https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/opuntia_robusta.htm)", "Measure several mature pads and record mature habit: the identification key describes O. ficus-indica pads commonly 30-60 cm long, whereas O. stricta generally has smaller pads and a lower shrubby habit; these are supporting comparisons, not absolute cutoffs. [Identification comparison](https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/opuntia_robusta.htm)", "Inspect pad surface with magnification: a velvety covering favours O. tomentosa over O. ficus-indica. [Identification comparison](https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/opuntia_robusta.htm)", "Record pad thickness and orientation during fruiting: relatively thin, drooping segments suggest O. monacantha and require comparison against O. ficus-indica. [Identification comparison](https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/opuntia_robusta.htm)", "Check multiple areoles for both large spines and small glochids; do not identify a plant or declare it safe to handle solely because it appears spineless. [Species account](https://tropicalforages.info/text/entities_app/opuntia_ficusindica.htm)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | provisional | expert-supported | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether species-specific harvesting, propagation or containment decisions have sufficient identification evidence." }, { "name": "Cultivar and propagation lineage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named cultivar or accession, parent plant or seed lot, supplier and supporting record; unknown allowed", "why_it_matters": "Connects observed traits and intended use to traceable material without treating a nursery label as proof." }, { "name": "Cladode dimensions and cohort", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Length and width in cm, thickness in mm, with pad position and estimated age", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification, growth comparison, hydration assessment and selection of pads for harvest or propagation." }, { "name": "Areole armature", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Large spines per sampled areole, maximum spine length in mm, and observed glochid presence", "why_it_matters": "Separates conspicuous spines from fine handling hazards and records variation between organs." }, { "name": "Rooting and attachment state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Attached pad | detached unrooted pad | callusing cutting | rooted cutting | established plant", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes plant continuity, propagation readiness and potential spread by detached material." }, { "name": "Cladode hydration condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Firm | wrinkled | flaccid | collapsed | uncertain, with dated photographs", "why_it_matters": "Provides repeatable observations for investigating water stress without diagnosing from appearance alone." }, { "name": "Root-zone moisture and drainage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Volumetric water content in %, sampling depth in cm, and duration of saturation in hours when measured", "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions about watering and investigation of root-zone deterioration." }, { "name": "Thermal exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Minimum and maximum temperature in °C, exposure duration in hours and sensor location", "why_it_matters": "Connects damage or growth interruption to actual conditions rather than an assumed universal tolerance." }, { "name": "Organ-specific phenology", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "New pad growth | floral bud | flowering | fruit set | fruit enlargement | ripening | postharvest", "why_it_matters": "Allows simultaneous stages on one plant and makes interventions sensitive to the organ concerned." }, { "name": "Fruit readiness observations", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Fruit mass in g, soluble solids in °Brix, firmness with stated method, and cultivar-specific colour category", "why_it_matters": "Supports harvest decisions without imposing a single ripe colour or sweetness threshold." }, { "name": "Damage and infestation extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Affected pads divided by inspected pads, lesion area in %, and dated pest observations", "why_it_matters": "Makes deterioration and response to management comparable over time." }, { "name": "Establishment context", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Contained cultivation | planted outdoors | escaped recruitment | naturalised stand | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Changes the evidence needed before propagation, movement, retention or removal." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and document a plant using mature pads, areoles, reproductive organs and provenance, escalating ambiguous specimens for expert assessment.", "Monitor hydration, root-zone conditions and damage to choose and evaluate irrigation, drainage or protection measures.", "Select, trace and establish suitable propagation material where local conditions and restrictions permit.", "Assess fruit or young cladodes for a specified harvest use and select handling precautions appropriate to their armature and condition.", "Inspect, sample and isolate suspect pest-affected material before selecting a diagnosis-dependent response.", "Survey recruitment and manage detached pads, fruit and removed plants to reduce unwanted establishment." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "griffith-2004", "title": "The origins of an important cactus crop, Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae): new molecular evidence - American Journal of Botany (Botanical Society of America), 2004", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Cultigen status, Mexican origin, and derivation from wild Opuntia of the megacantha-streptacantha group rather than an Old World native." }, { "id": "fao-icarda-2017", "title": "Crop Ecology, Cultivation and Uses of Cactus Pear - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and ICARDA, 2017 (eds. Inglese, Mondragon, Nefzaoui, Sáenz)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Crop uses (fruit, cladodes, forage, cochineal, hedges), cultivar classes, cultivation ranges, and fruit/cladode quality measures." }, { "id": "nobel-2002", "title": "Cacti: Biology and Uses - University of California Press, 2002 (ed. Park S. Nobel)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Physiology, drought and frost limits, cladode water relations, and agronomic biology of Opuntia as a CAM crop." }, { "id": "anderson-2001", "title": "The Cactus Family - Timber Press, 2001 (Edward F. Anderson)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Family placement, morphological diagnosis against other opuntioids, and cultivated versus wild habit." }, { "id": "kew-powo", "title": "Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. - Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Accepted scientific name, authorship (L.) Mill., and current taxonomic treatment." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-cultivated-variation", "name": "Identity and cultivated variation", "description": "Separate species recognition from cultivar labels and unresolved similarity to other prickly pears.", "rationale": "Planting, harvesting and containment decisions depend on recognising the material without assuming that all cultivated prickly pears are this species.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnostic-evidence", "name": "Diagnostic evidence", "description": "Combine observations across mature pads, areoles, plant habit and reproductive structures.", "findings": [ { "id": "species-assignment", "name": "Species assignment", "description": "Record the observations, identification reference and reviewer supporting or challenging an O. ficus-indica assignment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed pad, surface, areole and reproductive characters distinguish this specimen from locally occurring O. robusta, O. stricta, O. monacantha or O. tomentosa?", "kind": "definition", "id": "species-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Which missing or conflicting characters require the identification to remain provisional?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "species-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivar-and-lineage", "name": "Cultivar and lineage", "description": "Track cultivated identity independently from observed appearance.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-provenance", "name": "Material provenance", "description": "Associate cultivar claims with accession records and the actual route by which the plant was propagated.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which supplier, accession or parent-plant record supports the cultivar name and intended fruit, vegetable, fodder or host-plant use?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "material-provenance-q01" }, { "text": "Was this plant raised from a cutting or seed, and what evidence supports continuity with the named parent material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "material-provenance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cladode-body-and-water-state", "name": "Cladode body and water state", "description": "Represent the plant as a connected, changing system of pads, supporting stems and roots.", "rationale": "Pad identity and condition determine what can be removed, propagated or treated; drought adaptation does not establish the needs of a particular plant. [FAO ecophysiology](https://www.fao.org/4/Y2808E/y2808e06.htm)", "layers": [ { "id": "pad-architecture", "name": "Pad architecture", "description": "Distinguish young growth, mature supporting pads and detached material.", "findings": [ { "id": "organ-continuity-and-support", "name": "Organ continuity and support", "description": "Record pad connections, age classes, rooting and load-bearing damage before removal or propagation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which pads support new growth or fruit, and where are cracks, weak joints or unsupported branches present?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "organ-continuity-and-support-q01" }, { "text": "When a pad detaches or roots independently, should it be tracked as a propagule or as a new plant linked to its parent?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "organ-continuity-and-support-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "water-and-exposure", "name": "Water and exposure", "description": "Connect changes in pad condition to root-zone moisture and environmental exposure.", "findings": [ { "id": "hydration-and-stress-assessment", "name": "Hydration and stress assessment", "description": "Keep observed symptoms separate from explanations involving drought, saturation, temperature or root damage.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have pad thickness and firmness changed alongside measured root-zone moisture, drainage and temperature?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "hydration-and-stress-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports watering, improving drainage or protecting the plant, and which observation will show whether that action helped?", "kind": "action", "id": "hydration-and-stress-assessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "reproduction-and-harvest", "name": "Reproduction and harvest", "description": "Track flowering, fruit development and selection of pads for use or propagation.", "rationale": "Fruit, young cladodes and propagation pads require different readiness judgments and draw on the same plant. [FAO uses of Opuntia](https://www.fao.org/4/y2808e/y2808e04.htm)", "layers": [ { "id": "flower-to-fruit", "name": "Flower to fruit", "description": "Follow dated reproductive cohorts rather than assigning one stage to the entire plant.", "findings": [ { "id": "fruit-development-and-readiness", "name": "Fruit development and readiness", "description": "Relate flower counts, fruit retention and maturity observations to the cultivar and intended harvest.", "questions": [ { "text": "For each flowering cohort, what proportion sets and retains fruit, and what evidence identifies the causes of losses?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fruit-development-and-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Which cultivar-specific colour, firmness and soluble-solids observations justify harvesting this fruit for its intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "fruit-development-and-readiness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pad-allocation", "name": "Pad allocation", "description": "Distinguish pads retained for growth from those selected for vegetables, fodder or propagation.", "findings": [ { "id": "removal-and-establishment-choice", "name": "Removal and establishment choice", "description": "Record selection criteria and consequences for the donor plant and any resulting propagule.", "questions": [ { "text": "What age, dimensions, health and attachment position make this pad suitable for the proposed use?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "removal-and-establishment-choice-q01" }, { "text": "If it is selected for propagation, what evidence of wound condition, rooting readiness and donor health is required before planting?", "kind": "action", "id": "removal-and-establishment-choice-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "plant-health-and-contact", "name": "Plant health and contact", "description": "Assess damage, cochineal associations and contact hazards at the affected organ.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish deliberate cochineal use from damaging infestation and distinguish large-spine absence from handling readiness. [FAO regional cochineal assessment](https://www.fao.org/family-farming/detail/en/c/1637806/)", "layers": [ { "id": "damage-and-cochineal", "name": "Damage and cochineal", "description": "Document symptom distribution and insect identification without equating all white colonies with one species.", "findings": [ { "id": "biotic-damage-assessment", "name": "Biotic damage assessment", "description": "Separate observed colonies, lesions and collapse from confirmed causes and from intentional host-plant management.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sampling or expert identification distinguishes a suspected Dactylopius opuntiae infestation from Dactylopius coccus culture or another cause?", "kind": "definition", "id": "biotic-damage-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "How extensive and progressive is the damage, and what diagnosis supports isolation, treatment or removal of affected pads?", "kind": "action", "id": "biotic-damage-assessment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "armature-and-use-condition", "name": "Armature and use condition", "description": "Assess the actual contact surface and history of material proposed for handling or harvest.", "findings": [ { "id": "handling-and-harvest-eligibility", "name": "Handling and harvest eligibility", "description": "Record spines, glochids, deterioration and relevant treatment history before selecting handling or use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are large spines and glochids present on the pads or fruit being handled, including material labelled spineless?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "handling-and-harvest-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "What handling method and evidence about damage, contamination and prior treatments are required before this material enters its intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "handling-and-harvest-eligibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "establishment-and-containment", "name": "Establishment and containment", "description": "Locate the plant within cultivation, escape and local management contexts.", "rationale": "The species is cultivated and introduced across many regions, so location and observed recruitment must inform decisions about movement and retention. [Kew distribution](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/1151735-2)", "layers": [ { "id": "recruitment-pathways", "name": "Recruitment pathways", "description": "Observe new plants and trace plausible origins in seeds or detached pads.", "findings": [ { "id": "spread-evidence", "name": "Spread evidence", "description": "Separate a planted specimen from independently establishing offspring or fragments.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are newly rooted pads or seedlings appearing relative to parent plants, discarded material and cultivation boundaries?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "spread-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes intentional planting from vegetative escape or seed-derived recruitment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "spread-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "local-action-conditions", "name": "Local action conditions", "description": "Attach current local requirements and observed regeneration risk to proposed management actions.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-and-removal-decision", "name": "Movement and removal decision", "description": "Make planting, transport and removal conditional on location, identification and management purpose.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current local authority or land-management requirement applies to planting, moving or removing this identified material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "movement-and-removal-decision-q01" }, { "text": "How will removed pads and fruit be contained, and what follow-up inspection will establish whether regrowth or recruitment continues?", "kind": "action", "id": "movement-and-removal-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Spineless vegetable-nopal (nopal verdura) cultivars grown for young cladodes", "Spiny or semi-spiny traditional landraces retained as living fences or in feral stands", "Yellow- or white-fleshed fruit cultivars (gialla/blanca types)", "Red- to purple-fleshed fruit cultivars (rossa/sanguigna types)", "Dual-purpose forage cultivars managed as drought fodder", "Cochineal-host plantings grown for Dactylopius coccus rather than food", "Sicilian fruit landraces (Surfarina, Sanguigna, Muscaredda and related Etna types)", "Central Mexican nopalito landraces (Milpa Alta and related vegetable types)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Opuntia ficus-indica this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Scientific name (IPNI/POWO authorship)", "value_or_pattern": "Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.", "note": "Basionym Cactus ficus-indica L.; Miller transferred it to Opuntia." }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q144412", "note": "Item for the species as commonly treated in biodiversity databases." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "3714", "note": "Taxon identifier used in sequence databases." }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "19729", "note": "Integrated Taxonomic Information System taxonomic serial number." }, { "scheme": "USDA PLANTS", "value_or_pattern": "OPFI", "note": "Plants Database symbol for Opuntia ficus-indica." }, { "scheme": "EPPO plant code", "value_or_pattern": "OPUFI", "note": "EPPO Global Database code used in plant-health lists." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Opuntia ficus-indica this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "CITES Appendix II listing of Cactaceae, with annotations that exempt many artificially propagated Opuntia (subgenus Opuntia) cultivars from permit controls - CITES.", "Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) 'Ficodindia dell'Etna' for cactus pear fruit from defined Etna communes - European Union quality scheme.", "National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act listing of Opuntia ficus-indica as an invasive alien species, with control obligations - Republic of South Africa.", "Plant-health quarantine and surveillance for the cactus moth Cactoblastis cactorum on Opuntia hosts - USDA APHIS and other national plant-protection organisations.", "National quality specifications for fresh nopal cladodes and cactus pear as horticultural produce - Mexican Secretaría de Economía / agriculture standards system (NMX/NOM series for nopal and tuna)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Opuntia ficus-indica this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Harvested as fresh fruit (tuna, cactus pear, ficodindia, figue de Barbarie) in Mexico, the Mediterranean, Chile, Argentina, and California.", "Young cladodes sold as the vegetable nopal/nopalitos, especially in central Mexican markets and as a staple around Mexico City (Milpa Alta).", "Cut-and-carry or browsed drought fodder for cattle, sheep, and goats in semi-arid Mexico, Brazil, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa.", "Host plant for farmed cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) to produce carmine dye.", "Planted as living fences, erosion-control hedges, and nurse plants on degraded dryland soils.", "Processed into jams, juices, juices concentrates, and seed oil; glochids and spines make postharvest handling a distinct packing-house step." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Opuntia ficus-indica this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature plant height", "typical_range": "2-5 (occasionally to ~7)", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Cladode length", "typical_range": "30-60", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Fresh fruit mass", "typical_range": "100-200", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Somatic chromosome number", "typical_range": "2n = 88 (octoploid; some counts 66)", "unit": "chromosomes" }, { "quantity": "Cladode water content", "typical_range": "88-95", "unit": "% fresh mass" }, { "quantity": "Fruit soluble solids", "typical_range": "12-16", "unit": "°Brix" }, { "quantity": "Rainfed annual precipitation for commercial stands", "typical_range": "300-600", "unit": "mm year−1" }, { "quantity": "Frost damage threshold (mature plants)", "typical_range": "about −5 to −10", "unit": "°C" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Opuntia ficus-indica this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Glochids (and spines on non-spineless forms) cause mechanical injury, dermatitis, and oral irritation; they also contaminate fruit if not singed or brushed off.", "Calcium-oxalate raphides in cladodes irritate mucosa if pads are eaten raw or under-cooked.", "Cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum) can collapse stands; cochineal scale is a crop pest where dye is not the product.", "Mediterranean fruit fly and other tephritids infest ripe fruit in producing regions.", "Soft rot and cladode lesions after freeze, sunscald, or mechanical wounding.", "Invasiveness: feral plants form dense thickets that exclude forage and native vegetation, historically a rangeland crisis in South Africa and Australia.", "Spiny types injure livestock; spineless types are over-browsed if unfenced." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Opuntia ficus-indica this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Mexico treats the plant primarily as a vegetable (nopal) plus fruit (tuna), with named nopalito landraces and a large peri-urban industry around Mexico City.", "Sicily, Malta, and the Maghreb treat it primarily as a fruit crop (ficodindia / figue de Barbarie); Etna fruit has a PDO and local names track pulp colour.", "In Tigray and neighbouring Horn of Africa districts the plant is both famine food and forage (often called beles) and is also regarded as an invasive coloniser of rangeland.", "South Africa and Australia historically managed it as a declared weed with biological control, even while some spineless clones remain in fodder use.", "The English name 'Indian fig' is a Columbian-exchange misnomer (West Indies), not an indication of South Asian origin." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Opuntia ficus-indica this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Opuntia stricta (erect prickly pear)", "difference": "Smaller, typically spiny cladodes and a more shrubby habit; a major invasive in Australia and Africa, not the large nearly spineless cultigen grown as nopal/cactus pear. Ploidy is usually lower (often tetraploid) than cultivated O. ficus-indica." }, { "name": "Opuntia megacantha / O. streptacantha (wild Mexican prickly pears)", "difference": "Progenitor or sister wild forms: consistently heavily spined, often more arborescent-shrubby wild habit; cultivated O. ficus-indica is the largely spineless, selected cultigen from this complex, not a clean morphological species." }, { "name": "Opuntia cochenillifera (nopalito / cochineal cactus, formerly Nopalea)", "difference": "Flowers more tubular with exserted stamens (nopalea-type) rather than rotate Opuntia flowers; historically the preferred cochineal host. Cladodes and fruit are smaller than typical cactus-pear cultivars." }, { "name": "Opuntia engelmannii and related North American natives", "difference": "Native spiny shrubby prickly pears with different areole/spine patterning and usually smaller fruit; they lack the tree-like, large-pad, near-spineless cultigen habit of orchard O. ficus-indica." }, { "name": "Selenicereus/Hylocereus undatus (pitahaya / dragon fruit)", "difference": "A climbing, ribbed, non-padded cactus; fruit is a large scaly berry with leafy bracts, not an opuntioid tuna with glochid-bearing areoles. Confusion is market-name only ('cactus fruit')." }, { "name": "Austrocylindropuntia and other cylindrical opuntioids", "difference": "Stems are terete segments, not flattened cladodes; a hand-lens or even a glance at pad versus cylinder separates them from O. ficus-indica." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Opuntia ficus-indica this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which regional identification key and expert evidence reliably resolve ambiguous cultivated material, especially specimens labelled O. megacantha or lacking mature reproductive organs?", "Which cultivar- and site-specific measurements establish useful thresholds for drought stress, saturation injury, cold damage and recovery?", "What reproductive behaviour and pollination requirements apply to the particular cultivar, and how reliably can seed-derived offspring retain its claimed traits?", "Which local pest diagnostics and cultivar-resistance evidence justify a response to cochineal or unexplained pad collapse?", "Which locally validated harvest criteria, movement requirements and containment practices apply to this plant's intended use and location?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Opuntia ficus-indica, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Opuntia ficus-indica, assess a plant's condition and reproductive potential, and select justified cultivation, harvesting or containment actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Bastarduna di Calatafimi.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Opuntia ficus-indica, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Bastarduna di Calatafimi" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Opuntia ficus-indica from another, and a Opuntia ficus-indica from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Opuntia ficus-indica sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Opuntia ficus-indica from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Opuntia ficus-indica is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Opuntia ficus-indica and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Opuntia ficus-indica is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Opuntia ficus-indica is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Opuntia ficus-indica is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Opuntia ficus-indica moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Opuntia ficus-indica passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Opuntia ficus-indica between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Opuntia ficus-indica, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Opuntia ficus-indica is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Opuntia ficus-indica is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Opuntia ficus-indica, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Opuntia ficus-indica from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Opuntia ficus-indica from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Opuntia ficus-indica does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Opuntia ficus-indica pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Opuntia ficus-indica judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Opuntia ficus-indica lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Opuntia ficus-indica, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Opuntia ficus-indica hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Opuntia ficus-indica came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Opuntia ficus-indica and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Opuntia ficus-indica is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Opuntia ficus-indica, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Opuntia ficus-indica, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Opuntia ficus-indica is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }