{ "model": { "rank": 12431, "code": "thing-q1456832", "model_id": "vr.tr.violation-of-law", "name": "violation of law", "purpose": "Let an agent explain categories of legal violations and their consequences in general terms, help people understand their situation and find legal help, and describe historical or contested offences neutrally, without giving legal advice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q1456832/", "tier": 2, "score": 40, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Republikflucht", "escape of sportspeople from East Germany", "red light jumping", "misappropriation of public funds", "bodily harm", "insult", "right-wing violence", "insults and slander against the Institutions of the State", "insults to the Spanish crown", "verbal injury", "direction of a criminal organization", "election offence", "streaking", "wiretapping", "offense in Polish law", "criminal offence using ATMs or payment cards", "violation of human dignity", "offence against morality", "Dauerdelikt", "criminal offence", "delict", "delinquency", "violation of international law", "price gouging", "drug-related crime", "dark figure of crime", "violation of EU law", "crimes against life", "offense against personal freedom", "public offense", "délinquance", "Vollrausch", "administrative offense", "illegal party financing", "intellectual property infringement", "illicit activities of North Korea", "summary offence", "violation of rules of the road", "Zustandsdelikt", "offense against sexual self-determination" ], "aliasCount": 96, "merged": 97, "knownIn": 40, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q1456832", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456832", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T19:52:27Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1456832", "registryId": "vr.tr.violation-of-law", "name": "violation of law", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1456832/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.violation-of-law", "name": "violation of law", "purpose": "Let an agent explain categories of legal violations and their consequences in general terms, help people understand their situation and find legal help, and describe historical or contested offences neutrally, without giving legal advice.", "definition": "An act or omission that breaches a legal rule, whether a crime, an administrative offence, a civil wrong or a breach of contract, ranging from minor infractions such as traffic offences to serious crimes; violations are defined by the law of each jurisdiction and carry consequences from fines to imprisonment and civil liability.", "what_it_is_for": "Understanding breaches of law and their consequences.", "affordances": [ "classify a violation as criminal, administrative or civil", "explain typical consequences in general terms", "find legal help", "describe historical and politically defined offences neutrally" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Breach of law", "Defined by jurisdiction", "Graded by seriousness", "Legal consequences" ], "appearance": "Not physical; acts defined by law.", "visual_identification": [ "Breach of a legal rule", "Criminal, administrative or civil", "Breaches of etiquette are not violations of law" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "crimes", "administrative and regulatory offences", "civil wrongs and torts", "breaches of contract", "historically defined political offences" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "delict", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "transgression", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is defined by", "target": "sources of law", "why": "law" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "homicide", "why": "a serious crime" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Criminal and administrative codes", "Civil law on torts and contracts", "Human rights standards on fair trial" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Agents giving legal advice", "Prejudging guilt", "Presenting politically defined offences without context" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "classify", "name": "Classify", "description": "What kind of violation.", "rationale": "Categories differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "type", "name": "Type", "description": "Criminal, administrative or civil.", "findings": [ { "id": "type-finding", "name": "Type", "description": "Type.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this act a crime, an administrative offence or a civil wrong under this jurisdiction law, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking for advice on their own case?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "elements", "name": "Elements", "description": "What must be shown.", "findings": [ { "id": "elements-finding", "name": "Elements", "description": "Elements.", "questions": [ { "text": "What elements define this offence, such as intent and harm, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What defences exist in general?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequences", "name": "Consequences", "description": "What follows.", "rationale": "Proportionate responses.", "layers": [ { "id": "penalties", "name": "Penalties", "description": "Typical consequences.", "findings": [ { "id": "penalties-finding", "name": "Penalties", "description": "Consequences.", "questions": [ { "text": "What range of consequences does this type of violation carry, according to the law?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are alternatives such as mediation or diversion available?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "process", "name": "Process", "description": "Procedure.", "findings": [ { "id": "process-finding", "name": "Process", "description": "Procedure.", "questions": [ { "text": "What happens procedurally after an alleged violation, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which rights does the accused have?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "help", "name": "Help", "description": "Getting help.", "rationale": "Legal help.", "layers": [ { "id": "advice", "name": "Advice", "description": "Legal advice.", "findings": [ { "id": "advice-finding", "name": "Advice", "description": "Legal advice.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where can the person get regulated legal advice or legal aid?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is there urgency, such as detention?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "victims", "name": "Victims", "description": "Victims of violations.", "findings": [ { "id": "victims-finding", "name": "Victims", "description": "Victims.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can a victim report the violation and seek support or compensation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which victim support services exist?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "neutral", "name": "Neutral", "description": "Careful description.", "rationale": "Attribution and fairness.", "layers": [ { "id": "historical", "name": "Historical", "description": "Historical offences.", "findings": [ { "id": "historical-finding", "name": "Historical", "description": "Historical offences.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do historians describe offences defined by past regimes, such as leaving a state without permission?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the political context explained neutrally?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "guilt", "name": "Guilt", "description": "Presumption of innocence.", "findings": [ { "id": "guilt-finding", "name": "Guilt", "description": "Presumption of innocence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are accused people described as accused rather than guilty until conviction?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Are names of private individuals handled with care?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each category be a separate entry?", "How should legal aid be localised?", "How should historical offences be attributed?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a violation of law, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain categories of legal violations and their consequences in general terms, help people understand their situation and find legal help, and describe historical or contested offences neutrally, without giving legal advice.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Republikflucht, escape of sportspeople from East Germany, red light jumping, misappropriation of public funds, bodily harm, insult, right-wing violence, insults and slander against the Institutions of the State, insults to the Spanish crown, verbal injury, direction of a criminal organization, election offence.", "97 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 40 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a violation of law, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Republikflucht", "escape of sportspeople from East Germany", "red light jumping", "misappropriation of public funds", "bodily harm", "insult", "right-wing violence", "insults and slander against the Institutions of the State", "insults to the Spanish crown", "verbal injury", "direction of a criminal organization", "election offence" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 40 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 97 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one violation of law from another, and a violation of law from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a violation of law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a violation of law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a violation of law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a violation of law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a violation of law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a violation of law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a violation of law sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a violation of law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a violation of law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a violation of law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a violation of law from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a violation of law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a violation of law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a violation of law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a violation of law passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a violation of law between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a violation of law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a violation of law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a violation of law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a violation of law, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a violation of law is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a violation of law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a violation of law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a violation of law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a violation of law proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a violation of law, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a violation of law and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a violation of law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a violation of law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a violation of law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a violation of law consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a violation of law takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a violation of law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a violation of law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a violation of law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What violation of law is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of violation of law are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is violation of law operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of violation of law and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of violation of law?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as violation of law?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a violation of law came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a violation of law and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a violation of law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a violation of law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a violation of law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a violation of law is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a violation of law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a violation of law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a violation of law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }