{ "model": { "rank": 3900, "code": "thing-q145930", "model_id": "vr.tr.calendula-officinalis", "name": "Calendula officinalis", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify, assess and manage Calendula officinalis plants while distinguishing the species from similarly named plants and products derived from it.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q145930/", "tier": 2, "score": 80, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 80, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q145930", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145930", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:01:52Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0878b-2b57-7061-af7d-45e2d5474c24\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Calendula officinalis\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004:", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 73.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0878b-2b4f-7013-ae8a-93001996664c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Calendula officinalis\nRegistry id: vr.tr.calendula-officinalis\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into t" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q145930", "registryId": "vr.tr.calendula-officinalis", "name": "Calendula officinalis", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q145930/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.calendula-officinalis", "name": "Calendula officinalis", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify, assess and manage Calendula officinalis plants while distinguishing the species from similarly named plants and products derived from it.", "definition": "Calendula officinalis L., commonly called pot marigold, is a herbaceous flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, usually grown as an annual, with yellow to orange composite flower heads and curved, non-pappose fruits.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the organism-level identity, development, growing conditions, health and management of Calendula officinalis within vr.tr.calendula-officinalis, including individual plants and cultivated populations.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification and uncertainty, including separation from other plants called marigold", "Cultivar identity and variation in plant habit and flower-head form", "Plant development from germination through flowering and fruit maturation", "Growing conditions, reproduction and local establishment", "Plant health, cultivation interventions and suitability for a declared harvest purpose" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Other Calendula species and Tagetes species", "Commercial seed lots as packaged products and traded inventory", "Dried floral materials, extracts, oils and formulated products", "Clinical efficacy, prescribing and treatment protocols", "Garden designs, farm businesses and ecosystems as complete systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Resolve the scientific name to Calendula officinalis; a label saying only calendula or marigold does not establish species identity.", "Examine the simple leaves and their arrangement when separating a candidate from commonly confused Tagetes marigolds, which typically have divided leaves; confirm with a botanical key.", "Treat the apparent flower as a composite head: record its involucral bracts and ray and disc florets, allowing for cultivars with altered floret proportions.", "Inspect mature dry fruits for their curved forms and variation within a head; combine fruit, leaf and head characters rather than relying on orange or yellow colour.", "Separate Calendula officinalis from other Calendula species using an appropriate regional key; cultivated origin or large flower heads alone are insufficient." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic identification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "confirmed Calendula officinalis | provisional identification | unresolved Calendula | excluded", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether species-specific management and harvest decisions are justified." }, { "name": "Identification evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to photographs, mature-fruit observations, identification keys, determinations or voucher specimens", "why_it_matters": "Makes the identification reviewable, especially where common names or ornamental forms obscure diagnostic characters." }, { "name": "Cultivar or accession", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named cultivar or accession with supplier or collection provenance; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of differences in flower-head form, stature and reproductive performance." }, { "name": "Developmental stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "germinating | vegetative | budding | flowering | fruiting | senescent; concurrent stages permitted", "why_it_matters": "Determines which observations and interventions are appropriate." }, { "name": "Plant height", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cm, with date and measurement convention", "why_it_matters": "Tracks growth and helps distinguish expected cultivar habit from stress or lodging." }, { "name": "Flower-head form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Ray-floret colour, visible disc and single, semi-double or double form; descriptive record permitted", "why_it_matters": "Documents ornamental variation without mistaking cultivar differences for species differences." }, { "name": "Flowering activity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Open heads per plant or per m², with date and sampling basis", "why_it_matters": "Supports flowering assessment and harvest planning." }, { "name": "Root-zone conditions", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Measured or observed moisture and drainage, with method, depth and date", "why_it_matters": "Provides evidence for irrigation decisions and investigation of poor growth." }, { "name": "Health condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed symptoms, affected organs and severity; suspected and confirmed causes distinguished", "why_it_matters": "Supports proportionate intervention without treating symptoms as a diagnosis." }, { "name": "Reproductive outcome", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mature fruits per sampled head, germination percentage or volunteer seedlings per m², with method", "why_it_matters": "Separates flowering display from successful reproduction and local recruitment." }, { "name": "Intended plant use", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "ornamental | floral harvest | seed production | observation | other declared use", "why_it_matters": "Changes the criteria for deadheading, seed retention, intervention and harvest eligibility." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify a candidate plant and record the evidence needed to resolve confusion with Tagetes or other Calendula species.", "Track flowering, fruit maturation and senescence to choose observation, deadheading or seed-collection times.", "Adjust cultivation using observed plant responses and documented growing conditions.", "Investigate damage or disease symptoms and reassess the plant after an intervention.", "Select plants or flower heads for a declared harvest purpose using identity, condition and treatment history.", "Monitor self-sown seedlings and retain or remove them according to the site's planting objectives." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-cultivar", "name": "Identity and cultivar", "description": "Establish which botanical entity is present and which variation belongs within the species.", "rationale": "The common name marigold and variation among cultivated calendulas make unsupported labels unreliable.", "layers": [ { "id": "species-determination", "name": "Species determination", "description": "Connect the registered species to observable botanical evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-character-set", "name": "Diagnostic character set", "description": "Record leaves, flower-head structures and mature fruits together, with an explicit determination and confidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed characters and identification key support Calendula officinalis rather than Tagetes or another Calendula species?", "kind": "definition", "id": "diagnostic-character-set-q01" }, { "text": "Who made the determination, and which photographs or voucher specimen allow it to be checked?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "diagnostic-character-set-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivated-variation", "name": "Cultivated variation", "description": "Represent cultivar and accession differences without creating duplicate species models.", "findings": [ { "id": "cultivar-evidence", "name": "Cultivar evidence", "description": "Keep documented cultivar provenance separate from appearance-based guesses.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the cultivar or accession supported by a supplier record, collection record or maintained propagation history?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "cultivar-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which differences in head form, colour or growth habit can be attributed to the cultivar, and which remain unexplained?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "cultivar-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-flowering", "name": "Development and flowering", "description": "Describe the plant's progression and its overlapping vegetative, flowering and fruiting activity.", "rationale": "Calendula management depends on whether the objective is continued floral display, floral harvest or mature seed.", "layers": [ { "id": "establishment-and-growth", "name": "Establishment and growth", "description": "Track emergence, establishment and subsequent plant development.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-development-record", "name": "Dated development record", "description": "Anchor growth assessments to sowing or transplanting history and repeated observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "When was this plant sown or transplanted, and when were emergence and the first flower head observed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-development-record-q01" }, { "text": "How have height, branching and survival changed under the recorded growing conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dated-development-record-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "head-development", "name": "Head development", "description": "Distinguish buds, open heads, spent heads and fruit-bearing heads on the same plant.", "findings": [ { "id": "flowering-and-fruiting-balance", "name": "Flowering and fruiting balance", "description": "Record head stages so that cutting decisions reflect the intended outcome.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many heads are budding, open, spent or carrying maturing fruits on the sampled plants?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "flowering-and-fruiting-balance-q01" }, { "text": "Which heads should be retained for seed, removed after flowering or collected for the declared floral use?", "kind": "action", "id": "flowering-and-fruiting-balance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "growing-site-and-recruitment", "name": "Growing site and recruitment", "description": "Relate plant performance and new seedlings to local environmental conditions.", "rationale": "A useful model must distinguish a planted calendula from its subsequent recruitment and avoid assuming that performance transfers unchanged between climates.", "layers": [ { "id": "site-response", "name": "Site response", "description": "Connect light, temperature and root-zone conditions to observed growth and flowering.", "findings": [ { "id": "environmental-fit", "name": "Environmental fit", "description": "Use local observations to assess site suitability rather than prescribing unsupported universal thresholds.", "questions": [ { "text": "What light exposure, temperature conditions and soil moisture accompanied vigorous growth or reduced flowering?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "environmental-fit-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports changing irrigation, drainage, exposure or planting time at this site?", "kind": "action", "id": "environmental-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "seed-set-and-volunteers", "name": "Seed set and volunteers", "description": "Track mature fruits, germination and seedlings beyond the original planting.", "findings": [ { "id": "local-reproductive-establishment", "name": "Local reproductive establishment", "description": "Distinguish fruit production, viable seed and continuing recruitment as separate observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do sampled mature fruits germinate, and are new Calendula officinalis seedlings appearing without deliberate sowing?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "local-reproductive-establishment-q01" }, { "text": "Which volunteer plants fall within the intended planting area, and which require a retain-or-remove decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "local-reproductive-establishment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-cultivation", "name": "Health and cultivation", "description": "Assess plant condition and document interventions that affect survival, display or harvest.", "rationale": "Damage to foliage, roots or flower heads has different consequences for ornamental plants, floral crops and seed plants.", "layers": [ { "id": "symptoms-and-causes", "name": "Symptoms and causes", "description": "Separate visible damage from hypotheses about pests, pathogens or environmental stress.", "findings": [ { "id": "organ-specific-health-assessment", "name": "Organ-specific health assessment", "description": "Record affected organs, symptom progression and evidence supporting any diagnosis.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaves, stems, roots or flower heads are affected, and how extensive and progressive is the damage?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "organ-specific-health-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "What observation or diagnostic result supports the suspected cause rather than an alternative explanation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "organ-specific-health-assessment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "management-response", "name": "Management response", "description": "Connect interventions to a stated plant-management objective and subsequent response.", "findings": [ { "id": "intervention-and-reassessment", "name": "Intervention and reassessment", "description": "Record watering changes, thinning, support, deadheading or treatments with their timing and observed effects.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which intervention is justified by the observed condition and the objective of floral display, floral harvest or seed production?", "kind": "action", "id": "intervention-and-reassessment-q01" }, { "text": "What changed in plant condition or flowering after the intervention, and when was it reassessed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "intervention-and-reassessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "harvest-and-material-boundary", "name": "Harvest and material boundary", "description": "Support accountable collection while distinguishing the living plant from harvested materials and their later uses.", "rationale": "The identity of a calendula plant does not by itself establish the identity, quality or suitability of a derived ingredient or preparation.", "layers": [ { "id": "collection-eligibility", "name": "Collection eligibility", "description": "Assess the plant and selected organs against an explicitly declared collection purpose.", "findings": [ { "id": "purpose-specific-selection", "name": "Purpose-specific selection", "description": "Specify whether collection concerns whole heads, separated florets or mature fruits and what evidence is required.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organ and developmental stage does the intended collection require: whole flower heads, particular florets or mature fruits?", "kind": "definition", "id": "purpose-specific-selection-q01" }, { "text": "Do identification confidence, plant condition and exposure or treatment records meet the documented requirements for that collection?", "kind": "action", "id": "purpose-specific-selection-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "derived-material-handoff", "name": "Derived material handoff", "description": "Preserve traceability when collected organs become separately managed material.", "findings": [ { "id": "plant-to-material-traceability", "name": "Plant-to-material traceability", "description": "Link collected material to source plants and collection events while assigning processing and product claims to neighbouring models.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which plants or plot, collection date and selected organs identify the origin of the harvested material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "plant-to-material-traceability-q01" }, { "text": "At what handoff do drying, storage, extraction, composition and use-specific quality requirements become responsibilities of the material or product model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "plant-to-material-traceability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge; no sources were consulted.", "Cultivar categories overlap and are horticultural distinctions, not formal taxonomic subdivisions; dimensions vary with cultivar and growing conditions.", "Researchers should verify native-range claims and the current pharmacopoeial requirements; traditional use alone does not establish clinical efficacy." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Calendula officinalis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Single-flowered cultivars", "Semi-double-flowered cultivars", "Double-flowered cultivars", "Dwarf cultivars" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Calendula officinalis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Calendula officinalis L.", "note": "The binomial identifies the species; L. is the botanical author abbreviation for Linnaeus." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Calendula officinalis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, adopted through International Botanical Congresses, governs the scientific name.", "The European Pharmacopoeia, published by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare, includes a Calendula flower monograph for medicinal plant material." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Calendula officinalis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cultivated as an ornamental bedding and container plant.", "Ray florets used as edible garnishes and to colour foods.", "Flower material used in traditional herbal preparations.", "Flower extracts incorporated into cosmetic products." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Calendula officinalis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature plant height", "typical_range": "20-60", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Flower-head diameter", "typical_range": "3-7", "unit": "cm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Calendula officinalis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Susceptible to powdery mildew.", "Aphids can infest shoots and flower buds.", "Waterlogged growing conditions can promote root rot.", "Contact with the plant or its preparations can cause allergic reactions in susceptible people.", "The shared common name marigold can cause confusion with plants in the genus Tagetes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Calendula officinalis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Often grown as a summer annual in cooler climates and as a cool-season ornamental in warmer climates.", "Widely cultivated and locally naturalised; its original native range is less certain than its cultivated distribution." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Calendula officinalis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Calendula", "difference": "Calendula is the genus containing this species and other species." }, { "name": "Calendula arvensis", "difference": "Field marigold is a separate species, generally with smaller flower heads; reliable identification also uses fruit characters." }, { "name": "Tagetes", "difference": "Tagetes is a separate aster-family genus whose commonly cultivated marigolds typically have divided leaves, unlike the simple leaves of Calendula officinalis." }, { "name": "Calendula flower", "difference": "The herbal raw material is a harvested part of the plant subject to a preparation-specific definition, rather than the living species as a whole." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Calendula officinalis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative taxonomic treatment and regional key should govern identification, particularly separation from other Calendula species?", "Which cultivar-specific traits are reliably documented, and how consistently are they retained in seed-grown descendants?", "What locally supported temperature, moisture and seasonal conditions explain establishment, flowering duration and persistence?", "Does the species merely produce occasional volunteers at the intended site, or maintain a continuing population, and what local evidence establishes that distinction?", "Which organ definitions, treatment-history requirements and quality criteria apply to each proposed harvest use, and which belong in linked material models?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Calendula officinalis, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify, assess and manage Calendula officinalis plants while distinguishing the species from similarly named plants and products derived from it.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Calendula officinalis, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Calendula officinalis from another, and a Calendula officinalis from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Calendula officinalis sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Calendula officinalis from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Calendula officinalis is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Calendula officinalis and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Calendula officinalis is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Calendula officinalis is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Calendula officinalis is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Calendula officinalis moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Calendula officinalis passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Calendula officinalis between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Calendula officinalis, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Calendula officinalis is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Calendula officinalis is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Calendula officinalis, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Calendula officinalis from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Calendula officinalis from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Calendula officinalis does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Calendula officinalis pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Calendula officinalis judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Calendula officinalis lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Calendula officinalis, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Calendula officinalis hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Calendula officinalis came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Calendula officinalis and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Calendula officinalis is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Calendula officinalis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Calendula officinalis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Calendula officinalis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }