{ "model": { "rank": 3763, "code": "thing-q145992", "model_id": "vr.tr.picea-abies", "name": "Picea abies", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Picea abies, assess an individual tree in its site context, and identify appropriate observation, care or management actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q145992/", "tier": 2, "score": 82, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 82, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q145992", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145992", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T15:05:53Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 26, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c66-3f65-7060-bf6a-aa4562a938f1\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Picea abies\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 801 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 83.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c66-3f61-7431-b403-8eb888f67380\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Picea abies\nRegistry id: vr.tr.picea-abies\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q145992", "registryId": "vr.tr.picea-abies", "name": "Picea abies", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q145992/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.picea-abies", "name": "Picea abies", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Picea abies, assess an individual tree in its site context, and identify appropriate observation, care or management actions.", "definition": "Picea abies (L.) H.Karst., Norway spruce, is a species of evergreen conifer in the family Pinaceae, native to northern, central and eastern Europe, with singly borne, usually four-angled needles and pendent seed cones that fall intact.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the species-level identity of Picea abies (Norway spruce) and the observations needed to assess living individuals, while distinguishing species traits from provenance, cultivar, stand conditions and processed wood.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification from needles, shoots, buds, cones and growth form", "Individual dimensions, developmental stage and reproductive condition", "Provenance and whether occurrence is planted, naturally regenerated or uncertain", "Relationships between site conditions, establishment and growth", "Vitality, damage, pest evidence and management constraints" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The genus Picea and other spruce species as complete models", "Cultivars as independently registered horticultural entities", "Forest stands, habitats and forestry enterprises as management units", "Bark beetles, fungal pathogens and other associated organisms as species models", "Harvested timber, pulp, resin products and their processing", "Property rights, protected-area rules and harvesting permits as legal entities" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Needles attach singly to persistent woody pegs, leaving a rough twig after shedding; combine this character with others to distinguish spruce from superficially similar conifers.", "Needles are typically angular in cross-section and can be rolled between the fingers; record variation rather than treating this alone as species confirmation.", "Mature seed cones hang downward and have relatively thin scales; upright cones that disintegrate on the tree indicate a different identification pathway, including Abies.", "Assess mature cone dimensions and scale margins together with needle and shoot characters when distinguishing Picea abies from other Picea species.", "A mature crown may show hanging secondary branchlets, but juvenile trees and cultivated forms require identification independent of crown silhouette." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unverified | provisional | expert-confirmed; supporting characters and evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a common name or spruce-like silhouette from being treated as a confirmed species record." }, { "name": "Provenance and establishment origin", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "seed source or planting record; planted | naturally regenerated | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates taxonomic identity from origin and supports interpretation of local performance." }, { "name": "Developmental stage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "seedling | sapling | established non-reproductive tree | reproductive tree; age estimate and method", "why_it_matters": "Determines which identification characters and management actions are applicable." }, { "name": "Tree dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "height in m; stem diameter in cm at a recorded measurement height; crown spread in m", "why_it_matters": "Supports growth tracking, space assessment and evaluation of exposure." }, { "name": "Needle and shoot characters", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "needle cross-section, attachment, colour, stomatal appearance, shoot hairiness and bud form", "why_it_matters": "Provides a repeatable identification record when cones are absent." }, { "name": "Seed-cone characters", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "length and width in cm, with maturity, orientation and scale shape recorded", "why_it_matters": "Supports species discrimination and interpretation of reproductive observations." }, { "name": "Rooting-site conditions", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "soil moisture, drainage, compaction and rooting restrictions, each with observation date and method", "why_it_matters": "Connects tree condition to water availability and anchorage constraints." }, { "name": "Crown vitality", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "needle retention, discoloration, shoot extension, leader condition and dieback distribution", "why_it_matters": "Allows deterioration to be detected without prematurely assigning a cause." }, { "name": "Damage and causal evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "observed symptom linked to suspected or confirmed agent, event or site stress", "why_it_matters": "Keeps bark-beetle, root-decay and environmental explanations distinct until supported." } ], "affordances": [ "Guide collection of diagnostic needle, twig and cone observations.", "Compare dated measurements and crown observations to detect changes in growth or vitality.", "Screen a planting location for rooting, moisture, exposure and space constraints.", "Triage symptoms for specialist inspection or diagnostic sampling.", "Assess whether propagation, retention, pruning or removal warrants further investigation and authorization." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "species-recognition", "name": "Species recognition", "description": "Evidence needed to identify Norway spruce and define the registry entry's taxonomic boundary.", "rationale": "Spruce identification requires combined characters, and a species record must not silently become a cultivar or individual-tree definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "vegetative-identification", "name": "Vegetative identification", "description": "Recognition using needles, attachment structures, shoots and buds.", "findings": [ { "id": "needle-twig-character-set", "name": "Needle and twig character set", "description": "Record the diagnostic character combination and competing identifications rather than relying on a single feature.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do needle attachment, cross-section, shoot surface and bud characters jointly support Picea abies?", "kind": "definition", "id": "needle-twig-character-set-q01" }, { "text": "Which other Picea species present locally remain plausible, and which observed character would separate them?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "needle-twig-character-set-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cones-and-taxonomic-boundary", "name": "Cones and taxonomic boundary", "description": "Reproductive identification evidence and limits of the species assignment.", "findings": [ { "id": "cone-supported-identification", "name": "Cone-supported identification", "description": "Link mature cone observations to an identification reference and flag material that needs specialist taxonomic review.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the mature cone dimensions, orientation and scale-margin characters, and were the cones attached to this tree?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cone-supported-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which identification reference or expert determination supports the species assignment, especially where Picea obovata or intermediate material is a concern?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "cone-supported-identification-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-reproduction", "name": "Development and reproduction", "description": "Individual growth, crown development and reproductive observations.", "rationale": "A seedling, a clipped ornamental and a mature cone-bearing spruce require different interpretation.", "layers": [ { "id": "growth-and-architecture", "name": "Growth and architecture", "description": "Dimensions and crown form interpreted through age and management history.", "findings": [ { "id": "developmental-growth-record", "name": "Developmental growth record", "description": "Track stem and crown development while distinguishing inherited form from damage, competition and pruning.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the tree's height, stem diameter, crown spread and recent leader extension, measured by which methods?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "developmental-growth-record-q01" }, { "text": "Does unusual crown form reflect a documented cultivar, leader damage, clipping or an unresolved cause?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "developmental-growth-record-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reproductive-cycle", "name": "Reproductive cycle", "description": "Seasonal reproductive structures, seed production and regeneration evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproduction-and-recruitment", "name": "Reproduction and recruitment", "description": "Separate observed cone production from demonstrated viable seed and established offspring.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which pollen-producing or seed-bearing structures were observed, at what developmental stage and date?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproduction-and-recruitment-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes seedlings produced locally from planted juveniles or seedlings of another conifer?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reproduction-and-recruitment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-site-fit", "name": "Provenance and site fit", "description": "Origin, establishment history and environmental conditions relevant to this spruce.", "rationale": "Species identity alone cannot establish whether a particular tree or seed source suits its location.", "layers": [ { "id": "origin-and-establishment", "name": "Origin and establishment", "description": "Geographic provenance and the route by which the individual became established.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-tree-origin", "name": "Documented tree origin", "description": "Keep seed-source provenance, nursery origin and local occurrence status as separate assertions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What planting, nursery or seed-lot records establish the individual's origin?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-tree-origin-q01" }, { "text": "Is this occurrence within a documented native population, a planting or subsequent natural regeneration?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "documented-tree-origin-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "water-roots-and-exposure", "name": "Water, roots and exposure", "description": "Site observations needed to interpret growth, water stress and anchorage.", "findings": [ { "id": "rooting-and-climate-context", "name": "Rooting and climate context", "description": "Assess water supply, drainage, rooting volume and exposure using local evidence rather than a universal suitability label.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measurements or observations describe seasonal soil moisture, drainage, compaction and available rooting depth?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "rooting-and-climate-context-q01" }, { "text": "Do local heat, drought, frost and wind records justify planting or retaining this provenance at this site?", "kind": "action", "id": "rooting-and-climate-context-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "vitality-and-damage", "name": "Vitality and damage", "description": "Crown decline, bark and stem evidence, root condition and interacting stresses.", "rationale": "Similar visible decline can have different causes and require different responses.", "layers": [ { "id": "crown-and-bark-evidence", "name": "Crown and bark evidence", "description": "Symptoms and signs relevant to needle loss, shoot decline and bark-colonising organisms.", "findings": [ { "id": "decline-cause-triage", "name": "Decline cause triage", "description": "Record symptom timing and distribution, and require causal evidence before attributing decline to Ips typographus or another agent.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have needle colour, retention, shoot growth and crown dieback changed across dated observations?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "decline-cause-triage-q01" }, { "text": "Do boring dust, entry holes, galleries or identified specimens support bark-beetle involvement, and what remains unconfirmed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "decline-cause-triage-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "roots-stem-and-stability", "name": "Roots, stem and stability", "description": "Evidence of decay, mechanical damage and changing anchorage conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "structural-condition-assessment", "name": "Structural condition assessment", "description": "Connect visible defects and disturbance history to the need for a qualified tree assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are root-plate movement, basal decay signs, cracks, root severance or recent changes in lean documented?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "structural-condition-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Do observed defects, recent exposure changes and nearby people or assets warrant specialist inspection or temporary access controls?", "kind": "action", "id": "structural-condition-assessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "care-and-use-decisions", "name": "Care and use decisions", "description": "Actions affecting the living tree, linked to its purpose and condition.", "rationale": "An ornamental spruce, a seed-source tree and a timber tree have different objectives without becoming different species.", "layers": [ { "id": "establishment-and-care", "name": "Establishment and care", "description": "Planting and maintenance decisions grounded in tree stage and site evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "care-objective-and-response", "name": "Care objective and response", "description": "Specify the intended benefit of care and the observations needed to judge its result.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the tree intended for ornamental display, timber production, seed collection, habitat provision or another documented purpose?", "kind": "definition", "id": "care-objective-and-response-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports watering, mulching, competition control or pruning, and how will the tree's response be checked?", "kind": "action", "id": "care-objective-and-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "retention-propagation-and-removal", "name": "Retention, propagation and removal", "description": "Decision boundaries for collecting reproductive material or ending the tree's standing life.", "findings": [ { "id": "intervention-boundaries", "name": "Intervention boundaries", "description": "Keep biological suitability, management objectives and authorization distinct when choosing interventions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What identity, provenance and tree-health evidence is needed before collecting this tree's seed or vegetative propagation material?", "kind": "action", "id": "intervention-boundaries-q01" }, { "text": "What condition evidence, seasonal ecological constraints and applicable permissions govern retention, felling or movement of potentially infested material?", "kind": "action", "id": "intervention-boundaries-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The entry describes the species, not an individual tree, timber grade or particular forestry provenance.", "Dimensions are approximate botanical ranges, not identification thresholds; dwarf cultivars fall outside the stated tree-height range.", "The boundary with Picea obovata and the treatment of intermediate populations warrant specialist taxonomic checking." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Picea abies this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Picea abies 'Nidiformis': dwarf cultivar with a nest-shaped crown", "Picea abies 'Inversa': weeping cultivar whose form depends strongly on training", "Picea abies 'Little Gem': compact dwarf cultivar" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Picea abies this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical scientific name under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants", "value_or_pattern": "Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.", "note": "Names the species; Norway spruce is its usual English common name." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Picea abies this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Structural timber and general construction wood.", "Pulpwood for paper manufacture.", "Selected resonant wood for soundboards of stringed musical instruments.", "Christmas trees.", "Ornamental planting, shelterbelts and forestry plantations." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Picea abies this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature tree height on suitable sites", "typical_range": "30-50", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Needle length", "typical_range": "10-25", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Mature seed cone length", "typical_range": "10-20", "unit": "cm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Picea abies this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Drought and heat stress can reduce growth and increase susceptibility to bark beetle attack.", "The European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, can kill trees during outbreaks.", "Heterobasidion fungi can cause root and butt rot, reducing timber quality and tree stability.", "Shallow rooting, especially on wet or restrictive soils, can increase vulnerability to windthrow.", "Late spring frosts can damage newly flushed shoots." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Picea abies this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Native populations occupy boreal forests in northern Europe and montane forests farther south.", "Widely planted beyond its native range; plantation occurrence should not be mistaken for native distribution.", "Populations differ in growth timing and climatic adaptation; northeastern populations intergrade with Siberian spruce, Picea obovata." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Picea abies this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Picea", "difference": "Picea is the spruce genus; Picea abies is one species within it." }, { "name": "Picea obovata", "difference": "Siberian spruce generally has shorter cones with more rounded cone scales; hybridization makes some individuals difficult to separate." }, { "name": "Abies alba", "difference": "Silver fir has upright cones that disintegrate on the tree and generally flattened needles; Norway spruce has pendent cones that fall intact and needles attached to persistent woody pegs." }, { "name": "Pinus sylvestris", "difference": "Scots pine bears needles in pairs, whereas Norway spruce bears needles singly." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Picea abies this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative taxonomic treatment should govern the boundary between Picea abies, Picea obovata and intermediate populations?", "Which regional identification references provide validated character ranges for confusion with locally planted spruce species?", "What provenance-specific evidence supports site suitability under the location's present and projected climate?", "Which locally validated diagnostic procedures distinguish drought-associated decline, bark-beetle attack and root disease?", "Which regional conservation, plant-health and forestry requirements constrain propagation, felling and movement of affected material?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Picea abies, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Picea abies, assess an individual tree in its site context, and identify appropriate observation, care or management actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Picea abies, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Picea abies from another, and a Picea abies from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Picea abies sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Picea abies from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Picea abies is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Picea abies and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Picea abies is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Picea abies is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Picea abies is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Picea abies moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Picea abies passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Picea abies between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Picea abies, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Picea abies is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Picea abies is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Picea abies, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Picea abies from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Picea abies from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Picea abies does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Picea abies pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Picea abies judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Picea abies lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Picea abies, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Picea abies hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Picea abies came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Picea abies and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Picea abies is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Picea abies, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Picea abies, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Picea abies is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }