{ "model": { "rank": 3961, "code": "thing-q146198", "model_id": "vr.tr.sorbus-aucuparia", "name": "Sorbus aucuparia", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Sorbus aucuparia, assess an individual tree and its local ecological context, and select evidence-supported monitoring, planting or care actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q146198/", "tier": 2, "score": 80, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 80, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q146198", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146198", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:10:14Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08792-c5fb-7662-80e3-7cdd70dd0bad\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Sorbus aucuparia\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 76.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08792-c609-78e2-b27b-64e7f1652a70\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Sorbus aucuparia\nRegistry id: vr.tr.sorbus-aucuparia\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry:" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q146198", "registryId": "vr.tr.sorbus-aucuparia", "name": "Sorbus aucuparia", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q146198/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.sorbus-aucuparia", "name": "Sorbus aucuparia", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Sorbus aucuparia, assess an individual tree and its local ecological context, and select evidence-supported monitoring, planting or care actions.", "definition": "Sorbus aucuparia L., commonly called rowan or European mountain ash, is a deciduous tree species in the rose family Rosaceae, characterized by pinnate leaves, clusters of small white flowers and usually orange-red pome fruits.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the species-level recognition and assessment criteria for Sorbus aucuparia under vr.tr.sorbus-aucuparia, PHY / PHY.OBJ, including how observations of individual trees and populations support decisions; cultivars and infraspecific determinations remain subordinate identifications.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification from leaves, buds, shoots, flowers and fruit", "Individual growth, seasonal development and reproductive state", "Occurrence, planting origin and local establishment", "Site suitability and observed ecological interactions", "Tree condition, propagation provenance and management decisions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Other Sorbus species, hybrids and plants sharing the name mountain ash", "Cultivar catalogues and nursery products as independent commercial things", "Woodland ecosystems and bird populations beyond their relationships to rowan", "Pathogens and pests as independently modelled organisms", "Harvested fruit products, food preparation and medicinal uses", "Land ownership, planting projects and tree protection instruments" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check alternate, pinnately compound leaves with toothed leaflets; this combination separates the candidate from simple-leaved whitebeams but does not alone establish species identity. [Go Botany](https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/sorbus/aucuparia/)", "Look for clusters of small white flowers followed by orange-red fleshy fruit; combine reproductive characters with foliage rather than identifying from fruit colour alone. [Go Botany](https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/sorbus/aucuparia/)", "Against Sorbus americana, inspect twigs, leaf undersides and bud scales for long, bent hairs characteristic of S. aucuparia in the cited regional treatment; record missing or contradictory characters. [Go Botany](https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/sorbus/aucuparia/)", "Resolve rowan and mountain ash labels to a scientific determination: the target is the accepted Rosaceae species Sorbus aucuparia L., not an identification established by a vernacular name. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:741641-1)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic determination", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Accepted taxon linked to identification authority, evidence and determination date", "why_it_matters": "Anchors the observation to this registry species while retaining uncertain or revised identifications." }, { "name": "Leaf and shoot characters", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Leaf arrangement, leaflet count, margin form and hair distribution; absent or unobservable recorded explicitly", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison with other rowans and superficially similar trees." }, { "name": "Tree dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Height and crown spread in m; stem diameter in cm with measurement height and multistem method", "why_it_matters": "Supports growth tracking and planting-space assessment without treating a horticultural size estimate as a species limit." }, { "name": "Seasonal stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Dormant, bud opening, leaf expansion, flowering, fruit development, ripe fruit, senescence; dated and potentially overlapping", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes seasonal absence of diagnostic organs from abnormal development." }, { "name": "Reproductive output", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Flower or fruit clusters per sampled branch; fruit count or mass in kg per defined tree and interval", "why_it_matters": "Makes reproductive observations comparable without confusing visual abundance with measured yield." }, { "name": "Site conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Soil pH, soil moisture with method, inundation duration in days and light exposure in hours/day", "why_it_matters": "Allows local performance to be related to measured growing conditions." }, { "name": "Occurrence and origin", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Planted, spontaneous or unknown origin; separately native, introduced or unresolved regional status", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a planted specimen or broad range statement from establishing local native status." }, { "name": "Health observations", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Leaf damage, shoot dieback, bark lesions, crown loss and root symptoms, with extent, date and diagnostic confidence", "why_it_matters": "Separates visible symptoms from an unconfirmed pest or disease diagnosis." }, { "name": "Propagation lineage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Seed source, parent tree, cutting donor or scion/rootstock association; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Supports provenance-sensitive planting and interpretation of cultivated variation." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify a candidate tree provisionally and request additional diagnostic observations when related rowans remain plausible.", "Schedule repeat observations around locally observed leaf, flower and fruit stages.", "Assess a planting site using measured conditions and locally applicable evidence.", "Track tree condition and refer unresolved symptoms for diagnostic assessment.", "Plan propagation or replacement using documented seed or vegetative provenance.", "Monitor fruit visitors and spontaneous seedlings to assess local ecological relationships and spread." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "rowan-identity", "name": "Rowan identity", "description": "Connect the registry species to a defensible botanical determination.", "rationale": "Common names and shared rowan characters can conceal another species or a hybrid.", "layers": [ { "id": "taxonomic-boundary", "name": "Taxonomic boundary", "description": "Define the species concept and retain subordinate or uncertain determinations.", "findings": [ { "id": "accepted-species-anchor", "name": "Accepted species anchor", "description": "Kew accepts Sorbus aucuparia L. and recognises infraspecific taxa; record the authority and its treatment instead of creating separate registry things automatically. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:741641-1)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which taxonomic authority and version define Sorbus aucuparia for this determination?", "kind": "definition", "id": "accepted-species-anchor-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence support the species, an infraspecific identification, or only an unresolved rowan?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "accepted-species-anchor-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "diagnostic-evidence", "name": "Diagnostic evidence", "description": "Capture the organs and comparisons needed to evaluate identification.", "findings": [ { "id": "combined-character-assessment", "name": "Combined character assessment", "description": "Retain photographs or specimens of leaf arrangement, leaflet margins, hairs, buds and reproductive organs, with contradictions and unavailable characters explicitly recorded.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed leaf, shoot and reproductive characters support the determination?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "combined-character-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which locally plausible rowans or hybrids remain unexcluded, and what observation would distinguish them?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "combined-character-assessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "seasonal-growth-and-reproduction", "name": "Seasonal growth and reproduction", "description": "Interpret rowan size, seasonal appearance and reproductive performance through repeat observations.", "rationale": "A leafless or fruitless tree needs interpretation against its age, season and observation history.", "layers": [ { "id": "growth-and-season", "name": "Growth and season", "description": "Track dimensions and local seasonal transitions.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-seasonal-state", "name": "Dated seasonal state", "description": "Rowan is deciduous; the RHS describes late-spring flowering and early-autumn fruit in its horticultural context. Establish local dates rather than making that calendar universal. [RHS](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/17539/sorbus-aucuparia/details)", "questions": [ { "text": "When did this tree leaf out, flower, ripen fruit and lose leaves at this location?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dated-seasonal-state-q01" }, { "text": "How have height, crown spread and stem diameter changed between comparable observations?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dated-seasonal-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fruit-and-recruitment", "name": "Fruit and recruitment", "description": "Separate flowering, fruit production and establishment of new trees.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-outcome", "name": "Reproductive outcome", "description": "Record flowers, developing fruit, mature fruit and surviving seedlings as distinct outcomes; nearby seedlings require evidence before attribution to a particular parent.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sampling method measures flower or fruit abundance, and over which interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-outcome-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence links nearby seedlings to Sorbus aucuparia and, if claimed, to this parent tree?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reproductive-outcome-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-site-and-wildlife", "name": "Range, site and wildlife", "description": "Assess where rowan occurs, how it performs there and which organisms use it.", "rationale": "Native range, planting suitability and observed wildlife use answer different management questions.", "layers": [ { "id": "regional-origin-and-site", "name": "Regional origin and site", "description": "Connect occurrence status and local growing conditions without conflating them.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-and-establishment-context", "name": "Range and establishment context", "description": "Kew records a native range spanning parts of Europe and Asia and introductions elsewhere; local status requires a geographically appropriate source. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:741641-1)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which regional flora establishes native or introduced status at this location?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "range-and-establishment-context-q01" }, { "text": "Is this occurrence planted or spontaneous, and what evidence establishes its origin?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "range-and-establishment-context-q02" } ] }, { "id": "measured-site-fit", "name": "Measured site fit", "description": "RHS cultivation guidance favours well-drained acid or neutral soil and sun or partial shade; assess actual site performance before extending that guidance to other climates. [RHS](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/17539/sorbus-aucuparia/details)", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the measured soil reaction, moisture regime and light exposure around the tree?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measured-site-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Which local evidence supports retaining, planting or relocating rowan under these conditions?", "kind": "action", "id": "measured-site-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "wildlife-interactions", "name": "Wildlife interactions", "description": "Record observed use of flowers and fruit and evidence of seed movement.", "findings": [ { "id": "fruit-visitors-and-dispersal", "name": "Fruit visitors and dispersal", "description": "Bird consumption of rowan fruit is documented, but fruit removal alone does not establish successful seed dispersal. [Go Botany](https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/sorbus/aucuparia/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which animals were observed visiting flowers or consuming fruit, and on what dates?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fruit-visitors-and-dispersal-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes fruit consumption, seed transport and successful seedling establishment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "fruit-visitors-and-dispersal-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "rowan-condition-and-care", "name": "Rowan condition and care", "description": "Translate condition and provenance evidence into justified interventions.", "rationale": "Rowan symptoms require diagnosis, while planting and propagation choices must preserve the intended identity and origin.", "layers": [ { "id": "symptoms-and-diagnosis", "name": "Symptoms and diagnosis", "description": "Distinguish damage observations from confirmed causes.", "findings": [ { "id": "rowan-health-triage", "name": "Rowan health triage", "description": "The RHS lists possible susceptibility to fireblight, apple canker, silver leaf and honey fungus; these are diagnostic candidates, not explanations established by dieback alone. [RHS](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/17539/sorbus-aucuparia/details)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organs are affected, how extensive is the damage, and how has it progressed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "rowan-health-triage-q01" }, { "text": "What inspection or diagnostic evidence is needed before selecting a treatment or removal action?", "kind": "action", "id": "rowan-health-triage-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "propagation-and-intervention", "name": "Propagation and intervention", "description": "Link replacement, multiplication and care decisions to their intended outcome.", "findings": [ { "id": "propagation-provenance", "name": "Propagation provenance", "description": "RHS lists seed, softwood cuttings and grafting as propagation routes; document the chosen material and method without assuming identical outcomes across routes. [RHS](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/17539/sorbus-aucuparia/details)", "questions": [ { "text": "What seed source, donor plant or scion/rootstock record establishes the material's identity and origin?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "propagation-provenance-q01" }, { "text": "Does the planting objective require regional provenance, preservation of a named selection, or another documented criterion?", "kind": "action", "id": "propagation-provenance-q02" }, { "text": "Which locally validated protocol and follow-up observations will establish propagation or planting success?", "kind": "action", "id": "propagation-provenance-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "No infraspecific taxa or cultivars are listed because their names and current treatment require verification.", "Dimensions are approximate descriptive ranges, not diagnostic limits.", "Native-range boundaries and local introduction status should be checked against regional floras." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Sorbus aucuparia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Sorbus aucuparia L.", "note": "The binomial identifies the species; L. is the standardized author abbreviation for Linnaeus." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Sorbus aucuparia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants governs its scientific naming; the code is adopted through International Botanical Congresses." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Sorbus aucuparia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Planted as an ornamental tree in gardens, parks and streets.", "Provides fruit for birds and floral resources for insects.", "Fruit is processed into jellies, preserves and beverages.", "Used in woodland planting and habitat restoration where locally appropriate." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Sorbus aucuparia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature height", "typical_range": "5-15", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Leaflet count per compound leaf", "typical_range": "9-19", "unit": "leaflets" }, { "quantity": "Fruit diameter", "typical_range": "6-10", "unit": "mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Sorbus aucuparia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Susceptible to fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora.", "Young trees can suffer browsing damage from deer and other herbivores.", "Drought and prolonged hot conditions can impair growth.", "Raw fruit can cause gastrointestinal upset; its use in cooked preparations does not establish that unrestricted raw consumption is safe." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Sorbus aucuparia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Native across much of Europe and into parts of Asia, occurring in both lowland and mountain habitats.", "Introduced and locally naturalized outside its native range, including parts of North America.", "Common names vary: rowan and European mountain ash denote this species, but mountain ash also names other trees." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Sorbus aucuparia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Fraxinus excelsior", "difference": "European ash belongs to Oleaceae and has opposite leaves and winged samaras; rowan belongs to Rosaceae and has alternate leaves and fleshy pomes." }, { "name": "Sorbus americana", "difference": "American mountain ash is a distinct North American species; separating cultivated specimens requires botanical characters rather than the shared common name." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Sorbus aucuparia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which regional identification keys adequately distinguish the accepted infraspecific taxa, cultivated forms and plausible hybrids, particularly when reproductive organs are absent?", "What locally validated limits for heat, drought, flooding and soil chemistry should guide planting decisions across the species' broad geographic range?", "Which seed pretreatments and germination conditions are supported for each intended provenance and propagation objective?", "What multi-year observations distinguish normal variation in flowering and fruit production from reproductive failure or declining condition?", "Which local evidence establishes conservation value, problematic spread and intervention thresholds for spontaneous populations?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Sorbus aucuparia, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Sorbus aucuparia, assess an individual tree and its local ecological context, and select evidence-supported monitoring, planting or care actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Sorbus aucuparia, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Sorbus aucuparia from another, and a Sorbus aucuparia from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Sorbus aucuparia sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Sorbus aucuparia from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Sorbus aucuparia is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Sorbus aucuparia and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Sorbus aucuparia is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Sorbus aucuparia is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Sorbus aucuparia is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Sorbus aucuparia moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Sorbus aucuparia passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Sorbus aucuparia between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Sorbus aucuparia, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Sorbus aucuparia is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Sorbus aucuparia is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Sorbus aucuparia, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Sorbus aucuparia from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Sorbus aucuparia from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Sorbus aucuparia does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Sorbus aucuparia pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Sorbus aucuparia judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Sorbus aucuparia lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Sorbus aucuparia, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Sorbus aucuparia hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Sorbus aucuparia came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Sorbus aucuparia and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Sorbus aucuparia is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Sorbus aucuparia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Sorbus aucuparia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Sorbus aucuparia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }