{ "model": { "rank": 6649, "code": "thing-q146701", "model_id": "vr.tr.lens-q146701", "name": "lens", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an optical lens, assess its optical and physical suitability, and decide how it may be mounted, used, inspected or maintained.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q146701/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "right lens", "left lens" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.lens-artifact", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q146701", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146701", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:12:24Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08870-b68c-74a0-be3e-2837d151b8cb\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: lens\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 registered", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 61.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08870-b697-70c1-b118-b240f0f45647\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: lens\nRegistry id: vr.tr.lens-q146701\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContex" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q146701", "registryId": "vr.tr.lens-q146701", "name": "lens", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q146701/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.lens-q146701", "name": "lens", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an optical lens, assess its optical and physical suitability, and decide how it may be mounted, used, inspected or maintained.", "definition": "A lens is a transmissive optical element that uses refraction at its surfaces or within its material to change the convergence or divergence of light, enabling image formation or beam shaping.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the lens as a kind of transmissive optical element or compound lens assembly that changes light-wave convergence, divergence or image formation, provisionally interpreting the undefined registry entry as an optical lens.", "in_scope": [ "Single lens elements and compound assemblies functioning as one lens", "Surface geometry, optical materials, coatings and clear aperture", "Optical power, focal behaviour, aberrations and transmission under stated conditions", "Optical alignment, mounting interfaces and application compatibility", "Lens condition, handling limits and maintenance requirements" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete cameras, microscopes, telescopes and other instruments containing lenses", "Image sensors, light sources and image-processing software", "Reflective mirrors and filters whose primary function is spectral selection", "Clinical prescriptions, diagnoses and treatment decisions involving ophthalmic lenses", "Biological lens physiology and geological bodies called lenses", "Product catalogues, commercial offerings and individual inventory records" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Test whether the element's intended transmitted-wavefront transformation provides focusing, defocusing or imaging, distinguishing it from a protective window or ordinary filter.", "Check whether the useful optical path passes through the element rather than relying primarily on reflection, distinguishing a lens from a mirror.", "Identify whether the object is one lens element, a compound lens acting as an optical unit, or a complete instrument with additional functions.", "Evaluate power in relevant meridians: cylindrical and toric lenses cannot be identified reliably by a single spherical focal length.", "Establish whether 'lens' denotes an optical component here, rather than a biological structure, geological shape or figurative perspective." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Optical construction", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Singlet; cemented compound; air-spaced compound; other specified construction", "why_it_matters": "Determines the component boundary and whether internal interfaces require separate description." }, { "name": "Wavefront-shaping principle", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Surface refraction; refractive-index gradient; diffraction; hybrid; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Selects the appropriate performance description and exposes uncertain boundaries of the registry concept." }, { "name": "Surface form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Plane, spherical, aspheric, cylindrical, toric, freeform or structured, recorded per surface", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes lens geometries and identifies orientation-dependent behaviour." }, { "name": "Optical material", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Material specification per element, with refractive-index data and applicable wavelength and temperature", "why_it_matters": "Connects focusing, dispersion and environmental compatibility to the actual material." }, { "name": "Effective focal length or optical power", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Focal length in mm or m; power in m⁻¹ (dioptres), with sign convention, wavelength, surrounding medium and relevant meridians", "why_it_matters": "Describes convergence or divergence without treating an unqualified focal value as universally applicable." }, { "name": "Clear aperture and physical envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Usable aperture dimensions, external dimensions and thickness in mm", "why_it_matters": "Separates the light-transmitting region from the dimensions needed for mounting." }, { "name": "Spectral transmission", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Transmission fraction or percent versus wavelength in nm or µm, with incidence conditions", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the lens passes the application's light." }, { "name": "Optical performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Application-selected wavefront error in nm or waves, spot dimensions in µm, or modulation transfer versus spatial frequency in cycles/mm", "why_it_matters": "Supports a suitability decision beyond nominal focal length." }, { "name": "Coating specification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Coating specification per surface, including intended spectral and incidence ranges", "why_it_matters": "Informs reflection losses, durability and permitted cleaning methods." }, { "name": "Mounting and alignment interface", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Mechanical interface, optical datums, required orientation and compatible holder", "why_it_matters": "Allows installation without assuming that physical fit establishes optical compatibility." }, { "name": "Physical and optical condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed contamination, scratches, chips, cracks, coating damage, haze or separation; assessment and inspection conditions", "why_it_matters": "Connects observable defects to permitted use and maintenance decisions." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify the lens and distinguish its element boundary from the surrounding instrument.", "Select a candidate lens against wavelength, focal behaviour, aperture and image-quality requirements.", "Determine installation orientation, spacing and alignment from optical and mechanical references.", "Inspect optical surfaces and compare measured performance with application acceptance criteria.", "Choose a documented cleaning, storage or replacement action compatible with materials and coatings.", "Assess proposed illumination against documented exposure limits and the consequences of concentrated light." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "lens-identity-and-boundary", "name": "Lens identity and boundary", "description": "Establish what counts as the lens and which optical construction the model describes.", "rationale": "The undefined name does not establish whether the entry covers an element, an assembly or a specialised meaning of lens.", "layers": [ { "id": "optical-role", "name": "Optical role", "description": "Identify the intended transformation of transmitted light.", "findings": [ { "id": "lens-recognition", "name": "Lens recognition", "description": "Record the intended focusing, defocusing or imaging role and the evidence distinguishing the object from neighbouring optical components.", "questions": [ { "text": "What intended change in transmitted-wavefront curvature or image formation identifies this object as a lens?", "kind": "definition", "id": "lens-recognition-q01" }, { "text": "What separates this lens from a window, filter, prism or mirror in the intended application?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "lens-recognition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "element-and-assembly-scope", "name": "Element and assembly scope", "description": "Locate the boundary around a single element or a compound optical unit.", "findings": [ { "id": "construction-boundary", "name": "Construction boundary", "description": "Describe which elements and internal interfaces belong to the lens and which parts belong to its host instrument.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the lens a singlet or a compound assembly, and which elements are included?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "construction-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which drawing, specification or other record establishes the optical assembly boundary?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "construction-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "geometry-materials-and-surfaces", "name": "Geometry, materials and surfaces", "description": "Describe the physical features responsible for the lens's optical behaviour.", "rationale": "Lens suitability depends on surface form, usable aperture and material response rather than external shape alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "surface-and-aperture-geometry", "name": "Surface and aperture geometry", "description": "Capture optical surface forms and distinguish useful aperture from mechanical dimensions.", "findings": [ { "id": "geometric-description", "name": "Geometric description", "description": "Record surface prescriptions or available geometric descriptors, including orientation and dimensional uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "What surface forms and defining parameters are known for each optical surface?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "geometric-description-q01" }, { "text": "What are the clear aperture, thickness and external dimensions, and which regions must remain unobstructed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "geometric-description-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-coating-response", "name": "Material and coating response", "description": "Connect element materials and surface treatments to operating conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-and-coating-specification", "name": "Material and coating specification", "description": "Identify optical materials, dispersion information and coatings without inferring them from appearance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which records identify each element's material, refractive-index behaviour and surface coatings?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "material-and-coating-specification-q01" }, { "text": "Across which wavelengths, incidence angles and temperatures are their relevant properties characterised?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "material-and-coating-specification-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "optical-behaviour-and-performance", "name": "Optical behaviour and performance", "description": "Characterise how the lens transforms light and whether that transformation meets its intended use.", "rationale": "A focal-length label alone cannot establish image quality, spectral suitability or behaviour away from the optical axis.", "layers": [ { "id": "power-and-conjugates", "name": "Power and conjugates", "description": "Describe focal properties and object-image relationships under explicit conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditional-focal-behaviour", "name": "Conditional focal behaviour", "description": "Keep focal measurements tied to reference locations, wavelength, medium and lens configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the effective focal length or optical powers, including relevant meridians and measurement conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditional-focal-behaviour-q01" }, { "text": "From which datums are object distance, image distance and back focal distance measured?", "kind": "definition", "id": "conditional-focal-behaviour-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "image-quality-and-throughput", "name": "Image quality and throughput", "description": "Assess transmitted light and departures from the desired optical output.", "findings": [ { "id": "application-performance-evidence", "name": "Application performance evidence", "description": "Record performance evidence with the field, aperture, spectrum and conjugates needed to interpret it.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measured transmission, aberration or image-quality results exist, and under which optical configuration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "application-performance-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which acceptance criteria determine whether this lens can perform the proposed imaging or beam-shaping task?", "kind": "action", "id": "application-performance-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "installation-and-operating-envelope", "name": "Installation and operating envelope", "description": "Relate the lens to its holder, optical path and permitted exposure conditions.", "rationale": "Mounting stress, misalignment and unsuitable illumination can invalidate otherwise suitable optical specifications.", "layers": [ { "id": "mounting-and-alignment", "name": "Mounting and alignment", "description": "Establish the mechanical and optical references needed for installation.", "findings": [ { "id": "installation-requirements", "name": "Installation requirements", "description": "Record orientation, spacing, centring and retention requirements appropriate to the lens.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which surface faces the incoming light, and what spacing, decentration and tilt limits apply?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "installation-requirements-q01" }, { "text": "How may the lens be retained without obstructing its clear aperture or imposing unacceptable stress?", "kind": "action", "id": "installation-requirements-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "illumination-and-environment", "name": "Illumination and environment", "description": "Identify documented operating limits and consequences of focusing light.", "findings": [ { "id": "exposure-suitability", "name": "Exposure suitability", "description": "Evaluate proposed illumination and environmental exposure against evidence specific to the lens.", "questions": [ { "text": "What documented thermal, humidity, chemical and optical-exposure limits apply, including wavelength and pulse conditions where relevant?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "exposure-suitability-q01" }, { "text": "Where could this installation concentrate light, and what controls are required before that illumination is applied?", "kind": "action", "id": "exposure-suitability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-care", "name": "Condition and care", "description": "Support inspection and maintenance decisions based on lens-specific degradation and surface sensitivity.", "rationale": "Visible defects and cleaning interventions must be judged against optical function, material compatibility and coating durability.", "layers": [ { "id": "defects-and-serviceability", "name": "Defects and serviceability", "description": "Record physical observations and determine their optical significance.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Locate and characterise contamination or damage, preserving the distinction between an observation and a failed acceptance criterion.", "questions": [ { "text": "What contamination, surface damage, haze, cracks or internal separation is observed, and where relative to the clear aperture?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed defects require cleaning, further optical testing, restricted use or replacement for this application?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-assessment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cleaning-handling-and-storage", "name": "Cleaning, handling and storage", "description": "Determine interventions compatible with exposed surfaces and assembled elements.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-care", "name": "Permitted care", "description": "Tie care procedures to documented material, coating and assembly constraints.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which instructions establish compatible cleaning agents, contact methods and any restrictions on immersion or disassembly?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "permitted-care-q01" }, { "text": "How should the lens be handled and stored to protect its optical surfaces, edges and alignment references?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-care-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "No sense is recorded; this description assumes a manufactured refractive optical lens, excluding metaphorical, gravitational and particle-optical uses.", "The listed kinds overlap: optical power, surface geometry and construction are separate classification axes.", "Measurement ranges are illustrative rather than defining limits; applicable standard parts and editions require verification for a particular application." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of lens this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Positive (converging) lens", "Negative (diverging) lens", "Spherical lens", "Aspheric lens", "Cylindrical lens", "Fresnel lens" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of lens this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 10110 series, issued by the International Organization for Standardization: preparation of drawings for optical elements and systems.", "ISO 9211 series, issued by the International Organization for Standardization: optical coatings." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of lens this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Forming images in cameras, microscopes and telescopes.", "Correcting vision in spectacles and contact lenses.", "Magnifying objects for inspection and reading.", "Focusing or collimating laser beams.", "Distributing light in illumination and projection systems." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of lens this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Focal length", "typical_range": "Approximately 10-1000 for many small laboratory lenses; positive for converging and negative for diverging lenses", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Diameter", "typical_range": "Approximately 5-100 for many small laboratory lenses", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Refractive index at a specified visible wavelength", "typical_range": "Approximately 1.45-2.0 for many optical glasses", "unit": "dimensionless" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of lens this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Scratches, chips and fractures can scatter light, degrade images and create sharp fragments.", "Dust, fingerprints and condensation can reduce transmission and increase stray light.", "Coating damage or separation of cemented elements can reduce optical performance.", "Thermal stress or excessive optical power can distort or fracture an element.", "Concentrated sunlight or laser radiation can cause burns, eye injury or ignition." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of lens this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Mirror", "difference": "A mirror redirects light principally by reflection; a refractive lens principally transmits and refracts it." }, { "name": "Prism", "difference": "A conventional prism principally deviates or disperses a beam; a lens principally changes its convergence or divergence." }, { "name": "Optical window", "difference": "A window principally transmits light through a boundary with minimal intended optical power; a lens intentionally supplies optical power." }, { "name": "Photographic objective", "difference": "An objective is an image-forming optical assembly, commonly containing several lens elements, although everyday usage also calls the assembly a lens." }, { "name": "Crystalline lens", "difference": "The crystalline lens is a biological structure in an eye; the assumed registry sense here is a manufactured optical element." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of lens this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does registry entry vr.tr.lens-q146701 specifically denote an optical lens, and does its authoritative scope include biological or ophthalmic lenses?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, requiring a registry link instead of a separate publication?", "Should diffractive, gradient-index, Fresnel and metasurface lenses be covered here or related through narrower registered concepts?", "Where does the registry place the boundary between a compound lens and a complete objective or powered lens module?", "Which authoritative sources and applicable standards should establish optical terminology, surface-quality criteria, test conditions and application-specific exposure limits?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a lens, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise an optical lens, assess its optical and physical suitability, and decide how it may be mounted, used, inspected or maintained.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: right lens, left lens.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a lens, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "right lens", "left lens" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one lens from another, and a lens from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a lens sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a lens from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a lens is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a lens is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a lens is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a lens is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a lens is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a lens is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a lens passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a lens between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a lens, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a lens is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What lens is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does lens perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise lens, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How lens is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does lens have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does lens need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about lens is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about lens hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern lens, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a lens came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a lens and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a lens is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a lens, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a lens, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a lens is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }