{ "model": { "rank": 1353, "code": "thing-q14674", "model_id": "vr.tr.pencil", "name": "pencil", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a pencil, assess its marking and mechanical condition, and choose suitable use, sharpening, refilling or retirement actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q14674/", "tier": 2, "score": 153, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "carpenter pencil", "colored pencil", "art pencil", "wooden pencil", "eyebrow pencil", "flat sketching pencil", "polymer pencil", "graphite pencil", "IKEA pencil", "Blackwing 602", "voting pencil", "mechanical pencil", "charcoal pencil", "Colleoni pencil holder and paperclip tray", "watercolor pencil", "blue pencil", "Kuru Toga", "Graph 1000" ], "aliasCount": 18, "merged": 18, "knownIn": 153, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.pencil-artifact", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q14674", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14674", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:20:50Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 27.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b98-6311-7df1-9066-5aee7cd80edf\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: pencil\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 210 things:\n# Batch 001: 1001 registere", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b98-6326-7f32-a2c8-818711c884d2\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: pencil\nRegistry id: vr.tr.pencil\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext fo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q14674", "registryId": "vr.tr.pencil", "name": "pencil", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q14674/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.pencil", "name": "pencil", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a pencil, assess its marking and mechanical condition, and choose suitable use, sharpening, refilling or retirement actions.", "definition": "A pencil is a handheld writing or drawing implement that makes marks by transferring material from a solid marking core to a surface through friction.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the pencil as a kind of handheld marking instrument that deposits material from a solid consumable core, including wood-cased, woodless and mechanical forms; product specifications and individual condition are recorded as evidence about that kind.", "in_scope": [ "Graphite and coloured pencils used for writing, drawing or surface marking", "Solid marking core, casing or holder, exposed point and their functional relationships", "Mark characteristics and compatibility with the intended surface", "Grip, point protection and core advancement where fitted", "Sharpening, compatible refills, wear and recoverable faults", "Attached erasers and other integrated pencil features" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Pens and markers that deliver liquid ink", "Digital styluses that produce input signals rather than deposited marks", "Loose chalk, charcoal and pastels whose inclusion requires a separate boundary decision", "Standalone sharpeners, erasers and drawing surfaces", "Writing, drawing and drafting practices as activities", "Product-line catalogues, ownership records and individual inventory systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its ordinary marking action consumes a solid core through contact with a surface, rather than dispensing liquid ink.", "It is intended to provide a controllable marking tip, with casing, a holder or a sufficiently coherent body supporting use.", "A mechanical pencil advances or releases a replaceable solid core; its button or mechanism does not dispense ink.", "It leaves a physical deposit without requiring a powered display or electronic sensing surface.", "An eraser, wooden casing or graphite composition is not individually required for something to be a pencil." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Construction form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "wood-cased | woodless | mechanical | other documented form", "why_it_matters": "Determines how the core is supported, exposed and renewed." }, { "name": "Marking core identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "graphite-based | coloured formulation | other documented composition | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions about intended marks, surface compatibility and applicable handling information." }, { "name": "Declared grade", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "manufacturer's literal grade designation and grading system, or ungraded", "why_it_matters": "Preserves the stated grade without assuming exact equivalence between manufacturers." }, { "name": "Mark colour", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "declared colour and observed mark colour on an identified surface", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes the deposited mark from barrel colour or packaging." }, { "name": "Core cross-section", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "diameter in mm, or width and thickness in mm for noncircular cores", "why_it_matters": "Constrains refill fit, point geometry and resistance to breakage." }, { "name": "Body geometry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "length and maximum width in mm, with cross-sectional shape", "why_it_matters": "Affects grip, usable remaining length and sharpener fit." }, { "name": "Point condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "protected | sharp | rounded | chipped | broken | unsupported | absent", "why_it_matters": "Guides immediate marking, sharpening, advancement or protection actions." }, { "name": "Mark performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "line width in mm and observed continuity, darkness and smearing under recorded test conditions", "why_it_matters": "Makes suitability judgments specific to a surface, point shape and applied load." }, { "name": "Refill compatibility", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "supported refill specifications and evidence, or not refillable", "why_it_matters": "Prevents choosing a refill merely because it looks similar." }, { "name": "Feed and retention condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "not applicable | working | slipping | jammed | failing to advance | unassessed", "why_it_matters": "Separates an exhausted core from a fault in a mechanical holder." } ], "affordances": [ "Select a pencil for a requested mark, surface and level of erasability using documented or tested performance.", "Write, draw, shade or mark with a suitable exposed point.", "Sharpen a compatible body to a point geometry appropriate to the task.", "Advance or replace a mechanical core using the holder's supported procedure and refill.", "Assess broken points, slipping cores and feed jams before choosing a recovery action.", "Protect the point for storage and use an attached eraser where its performance is suitable." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "pencil-identity", "name": "Pencil identity", "description": "Establish what makes the instrument a pencil and which construction it uses.", "rationale": "Wooden appearance, a pointed shape or an eraser alone cannot establish pencil identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "solid-core-marking", "name": "Solid-core marking", "description": "Identify the material-transfer mechanism behind the mark.", "findings": [ { "id": "marking-mechanism", "name": "Marking mechanism", "description": "Record whether surface contact consumes a solid marking core and how that core is presented to the surface.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the instrument deposit material from a solid core during its intended use?", "kind": "definition", "id": "marking-mechanism-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes it from an ink pen, digital stylus or loose drawing stick?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "marking-mechanism-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "construction-and-variants", "name": "Construction and variants", "description": "Describe the pencil's core support without treating one familiar construction as universal.", "findings": [ { "id": "core-support-form", "name": "Core support form", "description": "Record casing, self-supporting body or mechanical holder and identify integrated features.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the core supported by a sharpenable casing, its own body or a reusable holder?", "kind": "definition", "id": "core-support-form-q01" }, { "text": "Which eraser, cap, clip or grip features are integrated into this pencil rather than separate accessories?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "core-support-form-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "core-and-mark-behaviour", "name": "Core and mark behaviour", "description": "Connect core identity and grade to observed marks on specified surfaces.", "rationale": "Pencil suitability depends on the deposited mark, and a barrel label cannot establish every performance property.", "layers": [ { "id": "core-description", "name": "Core description", "description": "Capture documented core formulation, colour and grade without inferring composition from appearance.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-core-properties", "name": "Declared core properties", "description": "Preserve the manufacturer's core description and grade separately from independently observed behaviour.", "questions": [ { "text": "What source identifies the core material, intended colour and any special marking properties?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "declared-core-properties-q01" }, { "text": "What grade is printed or documented, and which grading system does it use?", "kind": "definition", "id": "declared-core-properties-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "surface-response", "name": "Surface response", "description": "Assess line formation, smearing and removal on the actual target surface.", "findings": [ { "id": "tested-mark-performance", "name": "Tested mark performance", "description": "Record mark quality and removal outcomes with surface, point geometry and test conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What line width, continuity and darkness result on the intended surface with the tested point and load?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "tested-mark-performance-q01" }, { "text": "Can the mark be erased or otherwise removed sufficiently for the task without unacceptable surface damage?", "kind": "action", "id": "tested-mark-performance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "point-and-handling", "name": "Point and handling", "description": "Describe the contact geometry and hand-held control needed for useful marking.", "rationale": "A pencil with an unsuitable point or insufficient grip can fail its task despite having the right core.", "layers": [ { "id": "working-point", "name": "Working point", "description": "Assess exposed core geometry, support and immediate readiness.", "findings": [ { "id": "point-readiness", "name": "Point readiness", "description": "Record point shape, exposed length and visible damage before selecting a marking or renewal action.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the exposed core length and tip width in mm, and is the tip chipped or broken?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "point-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Does the task require a finer point, broader contact face or shorter supported exposure?", "kind": "action", "id": "point-readiness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grip-and-actuation", "name": "Grip and actuation", "description": "Describe the usable body and any controls that change core exposure.", "findings": [ { "id": "holding-and-feed-control", "name": "Holding and feed control", "description": "Record grip geometry, usable length and the operation of a fitted feed or release mechanism.", "questions": [ { "text": "What body dimensions, cross-section and grip features affect control for the intended user?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "holding-and-feed-control-q01" }, { "text": "If a feed or clutch is fitted, how is it operated and does it retain the core during marking?", "kind": "action", "id": "holding-and-feed-control-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "core-renewal-and-faults", "name": "Core renewal and faults", "description": "Determine how marking capacity is restored and distinguish consumable wear from mechanical damage.", "rationale": "Sharpenable and refillable pencils need different recovery actions and compatibility evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "sharpening-and-refilling", "name": "Sharpening and refilling", "description": "Identify supported methods for exposing or replacing the marking core.", "findings": [ { "id": "renewal-compatibility", "name": "Renewal compatibility", "description": "Record a suitable sharpening method or refill specification, including relevant dimensions and instructions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sharpener opening and cutting method suit this body and core, or which refill specification suits this holder?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "renewal-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "What documented procedure restores a usable point without damaging the casing, core or feed mechanism?", "kind": "action", "id": "renewal-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "breakage-and-feed-failure", "name": "Breakage and feed failure", "description": "Assess repeated point loss, internal core damage and mechanical feed faults.", "findings": [ { "id": "fault-recovery-decision", "name": "Fault recovery decision", "description": "Separate observed symptoms from suspected causes and record whether recovery succeeds.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the pencil repeatedly shed core fragments, slip under load or fail to advance after a compatible refill is installed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fault-recovery-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Which supported recovery action is justified by the symptoms, and when should the pencil or holder be retired?", "kind": "action", "id": "fault-recovery-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-limits-and-evidence", "name": "Handling limits and evidence", "description": "Record pencil-specific handling concerns and the evidence behind suitability claims.", "rationale": "A sharp point, detachable parts and different core formulations require contextual decisions rather than assumptions based on the word pencil.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-handling", "name": "Physical handling", "description": "Assess point exposure, casing damage and detachable components for the intended use.", "findings": [ { "id": "point-and-small-part-controls", "name": "Point and small-part controls", "description": "Record exposed-point protection, splintering or cracks, and detachable caps, erasers or refill pieces.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are there exposed sharp points, damaged casing edges or detachable pieces that affect the intended user's handling?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "point-and-small-part-controls-q01" }, { "text": "What point protection or component replacement is needed before use, storage or transport?", "kind": "action", "id": "point-and-small-part-controls-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "documented-use-limits", "name": "Documented use limits", "description": "Tie material, intended-user and conformity claims to evidence with an explicit scope.", "findings": [ { "id": "suitability-claim-evidence", "name": "Suitability claim evidence", "description": "Record applicable manufacturer instructions and verified standards or certification claims without assuming that all pencils share them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source supports any composition, age suitability or intended-surface claim for the pencil being assessed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "suitability-claim-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "If a standard or certification is claimed, what are its identifier, issuing body and verified scope of applicability?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "suitability-claim-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the general writing and drawing implement, not a particular product or individual pencil.", "Dimensions are common examples rather than requirements; hardness grades are not perfectly equivalent across manufacturers.", "Graphite pencil 'lead' is not metallic lead; publication work should verify the applicable parts and editions of ISO 9177." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of pencil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Wood-cased graphite pencil", "Mechanical pencil", "Coloured pencil", "Water-soluble pencil", "Carpenter's pencil", "Woodless pencil" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of pencil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Graphite pencil hardness grading", "value_or_pattern": "Number followed by H or B; also H, F, HB and B", "note": "Identifies a grade rather than a unique product; higher H numbers generally indicate harder cores, and higher B numbers softer, darker cores." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of pencil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 9177 series, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, covers mechanical pencils and leads." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of pencil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Handwriting and annotation", "Sketching and tonal drawing", "Technical drafting", "Colouring and illustration", "Marking timber and other workpieces" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of pencil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Length of a new conventional wood-cased pencil", "typical_range": "170-190", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Common mechanical-pencil lead diameters", "typical_range": "0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9", "unit": "mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of pencil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "A marking core can fracture under excessive pressure or after impact, including inside an apparently intact wooden casing.", "Mechanical-pencil feed mechanisms can jam or fail to grip the lead.", "A blunt point reduces precision; sharpening consumes the core and, for wood-cased pencils, the casing.", "Marks can smudge or transfer through rubbing; erasability varies with core composition and surface.", "Sharp points can cause puncture injuries, and small detachable parts can present choking hazards." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of pencil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "US school and office pencils commonly use numeric grades such as No. 2, approximately corresponding to HB; letter-based grades are widely used internationally." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of pencil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Pen", "difference": "A pen normally deposits ink, whereas a pencil deposits material worn from a solid core." }, { "name": "Stylus", "difference": "A stylus typically registers contact or deforms a surface without consuming a marking core." }, { "name": "Crayon", "difference": "A crayon is typically a marking stick used directly, whereas a pencil generally presents a narrower core supported by a casing or holder; woodless products blur this boundary." }, { "name": "Graphite", "difference": "Graphite is a material used in many pencil cores; a pencil is the finished implement, and some pencils contain no graphite." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of pencil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover pencil or a parent marking-instrument concept that this entry should link to or extend?", "Where should this registry draw the boundary around cosmetic pencils, charcoal pencils, pastel pencils and solid marking sticks?", "Which primary sources establish comparable graphite-grade behaviour, and what differences between manufacturers must remain explicit?", "Which pencil safety, material or performance standards apply to particular markets and intended users, and how can their claims be verified?", "What reproducible test conditions should be used for line width, darkness, smearing, erasability and resistance to core breakage?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a pencil, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a pencil, assess its marking and mechanical condition, and choose suitable use, sharpening, refilling or retirement actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: carpenter pencil, colored pencil, art pencil, wooden pencil, eyebrow pencil, flat sketching pencil, polymer pencil, graphite pencil, IKEA pencil, Blackwing 602, voting pencil, mechanical pencil.", "18 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 153 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a pencil, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "carpenter pencil", "colored pencil", "art pencil", "wooden pencil", "eyebrow pencil", "flat sketching pencil", "polymer pencil", "graphite pencil", "IKEA pencil", "Blackwing 602", "voting pencil", "mechanical pencil" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 153 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 18 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one pencil from another, and a pencil from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a pencil sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a pencil from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a pencil is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a pencil is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a pencil is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a pencil is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a pencil is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a pencil is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a pencil passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a pencil between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a pencil, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a pencil is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What pencil is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does pencil perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise pencil, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How pencil is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does pencil have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does pencil need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about pencil is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about pencil hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern pencil, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a pencil came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a pencil and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a pencil is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a pencil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a pencil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a pencil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }