{ "model": { "rank": 3391, "code": "thing-q147096", "model_id": "vr.tr.citrus-aurantium", "name": "Citrus × aurantium", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify Citrus × aurantium, interpret the condition of a particular plant, and select cultivation, propagation or harvest actions supported by its documented identity and growing context.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q147096/", "tier": 2, "score": 86, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 86, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q147096", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147096", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:38:12Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c4c-ea7a-7b80-ba57-cacaff8adee8\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Citrus × aurantium\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 546 things:\n# Batch 003: 10", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 81.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c4c-ea84-7eb1-93f8-195bd55aeefe\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Citrus × aurantium\nRegistry id: vr.tr.citrus-aurantium\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q147096", "registryId": "vr.tr.citrus-aurantium", "name": "Citrus × aurantium", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q147096/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.citrus-aurantium", "name": "Citrus × aurantium", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify Citrus × aurantium, interpret the condition of a particular plant, and select cultivation, propagation or harvest actions supported by its documented identity and growing context.", "definition": "Citrus × aurantium is a name for cultivated evergreen citrus hybrids of mandarin and pummelo ancestry in the family Rutaceae, traditionally applied to bitter or sour orange, although its taxonomic circumscription varies.", "scope_statement": "This draft owns the organism concept registered as vr.tr.citrus-aurantium in PHY / PHY.OBJ, including evidence needed to recognise and manage its instances; it retains the scientific-name boundary while leaving unresolved whether the registry intends bitter orange narrowly or a broader hybrid circumscription.", "in_scope": [ "Taxonomic circumscription, identification evidence and cultivar attribution", "Diagnostic leaf, flower, fruit and seed observations tied to a particular plant", "Propagation history and the identity of rootstock, scion and emerging shoots", "Local growth, flowering, fruit development and environmental response", "Plant condition and suitability for propagation or organ-specific harvest" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The genus Citrus and its shared biology, except where needed for identification", "Independent models of parental taxa or other separately registered citrus concepts", "Orchard enterprises, irrigation equipment and commercial production workflows", "Detached fruit commodities, marmalade, essential oils and manufactured extracts", "Human therapeutic efficacy, supplement dosing and clinical decisions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check the identification authority and its circumscription before interpreting the name: Kew accepts Citrus × aurantium as a hybrid with the formula C. maxima × C. reticulata; that formula alone does not identify a cultivar. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:59600-2)", "Test whether 'bitter orange' is actually the intended group; the RHS also uses Citrus × aurantium for its Sweet Orange Group, so the scientific name alone cannot establish bitter fruit. [RHS Sweet Orange Group](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/320460/citrus-%C3%97-aurantium-sweet-orange-group-f/details)", "Compare leaf articulation, petiole wings, thorn characters and mature fruit cross-sections against a cited identification key; require the combination of characters rather than orange peel colour alone.", "Compare fruit acidity, soluble solids, rind characteristics and documented bitterness at matched maturity when evaluating a proposed bitter-orange identification against sweet-orange alternatives.", "Trace an observed shoot or fruiting branch relative to the graft union before assigning its identity; evidence from a rootstock shoot cannot automatically identify the scion." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxon concept", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Scientific name linked to authority, circumscription, version and identification evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents incompatible uses of Citrus × aurantium from being treated as identical." }, { "name": "Cultivar or horticultural group", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented designation; provisional designation; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Qualifies expectations about fruit, growth and intended use." }, { "name": "Graft component", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Own-root plant; rootstock; scion; interstock; component unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Connects observations and proposed actions to the correct biological component." }, { "name": "Petiole wing width", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm, with leaf position, developmental stage and image", "why_it_matters": "Provides repeatable evidence for comparison with citrus identification keys." }, { "name": "Fruit dimensions and rind thickness", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Equatorial diameter, polar length and rind thickness in mm", "why_it_matters": "Supports group comparison and harvest assessment when maturity is recorded." }, { "name": "Juice soluble solids", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "°Brix, with method, temperature and sample maturity", "why_it_matters": "Helps characterise fruit quality without treating sweetness as a taxonomic verdict." }, { "name": "Juice titratable acidity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "g citric acid equivalent per 100 mL, with titration method", "why_it_matters": "Separates measured acidity from subjective bitterness and supports maturity comparisons." }, { "name": "Phenological condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Vegetative flush; flower buds; open flowers; fruit set; developing fruit; mature fruit; concurrent stages", "why_it_matters": "Makes observations and interventions specific to the plant's current development." }, { "name": "Root-zone conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "pH; electrical conductivity in dS/m with extraction method; moisture with stated method", "why_it_matters": "Allows decline or poor growth to be evaluated against measured growing conditions." }, { "name": "Health evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "No symptoms observed; symptomatic; tested positive; tested negative; unresolved, with date and target", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes visible condition from confirmed pathogen or pest status." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare a specimen with documented citrus concepts and record identification confidence.", "Map rootstock, scion and shoots before pruning or selecting propagation material.", "Track flowering and fruit measurements to assess readiness for a specified harvest use.", "Adjust cultivation using measured root-zone conditions and locally supported tolerances.", "Escalate unexplained decline for diagnosis and check propagation-material eligibility.", "Trace harvested flowers, leaves or fruit back to the identified plant and its treatment history." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "taxon-and-identification", "name": "Taxon and identification", "description": "Resolve what Citrus × aurantium denotes in this registry and how a plant is assigned to it.", "rationale": "Different taxonomic and horticultural uses of this name can change the model's biological boundary.", "layers": [ { "id": "name-circumscription", "name": "Name circumscription", "description": "Attach the registry name to an explicit taxon concept.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-dependent-boundary", "name": "Authority-dependent boundary", "description": "Record the adopted treatment and its inclusions; the RHS explicitly recognises a Sweet Orange Group under this name. [RHS Sweet Orange Group](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/320460/citrus-%C3%97-aurantium-sweet-orange-group-f/details)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which taxonomic treatment and version define the registry's use of Citrus × aurantium?", "kind": "definition", "id": "authority-dependent-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Does that treatment include sweet-orange or other horticultural groups, and how do those map to existing registry entries?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "authority-dependent-boundary-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "specimen-evidence", "name": "Specimen evidence", "description": "Connect identification to inspectable material and comparisons.", "findings": [ { "id": "combined-identification-evidence", "name": "Combined identification evidence", "description": "Require a cited determination supported by provenance, diagnostic organ observations and, where necessary, genetic evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which voucher, accession record or expert determination supports this plant's identification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "combined-identification-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which leaf, petiole, flower and fruit characters distinguish it from the nearest plausible citrus alternatives under the selected key?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "combined-identification-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What additional evidence would resolve a conflict between the nursery label and observed characters?", "kind": "action", "id": "combined-identification-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "propagation-and-graft-identity", "name": "Propagation and graft identity", "description": "Represent how the plant originated and which components carry the registered identity.", "rationale": "A cultivar label, seedling ancestry and the identity of a grafted tree's rootstock answer different questions.", "layers": [ { "id": "accession-lineage", "name": "Accession lineage", "description": "Trace the plant to its source material and propagation method.", "findings": [ { "id": "propagation-fidelity", "name": "Propagation fidelity", "description": "Record whether the plant arose from seed, a cutting or grafted material, and preserve uncertainty about fidelity to its named source.", "questions": [ { "text": "What source accession, seed parent or budwood lot produced this plant?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "propagation-fidelity-q01" }, { "text": "If seed-grown, what evidence establishes whether it matches the named parent or represents a distinct seedling?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "propagation-fidelity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "graft-component-map", "name": "Graft component map", "description": "Locate the identity-bearing tissues within a composite plant.", "findings": [ { "id": "rootstock-scion-attribution", "name": "Rootstock-scion attribution", "description": "Attach foliage, fruit, symptoms and propagation selections to the component from which they arise.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which component is identified as Citrus × aurantium, and what identifies the other graft components?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "rootstock-scion-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "Does the shoot selected for pruning or propagation originate above or below each graft union?", "kind": "action", "id": "rootstock-scion-attribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-and-fruit-expression", "name": "Flowering and fruit expression", "description": "Track reproductive development and the fruit traits needed for identification and harvest decisions.", "rationale": "Calendar dates, rind colour and the word orange are insufficient to establish maturity or intended fruit use.", "layers": [ { "id": "reproductive-timing", "name": "Reproductive timing", "description": "Record flowering, fruit set and fruit development in local conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-reproductive-cohorts", "name": "Dated reproductive cohorts", "description": "Follow dated flower and fruit cohorts instead of assigning a universal harvest season.", "questions": [ { "text": "When did flowering, fruit set and subsequent fruit drop occur at this site?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dated-reproductive-cohorts-q01" }, { "text": "Which fruit cohort is being assessed, and what pollination or management conditions accompanied its development?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-reproductive-cohorts-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fruit-quality-evidence", "name": "Fruit quality evidence", "description": "Separate morphological identity evidence from maturity and use quality.", "findings": [ { "id": "maturity-qualified-fruit-profile", "name": "Maturity-qualified fruit profile", "description": "Record rind, pulp, seeds, soluble solids, acidity and any documented bitterness against sample maturity and method.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the fruit dimensions, rind thickness, seed count, soluble solids and titratable acidity for the sampled cohort?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "maturity-qualified-fruit-profile-q01" }, { "text": "Which documented criteria establish suitability for the intended harvest use in this cultivar or group?", "kind": "action", "id": "maturity-qualified-fruit-profile-q02" }, { "text": "Which observed traits support bitter-orange attribution, and which merely reflect immature fruit?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "maturity-qualified-fruit-profile-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "growing-conditions-and-decline", "name": "Growing conditions and decline", "description": "Relate local exposure and root-zone conditions to the plant's condition.", "rationale": "Cultivation decisions require evidence for the actual accession and graft combination, not a single tolerance assigned to every use of the name.", "layers": [ { "id": "site-response", "name": "Site response", "description": "Connect growth observations with climate, irrigation and substrate measurements.", "findings": [ { "id": "measured-exposure-response", "name": "Measured exposure response", "description": "Record temperature extremes, drainage, irrigation-water quality and root-zone measurements alongside growth or injury.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature extremes, waterlogging events and root-zone salinity preceded the observed growth response?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measured-exposure-response-q01" }, { "text": "Which locally supported evidence justifies changing irrigation, shelter or substrate for this accession and rootstock?", "kind": "action", "id": "measured-exposure-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "decline-investigation", "name": "Decline investigation", "description": "Distinguish stress observations from diagnosed causes in each graft component.", "findings": [ { "id": "symptoms-and-confirmation", "name": "Symptoms and confirmation", "description": "Document canopy, root and graft-union symptoms, then link suspected causes to diagnostic evidence rather than naming a disease from appearance alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are chlorosis, dieback, lesions or graft-union abnormalities located, and how have they progressed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "symptoms-and-confirmation-q01" }, { "text": "What inspection or laboratory evidence separates environmental stress, graft problems and infectious causes?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "symptoms-and-confirmation-q02" }, { "text": "What findings require propagation to stop pending diagnosis or plant-health review?", "kind": "action", "id": "symptoms-and-confirmation-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "harvest-and-material-routing", "name": "Harvest and material routing", "description": "Connect organ-specific collection and movement to plant identity, condition and documented eligibility.", "rationale": "Flowers, foliage, fruit and budwood from one plant enter different workflows and require different evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "organ-specific-harvest", "name": "Organ-specific harvest", "description": "Specify the organ, developmental stage and intended destination before collection.", "findings": [ { "id": "harvest-purpose-and-traceability", "name": "Harvest purpose and traceability", "description": "Keep intended flower, foliage or fruit use linked to the source plant, collection stage and treatment history without assuming all named accessions are interchangeable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organ and developmental stage does the recipient require, and what evidence supports this accession's suitability?", "kind": "definition", "id": "harvest-purpose-and-traceability-q01" }, { "text": "Which plant identity, collection date and treatment records must accompany the harvested lot?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "harvest-purpose-and-traceability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "propagule-movement", "name": "Propagule movement", "description": "Evaluate proposed movement of living plants, seed or budwood in its actual jurisdictional context.", "findings": [ { "id": "destination-specific-eligibility", "name": "Destination-specific eligibility", "description": "Attach current plant-health requirements and relevant test records to the proposed material and route; this draft supplies no universal permission to move it.", "questions": [ { "text": "What material is moving between which origin and destination, and on what date?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "destination-specific-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which current official requirements, inspections and source-material records determine whether that movement can proceed?", "kind": "action", "id": "destination-specific-eligibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "With no recorded sense, this description primarily covers traditional bitter or sour orange; confirm whether the registry instead follows a broader hybrid classification.", "Verify cultivar placement, particularly chinotto and Bouquetier, against the taxonomic treatment selected for the registry.", "This is a recall-based description; no sources were consulted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Citrus × aurantium this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Seville bitter orange", "Chinotto, in classifications that include it within Citrus × aurantium", "Bouquetier bitter orange" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Citrus × aurantium this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Citrus × aurantium L.", "note": "The multiplication sign indicates hybrid status; the author abbreviation L. refers to Linnaeus. The name alone does not resolve differences in taxonomic circumscription." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Citrus × aurantium this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, adopted through International Botanical Congresses, governs the botanical name." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Citrus × aurantium this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fruit and peel used in marmalade and preserves.", "Peel used to flavour liqueurs and other foods.", "Flowers distilled to produce neroli essential oil and orange blossom water.", "Leaves and young twigs distilled to produce petitgrain essential oil.", "Trees grown ornamentally and used as rootstocks for other citrus." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Citrus × aurantium this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature tree height", "typical_range": "Approximately 3-10, depending on cultivar and cultivation", "unit": "m" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Citrus × aurantium this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Citrus tristeza virus can cause severe decline in susceptible citrus combinations grafted onto sour-orange rootstock.", "Huanglongbing, also called citrus greening, can damage trees and fruit production.", "Phytophthora root and collar diseases can damage or kill trees.", "Frost can injure foliage, flowers and fruit." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Citrus × aurantium this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Seville orange is especially associated with Spanish cultivation and British marmalade making.", "Mediterranean and North African traditions use orange blossom water in food and perfumery.", "Use as a rootstock varies with local citrus tristeza pressure and growing conditions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Citrus × aurantium this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Sweet orange", "difference": "Conventionally distinguished by sweeter, less bitter fruit and often named Citrus × sinensis; some broader classifications include it within Citrus × aurantium." }, { "name": "Mandarin", "difference": "An ancestral citrus lineage, generally associated with Citrus reticulata, rather than the mandarin-pummelo hybrid traditionally called bitter orange." }, { "name": "Pummelo", "difference": "An ancestral species, Citrus maxima, typically bearing much larger fruit with a thick rind." }, { "name": "Bergamot", "difference": "A cultivated citrus distinguished by its characteristic aromatic rind oil, often named Citrus × bergamia; its placement relative to Citrus × aurantium depends on the classification." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Citrus × aurantium this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.citrus-aurantium intend bitter orange narrowly or a broader Citrus × aurantium concept, and does an existing world model already own that intended concept?", "Which authoritative identification key and authenticated reference accessions provide reliable distinctions among the locally relevant citrus alternatives?", "Which cultivar groups and propagation lineages are represented, and what evidence establishes fidelity of seed-derived plants?", "Which local climate, salinity and disease-response evidence applies to the actual rootstock-scion combinations?", "Which organ-specific maturity criteria, treatment restrictions and movement requirements must be researched for the intended uses and jurisdictions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 32 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Citrus × aurantium, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify Citrus × aurantium, interpret the condition of a particular plant, and select cultivation, propagation or harvest actions supported by its documented identity and growing context.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 86 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Citrus × aurantium, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 86 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Citrus × aurantium from another, and a Citrus × aurantium from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Citrus × aurantium sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Citrus × aurantium from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Citrus × aurantium is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Citrus × aurantium and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Citrus × aurantium is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Citrus × aurantium is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Citrus × aurantium is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Citrus × aurantium moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Citrus × aurantium passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Citrus × aurantium between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Citrus × aurantium, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Citrus × aurantium is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Citrus × aurantium is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Citrus × aurantium, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Citrus × aurantium from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Citrus × aurantium from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Citrus × aurantium does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Citrus × aurantium pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Citrus × aurantium judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Citrus × aurantium lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Citrus × aurantium, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Citrus × aurantium hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Citrus × aurantium came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Citrus × aurantium and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Citrus × aurantium is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Citrus × aurantium, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Citrus × aurantium, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Citrus × aurantium is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }