cone cell
Let an agent explain cone cells and their role in colour vision, relay types, distribution and physiology from vision science references, describe cone disorders and stem cell research, and distinguish cones from rods and from other retinal neurons.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain cone cells and their role in colour vision, relay types, distribution and physiology from vision science references, describe cone disorders and stem cell research, and distinguish cones from rods and from other retinal neurons.
A photoreceptor cell in the retina of vertebrates that functions in bright light and provides colour vision and high acuity, named for its cone-shaped outer segment, with humans having three types, S-cones sensitive to short wavelengths expressing OPN1SW, and L and M cones sensitive to long and medium wavelengths, concentrated in the fovea, while other vertebrates such as chickens have additional types including double cones and long-wavelength single cones; cones can now be derived from pluripotent stem cells for research and therapy.
What it is for: Not applicable; a cell type.
It can be explain types and function; relay physiology; describe disorders and research; distinguish from rods.
Distinguishing features
Photopic vision
Colour discrimination
Foveal concentration
Three human types
What it looks like
Not a visible object without microscopy; a photoreceptor with a tapered outer segment.
Physical character
human cones: about 6 million - per retina
peak sensitivities: about 420, 530, 560 nm - S, M, L
foveal cone density: about 150000-200000 per mm^2
How it is recognised
Retinal photoreceptor for colour and daylight vision
Human S, M and L cones, chicken long-wavelength single cones, stem cell-derived cones
Rods serve dim light; ganglion cells carry signals; photosensitive ganglion cells regulate circadian rhythms
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms
is contrasted with - for dim light
enables - through opsin types
In practice
Families and kinds
S-cones expressing OPN1SW
M-cones expressing OPN1MW
L-cones expressing OPN1LW
double cones and additional types in birds, fish and reptiles
pluripotent stem cell-derived cone photoreceptors
Identifiers
Cell Ontology CL:0000573 retinal cone cell
MeSH D017949 retinal cone photoreceptor cells
Standards and regulation
No regulation; cell ontology definitions
Research ethics rules for stem cell-derived cells
Failure modes and hazards
Confusing cones with rods
Agents giving personal advice on vision problems
Overstating stem cell therapy readiness
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What cone cells are.
Science.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is a cone cell, and how does it differ from a rod? definition
- Is the question about cones, rods or other retinal cells? boundary
Types
Types.
Types
Types.
- What are S, M and L cones, and how do other vertebrates differ? definition
- Which entry fits the specific type? action
Physiology Physiology.
Science.
Transduction
Phototransduction.
Transduction
Transduction.
- How do cone opsins and phototransduction convert light into signals? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Colour
Colour vision.
Colour
Colour.
- How do the three cone types produce colour vision, and what causes colour vision deficiency? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Medicine Disorders and research.
Clinical.
Disorders
Cone disorders.
Disorders
Disorders.
- What are cone dystrophies, achromatopsia and macular diseases, in general terms? provenance
- Is the user asking about their own vision, which needs an eye care professional? boundary
Research
Stem cells and therapy.
Research
Research.
- How are stem cell-derived cones used in research and experimental therapies, with findings attributed? provenance
- Which entry fits retinal regeneration? action
Context Evolution and history.
Context.
Evolution
Evolution.
Evolution
Evolution.
- How did cone types evolve across vertebrates, including chicken and fish cones? provenance
- Which entry fits the evolution of colour vision? action
History
History.
History
History.
- How were cones and the trichromatic theory discovered? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of vision science? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should the cone types be separate entries?
- How should vision science references be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming species-specific and research-derived cells; should they be split off?