{ "model": { "rank": 6736, "code": "thing-q14890", "model_id": "vr.tr.toaster", "name": "toaster", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a toaster, assess its readiness and toasting state, and determine appropriate operation, cleaning or withdrawal from service.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q14890/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q14890", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14890", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:23:57Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0887b-3b2e-7ca2-8c85-32fc94ac63d1\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: toaster\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 64.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0887b-3b22-7a61-851b-0ae40619d98e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: toaster\nRegistry id: vr.tr.toaster\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q14890", "registryId": "vr.tr.toaster", "name": "toaster", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q14890/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.toaster", "name": "toaster", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a toaster, assess its readiness and toasting state, and determine appropriate operation, cleaning or withdrawal from service.", "definition": "A toaster is a cooking appliance designed primarily to brown bread by exposing its surfaces to heat, usually radiant heat from electrically resistive elements.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the toaster as a kind of appliance designed primarily to brown bread through controlled heating, including its bread-handling arrangement, heating cycle, controls, condition and operating constraints; product specifications and individual-unit observations are evidence attached to this kind.", "in_scope": [ "Bread-loading geometry, supported bread forms and retrieval arrangements", "Heat generation, power requirements and browning control", "Toasting-cycle states, cancellation and bread release", "Crumb accumulation, cleaning access and serviceability", "Toaster-specific hazards, protective features and documented operating limits" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Bread composition, manufacture and food-quality classification", "General-purpose oven, grill and air-fryer cooking capabilities", "Building wiring, electrical outlets and branch-circuit protection", "Product-line merchandising, ownership and purchase transactions", "Commercial food-service workflow beyond the toaster interface" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its primary intended function is browning bread, rather than general-purpose baking, roasting or reheating.", "Its bread support and heating arrangement are purpose-built for toasting, such as slots or a conveyor path.", "It exposes a way to govern bread exposure to heat, such as cycle duration, browning selection or conveyor speed.", "It handles bread without requiring the opposed heated pressing surfaces characteristic of a sandwich press.", "A multipurpose chamber appliance marketed as a toaster oven requires a boundary decision rather than automatic classification as a dedicated toaster." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Toaster configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "pop-up slot; conveyor; other documented dedicated-toasting configuration; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines loading, cycle progression, retrieval and applicable operating questions." }, { "name": "Bread capacity and clearance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "simultaneous slices or items; usable opening width, height and depth in mm", "why_it_matters": "Establishes whether bread fits without obstructing movement or approaching heaters improperly." }, { "name": "Rated electrical input", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "W; V; Hz where applicable, taken from the rating plate or documentation", "why_it_matters": "Supports supply compatibility and interpretation of the appliance's stated power demand." }, { "name": "Browning control", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented dial scale, timer range, sensor-controlled setting or conveyor-speed range", "why_it_matters": "Identifies what the operator can adjust without assuming a numbered setting represents temperature or minutes." }, { "name": "Toasting cycle state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "disconnected; ready; heating; completed; cancelled; faulted; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes active heating from apparent inactivity and supports appropriate next actions." }, { "name": "Residual heat condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "hot; cooling; sufficiently cool for the intended action; unknown", "why_it_matters": "A completed or cancelled cycle does not establish that handling or cleaning is appropriate." }, { "name": "Bread transport and release condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unobstructed; loaded; released; jammed; mechanism fault; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Connects bread position with safe retrieval and continued heating risk." }, { "name": "Crumb and residue condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "clear; accumulation observed; tray full; residue on internal surfaces; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports cleaning decisions and investigation of smoke or odour." }, { "name": "Supported bread and accessory combinations", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "links to manufacturer-permitted bread forms, preparation states and accessories", "why_it_matters": "Prevents treating every bread product, topping or warming rack as compatible." }, { "name": "Applicable safety evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "links to instructions, rating plate, applicable standards, certification records and recall notices", "why_it_matters": "Grounds operating limits and conformity claims in evidence for the actual product and market." } ], "affordances": [ "Assess whether a bread item fits and is permitted for the toaster's loading arrangement.", "Select a documented browning setting or mode and initiate a permitted toasting cycle.", "Monitor heating, bread movement and completion, and cancel a cycle when appropriate.", "Determine whether toast can be retrieved normally or a jam requires isolation and documented intervention.", "Assess cooling and crumb conditions to plan manufacturer-supported cleaning.", "Identify faults or missing safety evidence that warrant withholding operation or obtaining service." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "toaster-identity-and-bread-fit", "name": "Toaster identity and bread fit", "description": "Establishes the appliance boundary and the bread geometry it can handle.", "rationale": "Dedicated toasters, toaster ovens and sandwich presses overlap in advertised uses but require different operational models.", "layers": [ { "id": "dedicated-toasting-boundary", "name": "Dedicated toasting boundary", "description": "Classifies the appliance by intended function and bread-handling design.", "findings": [ { "id": "primary-toasting-function", "name": "Primary toasting function", "description": "Record evidence that bread browning is the primary intended function and identify the toaster configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "What documented intended use and physical arrangement establish this appliance as a toaster?", "kind": "definition", "id": "primary-toasting-function-q01" }, { "text": "Does a cooking chamber, pressing mechanism or multifunction design place it in a neighbouring appliance model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "primary-toasting-function-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "bread-loading-envelope", "name": "Bread loading envelope", "description": "Describes usable bread clearance, capacity and permitted loading.", "findings": [ { "id": "bread-fit-and-compatibility", "name": "Bread fit and compatibility", "description": "Record usable loading dimensions and documented restrictions on bread shape, thickness, preparation and accessories.", "questions": [ { "text": "What bread dimensions and simultaneous item count fit the usable slots or conveyor opening?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "bread-fit-and-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which bread products, toppings and accessory arrangements do the instructions permit or exclude?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "bread-fit-and-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "heat-delivery-and-browning", "name": "Heat delivery and browning", "description": "Connects energy input and heater arrangement to the controls that govern browning.", "rationale": "A browning label alone does not explain heating behaviour or predict results across bread types and repeated cycles.", "layers": [ { "id": "heating-arrangement", "name": "Heating arrangement", "description": "Identifies the energy supply and how heat reaches the bread.", "findings": [ { "id": "power-and-heater-coverage", "name": "Power and heater coverage", "description": "Record rated supply requirements, heater placement and any documented independently controlled heating zones.", "questions": [ { "text": "What input power and supply requirements are stated on the rating plate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "power-and-heater-coverage-q01" }, { "text": "Which bread faces or loading zones receive heat, and can any of them be selected separately?", "kind": "definition", "id": "power-and-heater-coverage-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "browning-regulation", "name": "Browning regulation", "description": "Explains the documented relationship between settings, heat exposure and output.", "findings": [ { "id": "setting-to-cycle-behaviour", "name": "Setting-to-cycle behaviour", "description": "Record what the browning control governs and how special modes change the cycle, without inferring undocumented control logic.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the browning setting govern duration, sensor response, heat output, conveyor speed or an undocumented combination?", "kind": "definition", "id": "setting-to-cycle-behaviour-q01" }, { "text": "What observed browning and cycle duration result for a recorded bread type, initial state and setting?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "setting-to-cycle-behaviour-q02" }, { "text": "How do documented frozen-bread, reheat or one-sided modes change the permitted operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "setting-to-cycle-behaviour-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "toasting-cycle-and-retrieval", "name": "Toasting cycle and retrieval", "description": "Models the progression from bread loading through heating to accessible toast.", "rationale": "Heating termination and bread release are separate events whose failure can leave bread trapped or heating active.", "layers": [ { "id": "cycle-control", "name": "Cycle control", "description": "Records how a cycle begins, progresses and stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "start-cancel-and-complete", "name": "Start, cancel and complete", "description": "Identify the controls and observable evidence for heating activation, cancellation and normal completion.", "questions": [ { "text": "What loading and control conditions initiate heating for this toaster configuration?", "kind": "action", "id": "start-cancel-and-complete-q01" }, { "text": "What control cancels heating, and what evidence distinguishes cancellation from normal completion or a fault?", "kind": "action", "id": "start-cancel-and-complete-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "bread-movement-and-access", "name": "Bread movement and access", "description": "Tracks carriage or conveyor movement and the accessibility of finished toast.", "findings": [ { "id": "release-and-jam-condition", "name": "Release and jam condition", "description": "Record whether bread travels and releases as intended, including failed ejection, conveyor blockage and inaccessible small pieces.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observable bread position and mechanism behaviour indicate normal release or a jam?", "kind": "definition", "id": "release-and-jam-condition-q01" }, { "text": "What documented procedure applies when bread remains trapped or cannot be reached through normal retrieval?", "kind": "action", "id": "release-and-jam-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "toasting-hazards-and-protection", "name": "Toasting hazards and protection", "description": "Captures heat, electrical and ignition hazards associated with the bread path and appliance placement.", "rationale": "Open bread access, combustible food and residual heat make toaster readiness depend on more than whether the controls respond.", "layers": [ { "id": "placement-and-thermal-exposure", "name": "Placement and thermal exposure", "description": "Records placement restrictions and exposure to hot surfaces or discharged toast.", "findings": [ { "id": "clearance-and-hot-access", "name": "Clearance and hot access", "description": "Record documented placement clearances, ventilation needs and surfaces or bread-handling points that can remain hot.", "questions": [ { "text": "What clearances and placement restrictions do the instructions specify around the slots, housing or conveyor discharge?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "clearance-and-hot-access-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes that the relevant surfaces have cooled sufficiently for the proposed handling or cleaning action?", "kind": "action", "id": "clearance-and-hot-access-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protective-functions-and-faults", "name": "Protective functions and faults", "description": "Distinguishes documented protective features from assumed behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "abnormal-heating-response", "name": "Abnormal heating response", "description": "Record supported evidence for protective cutoffs and the prescribed response to persistent heating, smoke, damaged insulation or mechanism failure.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which protective functions are documented, and what conditions are they stated to detect or interrupt?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "abnormal-heating-response-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed faults require stopping use, isolating power where appropriate or obtaining service under the instructions?", "kind": "action", "id": "abnormal-heating-response-q02" }, { "text": "Which market-specific safety standards and conformity records apply to this product and intended setting?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "abnormal-heating-response-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "crumb-management-and-serviceability", "name": "Crumb management and serviceability", "description": "Relates residue and component condition to cleaning and continued use.", "rationale": "Bread debris enters the heated enclosure, while access to heaters and mechanisms is usually constrained by the appliance design.", "layers": [ { "id": "crumb-removal-and-cleaning", "name": "Crumb removal and cleaning", "description": "Identifies debris collection points and permitted cleaning access.", "findings": [ { "id": "crumb-path-and-tray-condition", "name": "Crumb path and tray condition", "description": "Record where crumbs collect, whether collection parts are correctly installed and how the instructions permit their cleaning.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where do crumbs accumulate, and what observed condition indicates that cleaning is needed?", "kind": "definition", "id": "crumb-path-and-tray-condition-q01" }, { "text": "What isolation, cooling, removal and reinstallation steps are specified for the crumb tray and other accessible parts?", "kind": "action", "id": "crumb-path-and-tray-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "performance-degradation-and-repair", "name": "Performance degradation and repair", "description": "Connects changes in toast output or mechanism behaviour with inspection and service decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "uneven-toasting-and-component-condition", "name": "Uneven toasting and component condition", "description": "Record repeatable browning irregularities, heater observations and carriage or conveyor faults while separating symptoms from confirmed causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under comparable bread, loading and setting conditions, what repeatable differences appear between faces, slots or successive cycles?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "uneven-toasting-and-component-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Which components are documented as user-serviceable, and which observed symptoms require qualified service or retirement?", "kind": "action", "id": "uneven-toasting-and-component-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge without source consultation; standard editions, market applicability and commercial-appliance coverage require verification.", "Measurement ranges are approximate for common household slot toasters and do not characterize conveyor toasters or toaster ovens.", "The registry should confirm whether its intended scope includes toaster ovens; no recorded sense resolves that boundary." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of toaster this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Pop-up slot toaster", "Manual slot toaster", "Conveyor toaster", "Toaster oven" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of toaster this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Manufacturer model designation", "value_or_pattern": "Manufacturer-specific alphanumeric code", "note": "Identifies a product model rather than the toaster kind or an individual unit." }, { "scheme": "Serial number", "value_or_pattern": "Manufacturer-assigned identifier", "note": "Identifies an individual appliance when provided." }, { "scheme": "GS1 Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)", "value_or_pattern": "GTIN-12 or GTIN-13", "note": "Commonly identifies a retail product variant rather than an individual appliance." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of toaster this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "IEC 60335-1, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: general safety requirements for household and similar electrical appliances.", "IEC 60335-2-9, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: particular safety requirements for grills, toasters and similar portable cooking appliances.", "UL 1026, issued by UL Standards & Engagement: electric household cooking and food-serving appliances." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of toaster this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Browning sliced bread for household meals.", "Toasting bagels, muffins and similar bread products when their size and the appliance instructions permit.", "Producing toast continuously in hotel breakfast services and commercial catering.", "Reheating or defrosting bread using dedicated settings on equipped models." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of toaster this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Rated electrical input power of household slot toasters", "typical_range": "700-1800", "unit": "W" }, { "quantity": "Simultaneous slice capacity of household slot toasters", "typical_range": "2-4", "unit": "slices" }, { "quantity": "Toasting cycle duration", "typical_range": "1-4", "unit": "min" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of toaster this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Accumulated crumbs or food contacting heating elements can smoke or ignite.", "A jammed bread carriage or failed shutoff mechanism can cause overheating and burning.", "Damaged insulation, cords or internal connections can create electric-shock or fire hazards.", "Hot surfaces, heating elements and freshly toasted food can cause burns.", "Heating-element failure or faulty controls can produce uneven browning or prevent operation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of toaster this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Models are built for local mains supplies, commonly approximately 120 V or 220-240 V, with corresponding plugs and electrical ratings.", "Applicable safety approvals, marking requirements and national adoptions of international standards vary by market.", "Slot dimensions and settings vary to accommodate local bread sizes and products such as bagels." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of toaster this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Toaster oven", "difference": "An overlapping variety with an enclosed chamber and rack or tray that supports broader cooking tasks; a slot toaster mainly holds bread between heating elements." }, { "name": "Sandwich press", "difference": "Closes heated plates against food and cooks mainly through contact rather than exposing bread to radiant heat." }, { "name": "Broiler or overhead grill", "difference": "Applies radiant heat to many kinds of food in an open or oven compartment rather than being designed primarily for toast." }, { "name": "Bread maker", "difference": "Mixes, kneads, proofs and bakes dough rather than primarily browning already baked bread." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of toaster this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend toaster to include conveyor toasters, non-electric dedicated toasting devices or toaster ovens, and do existing world models already own any of those concepts?", "Which authoritative sources establish safety standards, applicable editions and conformity requirements for household versus commercial toasters in each target market?", "What sourced ranges of bread clearance, capacity, rated power and throughput are representative enough to include without turning typical values into limits?", "Which browning-control mechanisms and protective functions are documented across toaster variants, and which must remain product-specific unknowns?", "What repeatable assessment method can distinguish appliance degradation from variation in bread moisture, thickness, starting temperature and loading?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 31 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a toaster, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a toaster, assess its readiness and toasting state, and determine appropriate operation, cleaning or withdrawal from service.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a toaster, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one toaster from another, and a toaster from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a toaster sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a toaster from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a toaster is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a toaster is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a toaster is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a toaster is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a toaster is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a toaster is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a toaster passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a toaster between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a toaster, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a toaster is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What toaster is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does toaster perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise toaster, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How toaster is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does toaster have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does toaster need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about toaster is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about toaster hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern toaster, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a toaster came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a toaster and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a toaster is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a toaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a toaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a toaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }