{ "model": { "rank": 6016, "code": "thing-q150429", "model_id": "vr.tr.n-pentane", "name": "n-pentane", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify n-pentane, assess the condition and suitability of a particular sample, and determine which uses or handling actions require further evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q150429/", "tier": 2, "score": 63, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 63, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q150429", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150429", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:52:51Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0885e-b17c-78f1-bfda-c3d3a91a7aa6\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: n-pentane\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 188 things:\n# Batch 006: 1001 regist", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 69.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0885e-b16f-7922-882e-8d9a9146b8c2\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: n-pentane\nRegistry id: vr.tr.n-pentane\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCont" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q150429", "registryId": "vr.tr.n-pentane", "name": "n-pentane", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q150429/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.n-pentane", "name": "n-pentane", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify n-pentane, assess the condition and suitability of a particular sample, and determine which uses or handling actions require further evidence.", "definition": "n-Pentane is the unbranched constitutional isomer of the saturated hydrocarbon C5H12, with structure CH3(CH2)3CH3, occurring as a volatile, highly flammable liquid at ordinary room temperature and atmospheric pressure.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity of n-pentane as the unbranched C5H12 isomer and the composition, physical state, performance, provenance, and handling constraints of samples represented as that substance.", "in_scope": [ "Molecular identity and distinction from other pentane isomers", "Sample purity, grade, impurities, and analytical evidence", "Phase, volatility, and measured properties under stated conditions", "Suitability as a solvent, reference material, or volatile process input", "Substance-specific hazard evidence, storage constraints, and jurisdictional identity" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Isopentane and neopentane as separate substances", "Petroleum fractions, commercial pentane blends, and formulated products as whole mixtures", "Manufacturing and separation processes as operational systems", "Containers, ventilation equipment, and fire-protection systems as engineered assets", "Finished foams, extracts, fuels, or other products made using n-pentane" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its molecular connectivity is CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3; a branched five-carbon skeleton identifies a different pentane isomer.", "Its molecular formula is C5H12; formula alone cannot distinguish it from isopentane or neopentane.", "A designation of 'pentane' without structural or analytical evidence does not establish that a sample is n-pentane rather than an isomer mixture.", "A sample identified as predominantly n-pentane still requires an assay and impurity profile before it can be treated as a particular purity grade.", "Observed volatility or a boiling range can support identification but cannot alone establish molecular identity or exclude a pentane blend." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Molecular identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "C5H12; unbranched connectivity CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3", "why_it_matters": "Separates n-pentane from its branched constitutional isomers." }, { "name": "Registry identifier alignment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "vr.tr.n-pentane linked to verified CAS, PubChem, and EC records", "why_it_matters": "Prevents identifiers for mixtures or other isomers from being attached to this substance." }, { "name": "n-Pentane assay", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction, mole fraction, or method-defined chromatographic area percentage", "why_it_matters": "Establishes sample composition without treating different reporting bases as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Individual impurity concentrations in mg/kg or stated fraction, with detection limits", "why_it_matters": "Other hydrocarbons, water, and residues can change suitability even when the headline assay is acceptable." }, { "name": "Grade and specification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Supplier grade, specification revision, acceptance limits, and certification status", "why_it_matters": "A grade name alone does not establish fitness for an analytical or industrial use." }, { "name": "Sample phase and conditions", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Solid, liquid, vapor, or multiphase; temperature in °C or K; absolute pressure in kPa", "why_it_matters": "Phase and conditions determine how the sample can be measured, transferred, and interpreted." }, { "name": "Phase-transition properties", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Melting/freezing temperature and boiling temperature or range in °C or K, with pressure and purity", "why_it_matters": "Supports identity checks and operating limits while separating reference values from batch measurements." }, { "name": "Vapor pressure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kPa at a stated temperature, with measurement source or correlation validity range", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of evaporation, vapor generation, and containment requirements." }, { "name": "Density", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg/m³ at stated temperature, pressure, phase, and composition", "why_it_matters": "Supports mass-volume conversion and sample consistency checks." }, { "name": "Application performance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Target material or process linked to measured solubility, evaporation, residue, or expansion requirements", "why_it_matters": "Makes suitability depend on the intended application and evidence for this grade." }, { "name": "Applicable hazard classification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Verified hazard classes, categories, statements, jurisdiction, source, and revision date", "why_it_matters": "Connects handling decisions to applicable evidence for the substance or supplied sample." }, { "name": "Sample traceability and integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Lot identity, certificate linkage, opening history, storage history, and integrity assessment", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a documented sample from one whose composition or condition is uncertain." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve an ambiguous pentane label against molecular identity and analytical evidence.", "Compare a sample's assay and impurity profile with a use-specific specification.", "Interpret or estimate phase and volatility within a documented temperature-pressure range.", "Assess whether a documented grade is suitable for a specified solvent, reference-material, or evaporation-dependent use.", "Derive handling and storage requirements from verified hazard information and actual sample conditions.", "Flag samples for further analysis when provenance, contamination, or evaporative loss undermines their stated grade." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "molecular-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Molecular identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes which chemical entity the name n-pentane denotes and whether a supplied sample belongs under it.", "rationale": "Pentane isomers share a molecular formula, and commercial naming can obscure the distinction between n-pentane and pentane mixtures.", "layers": [ { "id": "unbranched-isomer", "name": "Unbranched isomer", "description": "Captures the connectivity that distinguishes n-pentane.", "findings": [ { "id": "straight-chain-identity", "name": "Straight-chain identity", "description": "Identity depends on the unbranched five-carbon structure, rather than the molecular formula alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the identity record explicitly describe CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 rather than either branched C5H12 isomer?", "kind": "definition", "id": "straight-chain-identity-q01" }, { "text": "Which structural or analytical evidence distinguishes this sample from isopentane, neopentane, and their mixtures?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "straight-chain-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "identifiers-and-mixture-boundary", "name": "Identifiers and mixture boundary", "description": "Aligns registry records and sets the boundary between the substance and a supplied mixture.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-to-substance-resolution", "name": "Name-to-substance resolution", "description": "External identifiers and supplier terminology require verification against the unbranched substance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative records verify the CAS number, PubChem CID, and EC number for n-pentane?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "name-to-substance-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "Does the supplied material represent an n-pentane grade with specified impurities or a pentane blend requiring its own mixture model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "name-to-substance-resolution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-grade-and-evidence", "name": "Composition, grade, and evidence", "description": "Describes what a particular n-pentane sample contains and how its stated grade is supported.", "rationale": "Isomer content, water, and nonvolatile residues can matter independently of the nominal n-pentane purity.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-and-impurities", "name": "Assay and impurities", "description": "Records composition on an explicit analytical basis.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-resolution", "name": "Composition resolution", "description": "The model must distinguish a reported n-pentane assay from evidence that resolves relevant impurities.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the n-pentane content, on which reporting basis, and with what uncertainty or method limitation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "Which method quantifies other pentane isomers, neighboring hydrocarbons, water, and nonvolatile residue, and what are its detection limits?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-resolution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-lot-provenance", "name": "Grade and lot provenance", "description": "Connects stated specifications to the actual sample and its history.", "findings": [ { "id": "grade-evidence-chain", "name": "Grade evidence chain", "description": "Suitability requires a traceable specification and sample-specific evidence, with changes since certification considered.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which lot-linked certificate and specification revision support the claimed n-pentane grade?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "grade-evidence-chain-q01" }, { "text": "Have opening, transfer, storage, or suspected evaporative loss created a need to reassess composition before use?", "kind": "action", "id": "grade-evidence-chain-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "phase-and-volatility", "name": "Phase and volatility", "description": "Relates n-pentane's physical state and measurable properties to temperature, pressure, and composition.", "rationale": "Its use and handling depend on phase behavior and vapor generation, so unqualified property values are insufficient.", "layers": [ { "id": "phase-envelope", "name": "Phase envelope", "description": "Records observed phase and the conditions associated with phase transitions.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-phase-properties", "name": "Conditioned phase properties", "description": "Reference transition temperatures must be separated from measurements on potentially impure samples.", "questions": [ { "text": "What phase or phases are present at the sample's measured temperature and absolute pressure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-phase-properties-q01" }, { "text": "Which sources establish melting and boiling values, including pressure, purity, method, and uncertainty?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "conditioned-phase-properties-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "vapor-and-liquid-properties", "name": "Vapor and liquid properties", "description": "Supports interpretation of evaporation and liquid inventory.", "findings": [ { "id": "valid-property-use", "name": "Valid property use", "description": "Vapor-pressure and density data require explicit conditions and a valid range before supporting decisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which vapor-pressure measurements or correlation apply across the intended operating temperatures?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "valid-property-use-q01" }, { "text": "What density applies to this sample's composition and temperature when converting between liquid volume and mass?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "valid-property-use-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-fitness", "name": "Application fitness", "description": "Links n-pentane properties and grade to a specified role.", "rationale": "Solvent behavior, clean evaporation, reference-material quality, and vapor-generation performance impose different requirements.", "layers": [ { "id": "solvent-and-analytical-use", "name": "Solvent and analytical use", "description": "Tests whether a grade supports the required dissolution, separation, or analytical function.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-acceptance", "name": "Use-specific acceptance", "description": "A solvent or analytical role needs explicit acceptance criteria for the target method and materials.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes adequate solubility or partitioning for the target substances at the intended temperature?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "use-specific-acceptance-q01" }, { "text": "Which limits on interfering hydrocarbons, water, residue, or certification must this n-pentane grade meet before the intended method can use it?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-specific-acceptance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "evaporation-dependent-use", "name": "Evaporation-dependent use", "description": "Assesses roles that depend on n-pentane leaving a liquid phase or generating vapor.", "findings": [ { "id": "volatility-performance-boundary", "name": "Volatility performance boundary", "description": "Evaporation-dependent applications require evidence connecting sample properties to process requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which measured evaporation, boiling-range, residue, or vapor-generation requirements determine whether this grade is acceptable?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "volatility-performance-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which performance claims belong to the n-pentane sample, and which require a separate model of the formulation, equipment, or finished product?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "volatility-performance-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazards-and-handling-constraints", "name": "Hazards and handling constraints", "description": "Collects verified hazard evidence and translates it into conditions for sample handling.", "rationale": "Decisions involving n-pentane vapor, exposure, storage, and disposal need current sources applicable to the supplied material and jurisdiction.", "layers": [ { "id": "classification-and-exposure", "name": "Classification and exposure", "description": "Establishes the applicable classification and exposure criteria without assuming that every supplier record is equivalent.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-hazard-record", "name": "Applicable hazard record", "description": "Hazard and exposure records must identify their substance scope, jurisdiction, and revision.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current authoritative classification and safety data sheet establish the applicable physical, health, and environmental hazards for this material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-hazard-record-q01" }, { "text": "Which occupational exposure limits apply, including averaging periods, units, jurisdiction, and whether their scope is n-pentane specifically or a broader pentane category?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "applicable-hazard-record-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-storage-decisions", "name": "Handling and storage decisions", "description": "Relates sample conditions and verified safety properties to permitted handling actions.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-based-handling", "name": "Evidence-based handling", "description": "Handling decisions require verified ignition, compatibility, exposure, and containment information for the proposed operation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which verified flash-point, flammability-limit, ignition, and incompatibility data constrain the intended temperature, transfer method, and nearby materials?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-based-handling-q01" }, { "text": "What ventilation, ignition control, containment, storage, and waste-routing requirements follow from those data and the actual quantity and conditions?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-based-handling-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled information, with no sources consulted; numerical properties are approximate values for the pure substance.", "Verify current jurisdiction-specific classifications, exposure limits and transport requirements before operational use.", "Grade names are supplier-dependent; verify assay, isomer content, water and nonvolatile residue against the product specification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of n-pentane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Technical-grade n-pentane", "Reagent-grade n-pentane", "Chromatography-grade n-pentane" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of n-pentane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "109-66-0", "note": "Identifies n-pentane specifically, rather than pentane isomer mixtures." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "8003", "note": "Compound identifier for n-pentane." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "203-692-4", "note": "European substance inventory identifier." }, { "scheme": "SMILES", "value_or_pattern": "CCCCC", "note": "Encodes the unbranched five-carbon chain." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of n-pentane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS): framework for chemical hazard classification and communication.", "European Union REACH Regulation: substance registration and chemical supply-chain obligations.", "European Union CLP Regulation: classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures.", "US Occupational Safety and Health Administration Hazard Communication Standard: workplace chemical labels and safety data sheets." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of n-pentane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Nonpolar solvent for extraction and laboratory procedures.", "Solvent component in chromatography.", "Physical blowing agent in polymer foam manufacture.", "Working fluid in some organic Rankine cycle systems.", "Component of gasoline and light petroleum fractions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of n-pentane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "72.15", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Normal boiling point at 101.325 kPa", "typical_range": "Approximately 36.1", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Melting point", "typical_range": "Approximately -129.7", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Liquid density at approximately 20 °C", "typical_range": "Approximately 0.626", "unit": "g/cm³" }, { "quantity": "Vapour pressure at approximately 20 °C", "typical_range": "Approximately 57", "unit": "kPa" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of n-pentane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Readily produces ignitable vapour at room temperature; vapour-air mixtures can burn or explode.", "Vapour is denser than air and can accumulate in low areas or travel to an ignition source.", "Inhalation at elevated concentrations can cause dizziness, drowsiness and central nervous system depression.", "Aspiration into the lungs following ingestion or vomiting can cause severe chemical lung injury.", "Repeated skin contact can remove skin oils and cause dryness or irritation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of n-pentane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Occupational exposure limits and their averaging periods differ between jurisdictions and issuing bodies.", "Required labels and safety data sheet classifications depend on the jurisdiction's implementation of chemical hazard rules." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of n-pentane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Isopentane", "difference": "Has the same molecular formula but a branched 2-methylbutane structure." }, { "name": "Neopentane", "difference": "Has the same molecular formula but the more highly branched 2,2-dimethylpropane structure." }, { "name": "Cyclopentane", "difference": "Has a five-carbon ring and formula C5H10 rather than the open-chain formula C5H12." }, { "name": "Commercial pentane mixtures", "difference": "Contain multiple components or pentane isomers; their composition and properties cannot be assigned those of pure n-pentane." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of n-pentane this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative identity records should anchor the CAS, PubChem, and EC mappings for vr.tr.n-pentane?", "Which measured property sources provide defensible melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure, and density values with conditions and uncertainty?", "Which recognized or supplier-specific grade specifications distinguish relevant n-pentane uses, and which impurity limits materially affect each use?", "Which current jurisdictional classifications and exposure limits apply specifically to n-pentane, and where do sources instead cover pentanes or mixtures?", "What evidence and local catalogue convention determine when a supplied pentane composition remains an n-pentane grade versus requiring a separate mixture record?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a n-pentane, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify n-pentane, assess the condition and suitability of a particular sample, and determine which uses or handling actions require further evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a n-pentane, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one n-pentane from another, and a n-pentane from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a n-pentane sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a n-pentane from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a n-pentane is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a n-pentane is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a n-pentane is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a n-pentane is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a n-pentane is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a n-pentane is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a n-pentane passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a n-pentane between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a n-pentane, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a n-pentane is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a n-pentane and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a n-pentane is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a n-pentane performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a n-pentane.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a n-pentane at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a n-pentane there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What n-pentane is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name n-pentane unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of n-pentane exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How n-pentane behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of n-pentane, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is n-pentane incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How n-pentane can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is n-pentane classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover n-pentane, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a n-pentane came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a n-pentane and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a n-pentane is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a n-pentane, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a n-pentane, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a n-pentane is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }