{ "model": { "rank": 5544, "code": "thing-q151055", "model_id": "vr.tr.denisovan", "name": "Denisovan", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to evaluate Denisovan identifications, distinguish individuals from populations and ancestry signals, and decide which interpretations or research actions the evidence supports.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q151055/", "tier": 2, "score": 66, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 66, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q151055", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151055", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:36:51Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08850-379f-7d40-a570-fc0b477b199a\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Denisovan\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 188 things:\n# Batch 006: 1001 regist", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 58.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08850-37ae-72e3-8537-1ee5960a6386\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Denisovan\nRegistry id: vr.tr.denisovan\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCont" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q151055", "registryId": "vr.tr.denisovan", "name": "Denisovan", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q151055/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.denisovan", "name": "Denisovan", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to evaluate Denisovan identifications, distinguish individuals from populations and ancestry signals, and decide which interpretations or research actions the evidence supports.", "definition": "Denisovans are an extinct lineage of archaic humans, closely related to Neanderthals, identified primarily through ancient molecular evidence from Asian remains and through their genetic contribution to some living human populations.", "scope_statement": "This model owns Denisovan as a registered archaic human grouping, including its operational identification, attributed remains, population relationships and evidential limits, without presupposing a settled formal species designation.", "in_scope": [ "Operational definitions of Denisovan and competing taxonomic interpretations", "Attribution of individual remains using genetic, protein and anatomical evidence", "Temporal and geographic occurrence supported by attributed evidence", "Population relationships, admixture and Denisovan-associated ancestry", "Limits on biological and behavioural reconstruction", "Conditions governing sampling, analysis and revision of identifications" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Comprehensive models of Neanderthals, Homo sapiens or the genus Homo", "Modern human identities or classifications based on archaic ancestry", "Complete archaeological site inventories and excavation management", "General ancient DNA laboratory methods and sequencing infrastructure", "Independent models of associated animals, tools or sediments" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An identification must specify the reference evidence and comparison that distinguish a Denisovan attribution from Neanderthal, modern human or unresolved archaic human alternatives.", "A Denisovan-associated ancestry segment supports a claim about ancestry; it does not by itself identify its carrier as a Denisovan individual.", "An anatomical resemblance must be distinguished from an attribution supported by molecular evidence, with uncertainty retained when the two cannot be linked.", "Evidence from sediment or associated material must be distinguished from evidence obtained directly from an identified human remain." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Referent level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "grouping; inferred population; individual; specimen; ancestry segment", "why_it_matters": "Prevents claims about an ancestry segment or specimen from being applied automatically to an entire population." }, { "name": "Taxonomic interpretation", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "proposed designation, authority, publication date and acceptance status", "why_it_matters": "Separates an operational Denisovan identification from a disputed or changing formal classification." }, { "name": "Attribution evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "nuclear DNA; mitochondrial DNA; proteins; anatomy; contextual association; combined evidence", "why_it_matters": "Makes the basis and limitations of each identification explicit." }, { "name": "Attribution confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "supported; provisional; contested; rejected; unresolved, with an explicit assessment basis", "why_it_matters": "Controls which downstream statements may treat an attribution as established." }, { "name": "Temporal placement", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "age interval in years with reference convention, dating method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison of occurrences without treating uncertain dates as exact." }, { "name": "Geographic evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "specimen or molecular signal linked to locality, context and spatial precision", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes demonstrated occurrence from reconstructed range." }, { "name": "Population affinity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "relationship to named comparison samples or inferred populations, with method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Allows population structure to be represented without assuming all Denisovan-associated evidence is homogeneous." }, { "name": "Anatomical observation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "trait-specific dimensions or scores, anatomical element, preservation and developmental assessment", "why_it_matters": "Keeps observed morphology separate from unsupported reconstructions of Denisovan appearance." }, { "name": "Sampling eligibility", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "not assessed; permitted; restricted; prohibited, with custodian conditions", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether proposed analyses may consume or alter irreplaceable material." } ], "affordances": [ "Assess a candidate Denisovan attribution against explicit alternatives and reference evidence.", "Link a remain, molecular signal or ancestry segment to the appropriate individual or population claim.", "Compare dated occurrences while preserving geographic and chronological uncertainty.", "Evaluate whether anatomical or behavioural generalizations exceed the available evidence.", "Select an authorized analysis that could resolve a specific attribution uncertainty.", "Revise or withdraw dependent claims when an identification, date or reference comparison changes." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "denisovan-identity", "name": "Denisovan identity and boundaries", "description": "Defines what an assertion of Denisovan identity means and what evidence distinguishes it from neighbouring classifications.", "rationale": "The registry needs a usable concept even when formal nomenclature and the boundaries of the grouping remain unsettled.", "layers": [ { "id": "operational-classification", "name": "Operational classification", "description": "Separates evidence-based grouping from formal taxonomic naming.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-and-taxonomic-status", "name": "Definition and taxonomic status", "description": "Record the adopted meaning of Denisovan and the authority supporting any formal designation; do not infer an accepted binomial from the registry name.", "questions": [ { "text": "What operational definition determines inclusion in the Denisovan grouping?", "kind": "definition", "id": "definition-and-taxonomic-status-q01" }, { "text": "Which source supports the proposed taxonomic rank, name and authority, and what competing interpretations remain?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "definition-and-taxonomic-status-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "identification-comparisons", "name": "Identification comparisons", "description": "Makes alternative identifications and reference dependencies explicit.", "findings": [ { "id": "denisovan-attribution-test", "name": "Denisovan attribution test", "description": "An attribution should specify the evidence, comparison material and decision criteria used to distinguish Denisovan affinity from alternatives.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which reference specimens or sequences support the attribution, and how were those references identified?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "denisovan-attribution-test-q01" }, { "text": "What result distinguishes this attribution from Neanderthal, modern human, mixed ancestry or unresolved archaic human alternatives?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "denisovan-attribution-test-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "remains-and-molecular-evidence", "name": "Remains and molecular evidence", "description": "Connects Denisovan claims to physical samples and assesses what their evidence can resolve.", "rationale": "A fragmentary remain, a protein sequence and a sedimentary signal support different kinds of identification.", "layers": [ { "id": "sample-to-individual", "name": "Sample to individual", "description": "Tracks the connection between sampled material, a physical remain and an inferred individual.", "findings": [ { "id": "attribution-bearing-material", "name": "Attribution-bearing material", "description": "Identify exactly which material carries the Denisovan evidence and whether its connection to an individual is direct or inferred.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the evidence come from a human remain, sediment or another associated material, and what is its documented provenance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attribution-bearing-material-q01" }, { "text": "Can the signal be assigned to this individual, or does it establish only a contextual occurrence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attribution-bearing-material-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "molecular-resolution", "name": "Molecular resolution", "description": "Assesses authenticity and discriminatory power without treating every molecular result as equally informative.", "findings": [ { "id": "authenticated-discriminating-signal", "name": "Authenticated and discriminating signal", "description": "Keep authenticity, contamination assessment and Denisovan-specific discrimination as separate requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measurements and controls support the antiquity and authenticity of the DNA or protein signal?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "authenticated-discriminating-signal-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed sequence features support Denisovan affinity, and what alternatives remain indistinguishable at this resolution?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "authenticated-discriminating-signal-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "population-history-and-occurrence", "name": "Population history and occurrence", "description": "Organizes evidence for Denisovan presence, population relationships and ancestry transmission.", "rationale": "Occurrence, inferred population range and inherited ancestry must remain distinct to avoid unsupported migration histories.", "layers": [ { "id": "dated-geographic-presence", "name": "Dated geographic presence", "description": "Anchors occurrence claims to localities and defensible age intervals.", "findings": [ { "id": "occurrence-versus-range", "name": "Occurrence versus reconstructed range", "description": "Treat attributed material at a dated locality as an occurrence; represent broader distribution as an inference with its own support.", "questions": [ { "text": "What age interval applies to the attributed material, and is it directly dated or dated through its context?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "occurrence-versus-range-q01" }, { "text": "Which geographic claims follow from physical occurrence, and which depend on ancestry models or interpolation between sites?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "occurrence-versus-range-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ancestry-and-population-structure", "name": "Ancestry and population structure", "description": "Separates individual genetic relationships from population-level histories.", "findings": [ { "id": "affinity-and-admixture-inference", "name": "Affinity and admixture inference", "description": "Record Denisovan-related ancestry and proposed population relationships with the comparison data and assumptions that produced them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which data and demographic model support the proposed Denisovan affinity or admixture event?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "affinity-and-admixture-inference-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes a close individual relationship, population structure and ancestry inherited through an older admixture event?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "affinity-and-admixture-inference-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "biological-interpretation-and-research-actions", "name": "Biological interpretation and research actions", "description": "Limits reconstructions to what Denisovan evidence supports and connects unresolved claims to permissible investigation.", "rationale": "Sparse or uneven evidence can invite overgeneralization, while additional sampling can irreversibly consume the material needed to test it.", "layers": [ { "id": "traits-and-context", "name": "Traits and context", "description": "Distinguishes directly observed anatomy from inferred biology, ecology and behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "limits-of-biological-generalization", "name": "Limits of biological generalization", "description": "Track whether a proposed Denisovan trait is observed in attributed material, predicted from molecular evidence or inferred from archaeological association.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which attributed individuals support this trait, and how do preservation, developmental stage and uncertain sex affect the comparison?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "limits-of-biological-generalization-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence permits an individual trait or associated tool, fauna or habitat to be generalized to a Denisovan population?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "limits-of-biological-generalization-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "investigation-and-revision", "name": "Investigation and revision", "description": "Connects uncertainty to authorized tests and propagates changes in foundational evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "targeted-analysis-and-claim-revision", "name": "Targeted analysis and claim revision", "description": "Choose investigations for their ability to distinguish live hypotheses, and track which claims require revision if attribution or dating changes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which permitted analysis could resolve the specific uncertainty, and what material would it consume?", "kind": "action", "id": "targeted-analysis-and-claim-revision-q01" }, { "text": "Which population, range, anatomical or behavioural claims must be reconsidered if this specimen's Denisovan attribution or date changes?", "kind": "action", "id": "targeted-analysis-and-claim-revision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is a recall-based account; no sources were consulted.", "Check current taxonomic proposals before assigning an accepted binomial, naming authority or formal species rank.", "Fossil assignments, geographic extent and occupation dates are developing research areas; no precise ranges or database identifier values are asserted here." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Denisovan this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric Taxonomy ID", "note": "Sequence records use a Denisovan taxonomic grouping; a database grouping does not settle formal species status." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Denisovan this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Reconstructing human evolutionary relationships using ancient genomes.", "Studying interbreeding among Denisovans, Neanderthals and modern humans.", "Investigating inherited adaptations, including the Denisovan-related ancestry of the Tibetan EPAS1 haplotype associated with high-altitude adaptation.", "Identifying fragmentary hominin remains through ancient DNA and protein analysis." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Denisovan this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Modern DNA contamination and ancient DNA degradation can compromise genetic identification.", "Sparse fossil evidence limits reconstruction of appearance, development and sexual dimorphism.", "Treating Denisovans as a formally settled species overstates taxonomic agreement.", "Denisovan ancestry in a living person does not make that person a Denisovan.", "Genetic ancestry patterns alone cannot establish precise fossil-era geographic boundaries." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Denisovan this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Molecularly identified remains establish Denisovan presence in the Altai region and on the Tibetan Plateau.", "Living populations in parts of Oceania generally carry more Denisovan ancestry than most mainland Asian populations.", "Genomic evidence indicates differentiated Denisovan populations and multiple episodes of admixture with ancestors of modern humans." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Denisovan this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Neanderthal", "difference": "A closely related archaic human lineage distinguished from Denisovans through nuclear genomic evidence; interbreeding occurred between them." }, { "name": "Homo sapiens", "difference": "The species encompassing living humans; some populations retain inherited Denisovan DNA but belong to a distinct evolutionary lineage." }, { "name": "Denisovan individual", "difference": "One organism assigned to the lineage, whereas Denisovan can denote the lineage or its constituent populations." }, { "name": "Denisovan ancestry", "difference": "Inherited genetic material attributed to Denisovan ancestors, rather than an organism or taxon." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Denisovan this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which current taxonomic treatments and identifier records should anchor the registry entry, and do they describe equivalent concepts?", "Which proposed Denisovan remains currently have sufficiently discriminating evidence, and which attributions remain contested?", "How much anatomical variation, developmental variation and sexual dimorphism can the attributed sample actually establish?", "Which geographic and chronological limits are directly evidenced, and how strongly can ancestry data constrain unsampled populations?", "Which ecological, behavioural and adaptive interpretations can be attributed specifically to Denisovans rather than to associated contexts or model-dependent predictions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 14, "questions": 22 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Denisovan, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to evaluate Denisovan identifications, distinguish individuals from populations and ancestry signals, and decide which interpretations or research actions the evidence supports.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Denisovan, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Denisovan from another, and a Denisovan from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Denisovan sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Denisovan from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Denisovan is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Denisovan and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Denisovan is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Denisovan is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Denisovan is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Denisovan moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Denisovan passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Denisovan between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Denisovan, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Denisovan is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Denisovan is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Denisovan, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Denisovan from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Denisovan from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Denisovan does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Denisovan pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Denisovan judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Denisovan lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Denisovan, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Denisovan hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Denisovan came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Denisovan and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Denisovan is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Denisovan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Denisovan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Denisovan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }